Compositions and methods for reprogramming hematopoietic stem cell lineages

ABSTRACT

Provided herein are compositions, methods, and kits for hematopoietic stem cell induction or for reprogramming cells to the multipotent state of hematopoietic stem cells. In some embodiments, the compositions comprise at least one HSC inducing factor. Such compositions, methods and kits can be used for inducing hematopoietic stem cells in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo, as described herein, and these induced hematopoietic stem cells can be used in regenerative medicine applications and therapies.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/782,037 filed Mar. 14, 2013, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

SEQUENCE LISTING

The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which has been submitted electronically in ASCII format and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created on Mar. 14, 2014, is named 701039-076171-PCT1_SL.txt and is 506,202 bytes in size.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compositions, methods, and kits for reprogramming hematopoietic lineages and inducing hematopoietic stem cells.

BACKGROUND

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a subset of multipotent stem cells that are responsible for the ability to sustain lifelong hematopoiesis, and continuously generate myriad and various blood cell types, while maintaining adequate number of stem cells in the bone marrow. Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to all the blood or immune cell types, including monocytes and macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes/platelets, dendritic cells, T-cells, B-cells, NKT-cells, and NK-cells. Hematopoietic tissues contain cells with long-term and short-term regeneration capacities, and committed multipotent, oligopotent, and unipotent progenitors.

Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCT) has become the standard of care for many patients with defined congenital or acquired disorders of the hematopoietic system or with chemo- radio- or, immuno-sensitive malignancies. Over the last two decades, HSCT has seen rapid expansion and a constant evolution in technology use. (Gratwohl A, et al., (2010). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation A Global Perspective. JAMA. 303(16):1617-24).

SUMMARY

The inventors have identified key transcription factors that can surprisingly reprogram committed cells and blood cells back into hematopoietic stem cells.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the best-characterized tissue-specific stem cells, yet the experimental study of HSCs remains challenging, due to the fact that they are exceedingly rare and methods to purify them are cumbersome, and vary between different laboratories. Moreover, genetic tools for specifically addressing issues related to HSC biology are lacking. In spite of wide clinical use, HSC transplantation remains a high-risk procedure, with the number of stem cells available for transplantation being the strongest predictor of transplantation success. One of the central clinical challenges of HSC transplantation arises from the fact that HSCs are exceedingly rare cells, occurring at a frequency of only 1/20,000 bone marrow cells and obtaining enough cells for transplant is challenging. Thus, an ability to expand HSC numbers prior to transplantation could overcome the problem of limited HSC numbers. Efforts to expand HSCs prior to transplant by ex vivo culturing have proven challenging and such efforts have not yet translated to the clinic. Thus, there remains a clinical need to find alternative strategies for either expanding the numbers of existing HSCs, or generating HSCs de novo from more abundant cell types.

The embodiments of the invention provide multiple applications, including kits for research use and methods for generation of cells useful for conducting small molecule screens for blood diseases. In addition, the invention provides commercially and medically useful methods to produce autologous hematopoietic stem cells and give them back to a patient in need, with or without genome editing. Transplant of hematopoietic stem cells is a critically important procedure that is currently limited for a variety of reasons.

Provided herein are compositions, methods, and kits for hematopoietic stem cell induction or for reprogramming cells to the multipotent state of hematopoietic stem cells, based, in part, on the discoveries described herein of novel combinations of transcription factors that permit dedifferentiation and reprogramming of more differentiated cells to the hematopoietic stem cell state. Such compositions, nucleic acid constructs, methods and kits can be used for inducing hematopoietic stem cells in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo, as described herein, and these induced hematopoietic stem cells can be used in regenerative medicine applications and therapies.

For example, the methods described herein can be used to produce HSC cells for treat diseases including leukemia, lymphomas, solid tumors, aplastic anemia, congenital bone marrow failure syndromes, immune deficiencies, sickle cell disease, thalassemia and metabolic/storage diseases, such as amyloidosis.

Accordingly, provided herein, in some aspects are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition comprising one or more expression vectors encoding at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more HSC inducing factors selected from: CDKN1C, DNMT3B, EGR1, ETV6, EVI1, GATA2, GFI1B, GLIS2, HLF, HMGA2, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXB3, HOXB4, HOXB5, IGF2BP2, IKZF2, KLF12, KLF4, KLF9, LMO2, MEIS1, MSI2, MYCN, NAP1L3, NDN, NFIX, NKX2-3, NR3C2, PBX1, PRDM16, PRDM5, RARB, RBBP6, RBPMS, RUNX1, RUNX1T1, SMAD6, TAL1, TCF15, VDR, ZFP37, ZFP467, ZFP521, ZFP532, and ZFP612.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, LMO2, and PRDM5.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;

b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1;

c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;

d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1;

e. a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and

f. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more expression vectors comprising:

a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16;

b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and

c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding VDR.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;

b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1;

c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1;

d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2;

e. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5

f. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;

g. a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN;

h. a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2;

i. a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3;

j. a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1; and

k. a nucleic acid sequence encoding RBPMS.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467;

b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1;

c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; and

d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more expression vectors comprising:

a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;

b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2;

c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16; and

d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN;

b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2;

c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3; and

d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more expression vectors comprising:

a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB5;

b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;

c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467;

d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB3;

e. a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2;

f. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1;

g. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; and

h. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP521.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4;

b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1;

c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2;

d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and

e. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP521.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more expression vectors comprising:

a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12;

b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; and

c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding EGR1.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1;

b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding RBPMS;

c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;

d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; and

e. a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more expression vectors comprising:

a. a sequence encoding KLF12; and

b. a sequence encoding HLF;

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;

b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4;

c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and

d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more expression vectors comprising:

a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN;

b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467;

c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3

d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; and

e. a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF4.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the one or more expression vectors are retroviral vectors.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the one or more expression vectors are lentiviral vectors. In some embodiments, the lentiviral vectors are inducible lentiviral vectors.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising modified mRNA sequences encoding at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more HSC inducing factors selected from: CDKN1C, DNMT3B, EGR1, ETV6, EVI1, GATA2, GFI1B, GLIS2, HLF, HMGA2, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXB3, HOXB4, HOXB5, IGF2BP2, IKZF2, KLF12, KLF4, KLF9, LMO2, MEIS1, MSI2, MYCN, NAP1L3, NDN, NFIX, NKX2-3, NR3C2, PBX1, PRDM16, PRDM5, RARB, RBBP6, RBPMS, RUNX1, RUNX1T1, SMAD6, TAL1, TCF15, VDR, ZFP37, ZFP467, ZFP521, ZFP532, and ZFP612, wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, LMO2, and PRDM5.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising

a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;

b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1;

c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37;

d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1;

e. a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; and

f. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM5;

-   -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more of:

a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM16;

b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467; and

c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding VDR;

-   -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising

a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;

b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1;

c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1;

d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2;

e. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM5

f. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37;

g. a modified mRNA sequence encoding MYCN;

h. a modified mRNA sequence encoding MSI2;

i. a modified mRNA sequence encoding NKX2-3;

j. a modified mRNA sequence encoding MEIS1; and

k. a modified mRNA sequence encoding RBPMS;

-   -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising

a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467;

b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1;

c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB4; and

d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding MSI2;

-   -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more of:

a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;

b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2;

c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM16; and

d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37.

-   -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising

a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding MYCN;

b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding MSI2;

c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding NKX2-3; and

d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1;

-   -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more of:

a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB5;

b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;

c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467;

d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB3;

e. a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2;

f. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1;

g. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37; and

h. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP521;

-   -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising

a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB4;

b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1;

c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2;

d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467; and

e. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP521;

-   -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more of:

a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding KLF12;

b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; and

c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding EGR;

-   -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising

a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding MEIS1;

b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding RBPMS;

c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37;

d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1; and

e. a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2.

-   -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more of:

a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding KLF12; and

b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;

-   -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising

a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37;

b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB4;

c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; and

d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;

-   -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more of:

a. a modified mRNA encoding MYCN;

b. a modified mRNA encoding ZFP467;

c. a modified mRNA encoding NKX2-3

d. a modified mRNA encoding PBX1; and

e. a modified mRNA encoding KLF4;

-   -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the modified cytosine is 5-methylcytosine and the modified uracil is pseudouracil.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the modified mRNA sequences comprise one or more nucleoside modifications selected from the group consisting of pyridin-4-one ribonucleoside, 5-aza-uridine, 2-thio-5-aza-uridine, 2-thiouridine, 4-thio-pseudouridine, 2-thio-pseudouridine, 5-hydroxyuridine, 3-methyluridine, 5-carboxymethyl-uridine, 1-carboxymethyl-pseudouridine, 5-propynyl-uridine, 1-propynyl-pseudouridine, 5-taurinomethyluridine, 1-taurinomethyl-pseudouridine, 5-taurinomethyl-2-thio-uridine, 1-taurinomethyl-4-thio-uridine, 5-methyl-uridine, 1-methyl-pseudouridine, 4-thio-1-methyl-pseudouridine, 2-thio-1-methyl-pseudouridine, 1-methyl-1-deaza-pseudouridine, 2-thio-1-methyl-1-deaza-pseudouridine, dihydrouridine, dihydropseudouridine, 2-thio-dihydrouridine, 2-thio-dihydropseudouridine, 2-methoxyuridine, 2-methoxy-4-thio-uridine, 4-methoxy-pseudouridine, 4-methoxy-2-thio-pseudouridine, 5-aza-cytidine, pseudoisocytidine, 3-methyl-cytidine, N4-acetylcytidine, 5-formylcytidine, N4-methylcytidine, 5-hydroxymethylcytidine, 1-methyl-pseudoisocytidine, pyrrolo-cytidine, pyrrolo-pseudoisocytidine, 2-thio-cytidine, 2-thio-5-methyl-cytidine, 4-thio-pseudoisocytidine, 4-thio-1-methyl-pseudoisocytidine, 4-thio-1-methyl-1-deaza-pseudoisocytidine, 1-methyl-1-deaza-pseudoisocytidine, zebularine, 5-aza-zebularine, 5-methyl-zebularine, 5-aza-2-thio-zebularine, 2-thio-zebularine, 2-methoxy-cytidine, 2-methoxy-5-methyl-cytidine, 4-methoxy-pseudoisocytidine, 4-methoxy-1-methyl-pseudoisocytidine, 2-aminopurine, 2,6-diaminopurine, 7-deaza-adenine, 7-deaza-8-aza-adenine, 7-deaza-2-aminopurine, 7-deaza-8-aza-2-aminopurine, 7-deaza-2,6-diaminopurine, 7-deaza-8-aza-2,6-diaminopurine, 1-methyladenosine, N6-methyladenosine, N6-isopentenyladenosine, N6-(cis-hydroxyisopentenyl)adenosine, 2-methylthio-N6-(cis-hydroxyisopentenyl)adenosine, N6-glycinylcarbamoyladenosine, N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine, 2-methylthio-N6-threonyl carbamoyladenosine, N6,N6-dimethyladenosine, 7-methyladenine, 2-methylthio-adenine, and 2-methoxy-adenine, inosine, 1-methyl-inosine, wyosine, wybutosine, 7-deaza-guanosine, 7-deaza-8-aza-guanosine, 6-thio-guanosine, 6-thio-7-deaza-guanosine, 6-thio-7-deaza-8-aza-guanosine, 7-methyl-guanosine, 6-thio-7-methyl-guanosine, 7-methylinosine, 6-methoxy-guanosine, 1-methylguanosine, N2-methylguanosine, N2,N2-dimethylguanosine, 8-oxo-guanosine, 7-methyl-8-oxo-guanosine, 1-methyl-6-thio-guanosine, N2-methyl-6-thio-guanosine, and N2,N2-dimethyl-6-thio-guanosine, and combinations thereof.

Also provided herein in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

-   -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid         sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding         ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid         sequence encoding LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding         PRDM5, wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably         linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that         supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing         an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16 a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding VDR.

Provided herein in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

-   -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid         sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding         PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid         sequence encoding PRDM5; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;         a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic acid sequence         encoding MSI2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3; a         nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1; and a nucleic acid         sequence encoding RBPMS; wherein each said nucleic acid sequence         is operably linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that         supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing         an iHSC.

Provided herein in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

-   -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467, a nucleic         acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding         HOXB4; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2; wherein each         said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that         supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing         an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37.

Provided herein in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

-   -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic acid         sequence encoding MSI2, a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3;         and a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; wherein each said         nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that         supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing         an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB5; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB3; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP521.

Provided herein in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

-   -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic         acid sequence encoding PBX1, a nucleic acid sequence encoding         LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and a nucleic         acid sequence encoding ZFP521; wherein each said nucleic acid         sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that         supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing         an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding EGR1.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

-   -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1; a nucleic         acid sequence encoding RBPMS; a nucleic acid sequence encoding         ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; and a nucleic         acid sequence encoding LMO2; wherein each said nucleic acid         sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that         supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing         an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

-   -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic         acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic acid sequence encoding         LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; wherein each         said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that         supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing         an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

-   -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic         acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic acid sequence encoding         LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; wherein each         said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that         supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing         an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF4.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the somatic cell is a fibroblast cell.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the somatic cell is a hematopoietic lineage cell.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the hematopoietic lineage cell is selected from promyelocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, reticulocytes, erythrocytes, mast cells, osteoclasts, megakaryoblasts, platelet producing megakaryocytes, platelets, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, innate lymphocytes, multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells, oligopotent hematopoietic progenitor cells, and lineage restricted hematopoietic progenitors.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the hematopoietic lineage cell is selected from a multi-potent progenitor cell (MPP), common myeloid progenitor cell (CMP), granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells (GMP), common lymphoid progenitor cell (CLP), and pre-megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor cell.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the hematopoietic lineage cell is selected from a megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor cell (MEP), a ProB cell, a PreB cell, a PreProB cell, a ProT cell, a double-negative T cell, a pro-NK cell, a pro-dendritic cell (pro-DC), pre-granulocyte/macrophage cell, a granulocyte/macrophage progenitor (GMP) cell, and a pro-mast cell (ProMC).

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are methods of promoting transdifferentiation of a ProPreB cell to the myeloid lineage comprising:

-   -   a. transducing a ProPreB cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467, a nucleic         acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding         HOXB4; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2; wherein each         said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced ProPreB cell in a cell media that         supports growth of myeloid lineage cells, thereby         transdifferentiating the ProPreB cell to the myeloid lineage.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are methods of increasing survival and/or proliferation of ProPreB cells, comprising:

-   -   a. transducing a ProPreB cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic         acid sequence encoding PBX1, a nucleic acid sequence encoding         LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and a nucleic         acid sequence encoding ZFP521; wherein each said nucleic acid         sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced ProPreB cell in a cell media that         supports growth of ProPreB cells, thereby increasing survival         and/or proliferation of ProPreB cells.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding EGR1.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are isolated induced hematopoietic stem cells (iHSCs) produced using any of the HSC inducing compositions or methods described herein.

In some aspects, provided herein are cell clones comprising a plurality of the induced hematopoietic stem cells (iHSCs) produced using any of the HSC inducing compositions or methods described herein. In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the cell clones further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are kits for making induced hematopoietic stem cells (iHSCs), the kits comprising any of the HSC inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vector components described herein.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are kits for making induced hematopoietic stem cells (iHSCs), the kits comprising any of the HSC inducing compositions comprising modified mRNA sequence components described herein.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, and MEIS1

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, and LMO2.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; and

a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; and

a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2;

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the one or more expression vectors are lentiviral vectors. In some embodiments, the lentiviral vectors are inducible lentiviral vectors. In some embodiments, the lentiviral vectors are polycistronic inducible lentiviral vectors. In some embodiments, the polycistronic inducible lentiviral vectors express three or more nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, each of the nucleic acid sequences of the polycistronic inducible lentiviral vectors are separated by 2A peptide sequences.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, and MEIS1.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, and LMO2.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising: a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37; a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM5; a modified mRNA sequence encoding MEIS1; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding MYCN; wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37; a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising: transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN, wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and

culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing an iHSC.

Provided herein in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising: transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5, wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing an iHSC.

As demonstrated herein, the use of polycistronic viral expression systems can increase the in vivo reprogramming efficiency of somatic cells to iHSCs. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the aspects described herein, a polycistronic lentiviral vector is used. In such embodiments, sequences encoding two or more of the HSC inducing factors described herein, are expressed from a single promoter, as a polycistronic transcript. We used 2A peptide strategy to make polycistronic vectors (see, e.g., Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2005 May; 5(5):627-38). Polycistronic expression vector systems can also use internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) elements to create multigene, or polycistronic, messages. IRES elements are able to bypass the ribosome scanning model of 5′-methylated Cap dependent translation and begin translation at internal sites (Pelletier and Sonenberg, 1988). IRES elements can be linked to heterologous open reading frames. Multiple open reading frames can be transcribed together, each separated by an IRES, thus creating polycistronic messages. By virtue of the IRES element, each open reading frame is accessible to ribosomes for efficient translation. Multiple genes can be efficiently expressed using a single promoter/enhancer to transcribe a single message. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,980,285; 5,925,565; 5,631,150; 5,707,828; 5,759,828; 5,888,783; 5,919,670; and 5,935,819; and Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Press (1989).

DEFINITIONS

For convenience, certain terms employed herein, in the specification, examples and appended claims are collected here. Unless stated otherwise, or implicit from context, the following terms and phrases include the meanings provided below. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, or apparent from context, the terms and phrases below do not exclude the meaning that the term or phrase has acquired in the art to which it pertains. The definitions are provided to aid in describing particular embodiments, and are not intended to limit the claimed invention, because the scope of the invention is limited only by the claims. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

The term “HSC inducing factor,” as used herein, refers to a developmental potential altering factor, as that term is defined herein, such as a protein, RNA, or small molecule, the expression of which contributes to the reprogramming of a cell, e.g. a somatic cell, to the HSC state. An HSC inducing factor can be, for example, transcription factors that can reprogram cells to the HSC state, such as HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS, and the like, including any gene, protein, RNA or small molecule that can substitute for one or more of these factors in a method of making iHSCs in vitro. In some embodiments, exogenous expression of an HSC inducing factor induces endogenous expression of one or more HSC inducing factors, such that exogenous expression of the one or more HSC inducing factor is no longer required for stable maintenance of the cell in the iHSC state.

As used herein, the terms “developmental potential” or “developmental potency” refer to the total of all developmental cell fates or cell types that can be achieved by a given cell upon differentiation. Thus, a cell with greater or higher developmental potential can differentiate into a greater variety of different cell types than a cell having a lower or decreased developmental potential. The developmental potential of a cell can range from the highest developmental potential of a totipotent cell, which, in addition to being able to give rise to all the cells of an organism, can give rise to extra-embryonic tissues; to a “unipotent cell,” which has the capacity to differentiate into only one type of tissue or cell type, but has the property of self-renewal, as described herein; to a “terminally differentiated cell,” which has the lowest developmental potential. A cell with “parental developmental potential” refers to a cell having the developmental potential of the parent cell that gave rise to it.

The term “multipotent” when used in reference to a “multipotent cell” refers to a cell that has the developmental potential to differentiate into cells of one or more germ layers, but not all three. Thus, a multipotent cell can also be termed a “partially differentiated cell.” Multipotent cells are well known in the art, and examples of multipotent cells include adult stem cells, such as for example, hematopoietic stem cells and neural stem cells. “Multipotent” indicates that a cell may form many types of cells in a given lineage, but not cells of other lineages. For example, a multipotent hematopoietic cell can form all of the many different types of blood cells (red, white, platelets, etc. . . . ), but it cannot form neurons. Accordingly, the term “multipotency” refers to a state of a cell with a degree of developmental potential that is less than totipotent and pluripotent.

The terms “stem cell” or “undifferentiated cell” as used herein, refer to a cell in an undifferentiated or partially differentiated state that has the property of self-renewal and has the developmental potential to differentiate into multiple cell types, without a specific implied meaning regarding developmental potential (i.e., totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, etc.). A stem cell is capable of proliferation and giving rise to more such stem cells while maintaining its developmental potential. In theory, self-renewal can occur by either of two major mechanisms. Stem cells can divide asymmetrically, which is known as obligatory asymmetrical differentiation, with one daughter cell retaining the developmental potential of the parent stem cell and the other daughter cell expressing some distinct other specific function, phenotype and/or developmental potential from the parent cell. The daughter cells themselves can be induced to proliferate and produce progeny that subsequently differentiate into one or more mature cell types, while also retaining one or more cells with parental developmental potential. A differentiated cell may derive from a multipotent cell, which itself is derived from a multipotent cell, and so on. While each of these multipotent cells can be considered stem cells, the range of cell types each such stem cell can give rise to, i.e., their developmental potential, can vary considerably. Alternatively, some of the stem cells in a population can divide symmetrically into two stem cells, known as stochastic differentiation, thus maintaining some stem cells in the population as a whole, while other cells in the population give rise to differentiated progeny only. Accordingly, the term “stem cell” refers to any subset of cells that have the developmental potential, under particular circumstances, to differentiate to a more specialized or differentiated phenotype, and which retain the capacity, under certain circumstances, to proliferate without substantially differentiating. In some embodiments, the term stem cell refers generally to a naturally occurring parent cell whose descendants (progeny cells) specialize, often in different directions, by differentiation, e.g., by acquiring completely individual characters, as occurs in progressive diversification of embryonic cells and tissues. Some differentiated cells also have the capacity to give rise to cells of greater developmental potential. Such capacity may be natural or may be induced artificially upon treatment with various factors. Cells that begin as stem cells might proceed toward a differentiated phenotype, but then can be induced to “reverse” and re-express the stem cell phenotype, a term often referred to as “dedifferentiation” or “reprogramming” or “retrodifferentiation” by persons of ordinary skill in the art, and as used herein.

In the context of cell ontogeny, the term “differentiate”, or “differentiating” is a relative term that refers to a developmental process by which a cell has progressed further down a developmental pathway than its immediate precursor cell. Thus in some embodiments, a reprogrammed cell as the term is defined herein, can differentiate to a lineage-restricted precursor cell (such as a common lymphoid progenitor), which in turn can differentiate into other types of precursor cells further down the pathway (such as a ProBPreB cell, for example), and then to an end-stage differentiated cells, which play a characteristic role in a certain tissue type, and may or may not retain the capacity to proliferate further.

“Transdifferentiation,” as used herein refers to a process by which the phenotype of a cell can be switched to that of another cell type, without the formation of a multipotent intermediate cell. Thus, when transdifferentiation methods are employed, it is not required that the cell first be de-differentiated (or reprogrammed) to a multipotent cell and then differentiated to another hematopoietic lineage cell; rather the cell type is merely “switched” from one cell type to another without first forming a multipotent iHSC phenotype, for example.

As used herein, the term “without the formation of a multipotent or pluripotent intermediate cell” refers to the transdifferentiation of one cell type to another cell type, preferably, in one step; thus a method that modifies the differentiated phenotype or developmental potential of a cell without the formation of a multipotent or pluripotent intermediate cell does not require that the cell be first dedifferentiated (or reprogrammed) to a multipotent state and then differentiated to another cell type.

The term “expression” refers to the cellular processes involved in producing RNA and proteins and as appropriate, secreting proteins, including where applicable, but not limited to, for example, transcription, translation, folding, modification and processing. “Expression products” include RNA transcribed from a gene, and polypeptides obtained by translation of mRNA transcribed from a gene. In some embodiments, an expression product is transcribed from a sequence that does not encode a polypeptide, such as a microRNA.

As used herein, the term “transcription factor” or “TF” refers to a protein that binds to specific parts of DNA using DNA binding domains and is part of the system that controls the transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA.

As used herein, the term “small molecule” refers to a chemical agent which can include, but is not limited to, a peptide, a peptidomimetic, an amino acid, an amino acid analog, a polynucleotide, a polynucleotide analog, an aptamer, a nucleotide, a nucleotide analog, an organic or inorganic compound (e.g., including heterorganic and organometallic compounds) having a molecular weight less than about 10,000 grams per mole, organic or inorganic compounds having a molecular weight less than about 5,000 grams per mole, organic or inorganic compounds having a molecular weight less than about 1,000 grams per mole, organic or inorganic compounds having a molecular weight less than about 500 grams per mole, and salts, esters, and other pharmaceutically acceptable forms of such compounds.

The term “exogenous” as used herein refers to a nucleic acid (e.g., a synthetic, modified RNA encoding a transcription factor), or a protein (e.g., a transcription factor) that has been introduced by a process involving the hand of man into a biological system such as a cell or organism in which it is not normally found, or in which it is found in lower amounts. A factor (e.g. a synthetic, modified RNA encoding a transcription factor, or a protein, e.g., a polypeptide) is considered exogenous if it is introduced into an immediate precursor cell or a progeny cell that inherits the substance. In contrast, the term “endogenous” refers to a factor or expression product that is native to the biological system or cell (e.g., endogenous expression of a gene, such as, e.g., HLF refers to production of an HLF polypeptide by the endogenous gene in a cell).

The term “isolated” or “partially purified” as used herein refers, in the case of a nucleic acid or polypeptide, to a nucleic acid or polypeptide separated from at least one other component (e.g., nucleic acid or polypeptide) that is present with the nucleic acid or polypeptide as found in its natural source and/or that would be present with the nucleic acid or polypeptide when expressed by a cell, or secreted in the case of secreted polypeptides. A chemically synthesized nucleic acid or polypeptide or one synthesized using in vitro transcription/translation is considered “isolated”.

The term “isolated cell” as used herein refers to a cell that has been removed from an organism in which it was originally found, or a descendant of such a cell. Optionally the cell has been cultured in vitro, e.g., in the presence of other cells. Optionally, the cell is later introduced into a second organism or re-introduced into the organism from which it (or the cell or population of cells from which it descended) was isolated.

The term “isolated population” with respect to an isolated population of cells as used herein refers to a population of cells that has been removed and separated from a mixed or heterogeneous population of cells. In some embodiments, an isolated population is a “substantially pure” population of cells as compared to the heterogeneous population from which the cells were isolated or enriched. In some embodiments, the isolated population is an isolated population of multipotent cells which comprise a substantially pure population of multipotent cells as compared to a heterogeneous population of somatic cells from which the multipotent cells were derived.

The term “immediate precursor cell” is used herein to refer to a parental cell from which a daughter cell has arisen by cell division.

The term “contacting” or “contact” as used herein in connection with contacting a cell with one or more constructs, viral vectors, or synthetic, modified RNAs, includes subjecting a cell to a culture medium which comprises one or more constructs, viral vectors, or synthetic, modified RNAs at least one time, or a plurality of times, or to a method whereby such constructs, viral vectors, or synthetic, modified RNAs are forced to contact a cell at least one time, or a plurality of times, i.e., a transduction or a transfection system. Where such a cell is in vivo, contacting the cell with a construct, viral vector, or synthetic, modified RNA includes administering the construct(s), viral vector(s), or synthetic, modified RNA(s) in a composition, such as a pharmaceutical composition, to a subject via an appropriate administration route, such that the compound contacts the cell in vivo.

The term “transfection” as used herein refers the use of methods, such as chemical methods, to introduce exogenous nucleic acids, such as synthetic, modified RNAs, into a cell, preferably a eukaryotic cell. As used herein, the term transfection does not encompass viral-based methods of introducing exogenous nucleic acids into a cell. Methods of transfection include physical treatments (electroporation, nanoparticles, magnetofection), and chemical-based transfection methods. Chemical-based transfection methods include, but are not limited to, cyclodextrin, polymers, liposomes, and nanoparticles. In some embodiments, cationic lipids or mixtures thereof can be used to transfect the synthetic, modified RNAs described herein, into a cell, such as DOPA, Lipofectamine and UptiFectin. In some embodiments, cationic polymers such as DEAE-dextran or polyethylenimine, can be used to transfect a synthetic, modified RNAs described herein.

The term “transduction” as used herein refers to the use of viral particles or viruses to introduce exogenous nucleic acids, such as nucleic acid sequences encoding HSC inducing factors, into a cell.

As used herein, the term “transfection reagent” refers to any agent that induces uptake of a nucleic acid into a host cell. Also encompassed are agents that enhance uptake e.g., by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, at least 1-fold, at least 2-fold, at least 5-fold, at least 10-fold, at least 25-fold, at least 500-fold, at least 100-fold, at least 1000-fold, or more, compared to a nucleic acid sequence administered in the absence of such a reagent. In some embodiments, a cationic or non-cationic lipid molecule useful for preparing a composition or for co-administration with a synthetic, modified RNA is used as a transfection reagent. In other embodiments, the synthetic, modified RNA comprises a chemical linkage to attach e.g., a ligand, a peptide group, a lipophilic group, a targeting moiety etc. In other embodiments, the transfection reagent comprises a charged lipid, an emulsion, a liposome, a cationic or non-cationic lipid, an anionic lipid, or a penetration enhancer as known in the art or described herein.

As used herein, the term “repeated transfections” refers to repeated transfection of the same cell culture with a nucleic acid, such as a synthetic, modified RNA, a plurality of times (e.g., more than once or at least twice). In some embodiments, the cell culture is transfected at least twice, at least 3 times, at least 4 times, at least 5 times, at least 6 times, at least 7 times, at least 8 times, at least 9 times, at least 10 times, at least 11 times, at least 12 times, at least 13 times, at least 14 times, at least 15 times, at least 16 times, at least 17 times at least 18 times, at least 19 times, at least 20 times, at least 25 times, at least 30 times, at least 35 times, at least 40 times, at least 45 times, at least 50 times or more. The transfections can be repeated until a desired phenotype of the cell is achieved.

The time between each repeated transfection is referred to herein as the “frequency of transfection.” In some embodiments, the frequency of transfection occurs every 6 h, every 12 h, every 24 h, every 36 h, every 48 h, every 60 h, every 72 h, every 96 h, every 108 h, every 5 days, every 7 days, every 10 days, every 14 days, every 3 weeks, or more during a given time period in any developmental potential altering regimen. The frequency can also vary, such that the interval between each dose is different (e.g., first interval 36 h, second interval 48 h, third interval 72 h etc). It should be understood depending upon the schedule and duration of repeated transfections, it will often be necessary to split or passage cells or change or replace the media during the transfection regimen to prevent overgrowth and replace nutrients. For the purposes of the methods described herein, transfections of a culture resulting from passaging an earlier transfected culture is considered “repeated transfection,” “repeated contacting” or “contacting a plurality of times,” unless specifically indicated otherwise.

As used herein, the terms “nucleic acid,” “polynucleotide,” and “oligonucleotide” generally refer to any polyribonucleotide or poly-deoxyribonucleotide, and includes unmodified RNA, unmodified DNA, modified RNA, and modified DNA. Polynucleotides include, without limitation, single- and double-stranded DNA and RNA polynucleotides. The term polynucleotide, as it is used herein, embraces chemically, enzymatically or metabolically modified forms of polynucleotides, as well as the naturally occurring chemical forms of DNA and RNA found in or characteristic of viruses and cells, including for example, simple (prokaryotic) and complex (eukaryotic) cells. A nucleic acid polynucleotide or oligonucleotide as described herein retains the ability to hybridize to its cognate complimentary strand.

Accordingly, as used herein, the terms “nucleic acid,” “polynucleotide,” and “oligonucleotide” also encompass primers and probes, as well as oligonucleotide fragments, and is generic to polydeoxyribonucleotides (containing 2-deoxy-D-ribose), to polyribonucleotides (containing D-ribose), and to any other type of polynucleotide which is an N-glycoside of a purine or pyrimidine base, or modified purine or pyrimidine bases (including, but not limited to, abasic sites). There is no intended distinction in length between the term “nucleic acid,” “polynucleotide,” and “oligonucleotide,” and these terms are used interchangeably. These terms refer only to the primary structure of the molecule. An oligonucleotide is not necessarily physically derived from any existing or natural sequence, but can be generated in any manner, including chemical synthesis, DNA replication, DNA amplification, in vitro transcription, reverse transcription or any combination thereof

The terms “nucleotide” or “mononucleotide,” as used herein, refer to a phosphate ester of a nucleoside, e.g., mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraphosphate esters, wherein the most common site of esterification is the hydroxyl group attached to the C-5 position of the pentose (or equivalent position of a non-pentose “sugar moiety”). The term “nucleotide” includes both a conventional nucleotide and a non-conventional nucleotide which includes, but is not limited to, phosphorothioate, phosphite, ring atom modified derivatives, and the like.

As used herein, the term “conventional nucleotide” refers to one of the “naturally occurring” deoxynucleotides (dNTPs), including dATP, dTTP (or TTP), dCTP, dGTP, dUTP, and dITP.

As used herein, the term “non-conventional nucleotide” refers to a nucleotide that is not a naturally occurring nucleotide. The term “naturally occurring” refers to a nucleotide that exists in nature without human intervention. In contradistinction, the term “non-conventional nucleotide” refers to a nucleotide that exists only with human intervention, i.e., an “artificial nucleotide.” A “non-conventional nucleotide” can include a nucleotide in which the pentose sugar and/or one or more of the phosphate esters is replaced with a respective analog. Exemplary phosphate ester analogs include, but are not limited to, alkylphosphonates, methylphosphonates, phosphoramidates, phosphotriesters, phosphorothioates, phosphorodithioates, phosphoroselenoates, phosphorodiselenoates, phosphoroanilothioates, phosphoroanilidates, phosphoroamidates, boronophosphates, etc., including any associated counterions, if present. A non-conventional nucleotide can show a preference of base pairing with another non-conventional or “artificial” nucleotide over a conventional nucleotide (e.g., as described in Ohtsuki et al. 2001, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 98: 4922-4925, hereby incorporated by reference). The base pairing ability may be measured by the T7 transcription assay as described in Ohtsuki et al. (supra). Other non-limiting examples of “non-conventional” or “artificial” nucleotides can be found in Lutz et al. (1998) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 8: 1149-1152); Voegel and Benner (1996) Helv. Chim Acta 76, 1863-1880; Horlacher et al. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 92: 6329-6333; Switzer et al. (1993), Biochemistry 32:10489-10496; Tor and Dervan (1993) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115: 4461-4467; Piccirilli et al. (1991) Biochemistry 30: 10350-10356; Switzer et al. (1989) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111: 8322-8323, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference. A “non-conventional nucleotide” can also be a degenerate nucleotide or an intrinsically fluorescent nucleotide.

As used herein the term “modified ribonucleoside” refers to a ribonucleoside that encompasses modification(s) relative to the standard guanine (G), adenine (A), cytosine (C), and uracil (U) nucleosides. Such modifications can include, for example, modifications normally introduced post-transcriptionally to mammalian cell mRNA, and artificial chemical modifications, as known to one of skill in the art.

As used herein, the terms “synthetic, modified RNA” or “modified RNA” or “modified mRNA” refer to an RNA molecule produced in vitro which comprises at least one modified nucleoside as that term is defined herein below. The modified mRNAs do not encompass mRNAs that are isolated from natural sources such as cells, tissue, organs etc., having those modifications, but rather only synthetic, modified RNAs that are synthesized using in vitro techniques, as described herein. The term “composition,” as applied to the terms “synthetic, modified RNA” or “modified RNA,” encompasses a plurality of different synthetic, modified RNA molecules (e.g., at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 11, at least 12, at least 13, at least 14, at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 90, at least 100 synthetic, modified RNA molecules or more). In some embodiments, a synthetic, modified RNA composition can further comprise other agents (e.g., an inhibitor of interferon expression or activity, a transfection reagent, etc.). Such a plurality can include synthetic, modified RNA of different sequences (e.g., coding for different polypeptides), synthetic, modified RNAs of the same sequence with differing modifications, or any combination thereof.

As used herein the term “modified nucleoside” refers to a ribonucleoside that encompasses modification(s) relative to the standard guanine (G), adenine (A), cytidine (C), and uridine (U) nucleosides. Such modifications can include, for example, modifications normally introduced post-transcriptionally to mammalian cell mRNA, and artificial chemical modifications, as known to one of skill in the art.

As used herein, the term “polypeptide” refers to a polymer of amino acids comprising at least 2 amino acids (e.g., at least 5, at least 10, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 60, at least 70, at least 80, at least 90, at least 100, at least 125, at least 150, at least 175, at least 200, at least 225, at least 250, at least 275, at least 300, at least 350, at least 400, at least 450, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, at least 800, at least 900, at least 1000, at least 2000, at least 3000, at least 4000, at least 5000, at least 6000, at least 7000, at least 8000, at least 9000, at least 10,000 amino acids or more). The terms “protein” and “polypeptide” are used interchangeably herein. As used herein, the term “peptide” refers to a relatively short polypeptide, typically between about 2 and 60 amino acids in length.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts a schematic of hematopoietic differentiation showing populations (boxes) for which microarray data has been generated. Data generated herein is shown in thin-line boxes, and by other groups in thick-line boxes. Whereas hematopoietic differentiation normally proceeds from HSCs to differentiated blood effector cells, the results described herein aim to utilize HSC-enriched transcription factors to reprogram committed hematopoietic cells back to HSCs (large arrow). Throughout this proposal HSCs are purified by stringent cell surface criteria (e.g., ckit⁺Sca1⁺lineage⁻CD48⁻flk2⁻CD150⁺CD34⁻), as well as for fetal liver HSCs (e.g., ckit⁺Sca1⁺lineage−CD48⁻CD150⁺Mac1^(low)).

FIG. 2 depicts an overview of the approaches described herein for identifying factors capable of reprogramming committed hematopoietic cells back to HSCs.

FIG. 3 depicts gene discovery using the hematopoietic expression database. Heat map of expression of genes enriched in 6 different hematopoietic populations. Each column reflects microarray data from a hematopoietic subset (40 populations represented). Erythroid progenitors include MEP, pre-CFU-E and CFU-E. Expressed was visualized as red; Not expressed was visualized as blue. * Asterisk denotes genes with known roles in specifying the fate and/or function of the indicated cell type.

FIGS. 4A-4B depict an overview of experimental approaches and experimental populations. FIG. 4A depicts experimental approaches for screening induced HSCs (iHSCs) through expression of multiple critical HSC-enriched transcription factors by in vitro and in vivo methods. CD45.2 transgenic (rtTA) mice are used to identify congenic donor cells in transplant experiments using recipient CD45.1 host mice. Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) and Pro/Pre B Cells were sorted out of the bone marrow of CD45.2 transgenic mice. Sorted cells were incubated for 14 hours with ZsGreen control (VC) or a viral cocktail of HSC-specific factors. ZsGr+ cells were resorted two days post doxycycline addition. Resorted ZsGr+ CMPs and ProPreB Cells were put into a CFC myeloid colony forming assays (scored for colony numbers and morphology 20 days later) or transplanted into conditioned IR CD45.1+ recipient mice. Peripheral bleeds were performed up to 16 weeks as to define the short and long term reconstitution potential of cells. Mice identified with adequate multi-lineage reconstitution were euthanized and donor derived cells sorted from the bone marrow to be transplanted into conditioned secondary CD45.1 recipients; also full analysis of the bone marrow, spleen and thymus was performed. FIG. 4B depict CMPs and PrePro B cells that were predominately chosen as our starting populations so that we could demonstrate experimental reprogramming from the first defined committed blood cells in BOTH the B cell lineage and the myeloid lineage. These cell populations were identified using the phenotypic markers listed.

FIGS. 5A-5C depict heat maps of HSC-enriched transcription factors. The Rossi Lab and others put together a detailed database including mRNA expression profiles for over 248 defined progenitor and effector sub populations. FIG. 5A depicts an expression profile heat map for 37 HSC-enriched reprogramming factors. Columns represent microarray data for 40 distinct FACs sorted populations. * Denotes factors chosen because of their developmental importance. Expressed was visualized as red; Not expressed was visualized as blue. FIG. 5B shows that all HSC-enriched factors were placed into a doxycycline inducible tet-on system based in the pHAGE2 lentiviral vector. Only exception to this vector map from addgene is that a CMV promoter is used in the systems described herein. Heat Map of expanded set of identified HSC-enriched Transcription Factors. FIG. 5C depicts an expression profile heat map for 46 HSC-enriched putative reprogramming factors. Columns represent microarray data for 40 distinct FACs sorted populations. * Expressed was visualized as red; Not expressed was visualized as blue.

FIGS. 6A-6D depict isolation strategies for Pro and Pre B cells. FIG. 6A shows ProPre B cells that are sorted from the bone marrow by placing total bone marrow through a magnetic B220 enrichment column. Enrichment increases B220⁺CD19⁺ B cells from 15% to 85% in their respective populations; through Aria cell sorting the purity of the sample increases further to 99-100%. (RT stands for the B220⁻ run through from the column) FIG. 6B depicts a orting strategy to obtain ProPreB Cells that is demonstrated by flow histograms. FIG. 6C shows overall purity for each of the following samples: overall B220 enriched (top panel), reanalyzed sorted Pro B cells (Middle panel) and reanalyzed sorted Pre B cells (Bottom Panel). By showing CD25 expression vs. B220 expression we demonstrate not only that Pro and Pre B cells can be effectively sorted but can also be distinguished via phenotypic markers and sorting. FIG. 6D depicts overall sort purity of Pre B cells and Pro B Cells in each of the populations collected; indicating proficient sorting of ProPre B Cells (RT stands for the B220⁻ run through from the column).

FIGS. 7A-7B depict an isolation strategy for CMPs. FIG. 7A shows CMP cells that are sorted from the bone marrow by placing total bone marrow through a magnetic c-kit enrichment column. The indicated gating strategy isolated singlet, live, lineage negative, hematopoietic progenitors. FIG. 7B shows that enrichment increases CMP levels and furthermore that using aria cell sorting, a purity of 99-100% is achieved.

FIGS. 8A-8C demonstrate transduction and inducible expression of HSC-enriched transcription factors (TFs) in hematopoietic progenitors. FIG. 8A shows transduction of multi-potent progenitors (MPPs) with lentiviruses bearing 8 different TFs (LV1-LV-8). Cells were cultured in the presence of doxycycline (Dox) for 5 days followed by flow cytometry. FIG. 8B shows peripheral blood of a recipient transplanted with TF-transduced MPPs and maintained on Dox for 4 weeks (left panel), followed by 2 weeks Dox-off (right panel). FIG. 8C shows viral mediated expression of putative reprogramming factors in vitro. Quantitative RT-PCR for the indicated genes showing their relative expression within primary hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or multi-potent progenitors (MPPs), and in primary cells that were transduced with LV encoding the indicated factor and cultured for 1 week. The mRNA levels in overexpressing cells was calculated by dividing to the expression levels in primary HSCs. Results show Hlf at 8-fold, Nap113 at 110-fold, Rbpms at 20-fold and Runx1′ at 40-fold above endogenous levels.

FIGS. 9A-9C demonstrate that Pro/Pre B Cells and CMPs can be transduced with doxycycline inducible viral cocktails. FIG. 9A shows B220+ CD19+ B Cells that were sorted from the bone marrow; cells were incubated for 14 hours with nothing (non trans), control ZsGr Virus (VC) or a viral cocktail that express 28 HSC-enriched factors (VM). Doxycycline (dox) was added for 24 hours. An increase in ZsGr+ cells is observed when the VM is used on cells in comparison to non transduced cells. FIG. 9B shows B220+ CD19+ B cells that were further analyzed in the presence and absence of dox in three independent trials. In the absence of Dox few ZsGr+ cells are observed however regardless of using VC or VM the addition of Dox increases ZsGr expression in the population. Addition of dox tightly regulates ZsGr expression and therein gene expression. FIG. 9C shows pre B Cells, Pro B Cells, and CMPs that were sorted out of the bone marrow and incubated for 14 hours with VC or VM and left with Dox for two days before analysis. ProPreBCells and CMPs can be transduced with the viral cocktail to express HSC-enriched factors.

FIGS. 10A-10D demonstrate that combinatorial TF expression increases ProPreB and CMP CFC colony number and alters lineage potential. ProPre B Cells and CMPs were sorted using phenotypic markers on the Aria Sorter. Cells were incubated with ZsGr control virus (VC) or a viral cocktail (VM) for 14 hours in S-clone media containing SCF, TPO and IL-12 (In the case of ProPreB Cells, IL-7 and Flk3). Dox was added for 24 hours and cells were resorted for ZsGr+ cells. ZsGr+ cells were placed into methylcellulose media in a 6 well plate format containing SCF, TPO and IL-12 (For ProPreB Cells IL-7 and Flk3). Colony forming potential was assayed on day 20. FIG. 10A shows examples of types of cells observed during determination of colony morphology. FIG. 10B depicts representative pictures that were taken of the Transduced ProPreB ZsGreen control (VC) and Viral mixture of 37 factors (VM) CFC plates. FIG. 10C shows increasing number of cells that were plated to find an effective plating density of both ProPreBCells and CMPs. 2×10⁵ ProPre B Cells and 1×10⁴ CMPs were used in further experiments. Experiments were repeated in two individual trials. FIG. 10D shows colony number and composition that were determined and noted for all colonies. Increased colony number is observed when ProPreB Cells and CMPs were transduced with the cocktail of 37 factors as compared to the ZsGreen control (VC). Experiments were done in duplicates for four trials.

FIG. 11 demonstrates that exposure to 18 putative reprogramming factors embues multi-potent progenitors with robust long-term multi-lineage engraftment potential in vivo. Multi-potent progenitors (MPP=Lineage⁻Sca1⁺ckit⁺CD150⁻) were sorted and transduced with either control virus of a lentiviral mix containing Hlf, MycN, Meis1, Irf6, Cdkn1c, Nfix, Dnmt3b, Zfp612, Prdm5, HoxB4, Lmo2, Nkx2-3, RarB, Ndn, Nap113, Runx1t1, Zfp467, Zfp532. Transduced cells were transplanted into irradiated congenic recipients along with competitive WBM. Peripheral-blood chimerism is indicated at timepoints post-transplant showing that exposure to these factors greatly improved long-term donor engraftment.

FIG. 12 demonstrates that exposure to 9 putative reprogramming factors embues multi-potent progenitors with robust long-term multi-lineage engraftment potential in vivo. MPPs from CD45.2 or congenic CD45.1 donors were sorted as LSKCD34+flk2+ and equal numbers of cells were transduced with either control virus (into CD45.1 cells) of a lentiviral mix containing 9 factors, including Evi-1, Glis2, HoxB5, HoxA9, HLF, Meis1, MycN, Prdm16, Runx1 (CD45.2 cells). Cells were transplanted into irradiated CD45.1/CD45.2 F1 recipients along with CD45.1/CD45.2 competitor bone marrow (2e5 cells). Transgene-expression was sustained with doxycycline (dox-on) for 18 weeks (upper panel) followed by removal of Doxycycline for the remainder of the experiment (dox-off). Peripheral blood chimerism was measured at 20 and 25 weeks (lower panel) showing that in contrast to control transduced MPPs (CD45.1), 9-factor transduced MPPS retained rebust long-term repopulating activity. Panel on lower right: Engraftment from 9-factor transduction is multi-lineage. Donor-derived cells were stained for Mac1, Gr-1, CD3, CD8 and B220 revealing the presence of donor-derived, macrophage/monocytes, granulocytes, T-cells and B-cells.

FIGS. 13A-13B demonstrate long-term multi-lineage reconstitution of multi-potent progenitors (MPPs) transduced with HSC-enriched transcription factors (TFs). FIG. 13A. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood of a recipient transplanted with MPPs (ckit+Sca1+lineage−CD150−flk2+CD34+) transduced with control virus (top panel), or a cocktail of 17 different TFs (lower panel), 20 weeks post-transplant. Equal numbers of MPPs from the same initial sort were transplanted. FIG. 13B. Donor chimerism 20 weeks post-transplant of mice described in (FIG. 13A). Results show that only the TF-transduced MPPs yielded long-term multi-lineage reconstitution of T-cells, B-cells and myeloid cells, whereas control cells only gave rise to lymphoid cells as expected. All recipients receiving TF-transduced cells were multi-lineage reconstituted suggesting that reprogramming was not a rare event. n=4 recipients for each control and 17-TF. 17 factors in this experiment included: Hlf, MycN, Meis1, Irf6, Nfix, Dnmt3b, Zfp612, Prdm5, HoxB4, Lmo2, Nkx2-3, RarB, Ndn, Nap113, Runx1t1, Zfp467, Zfp532.

FIG. 14 demonstrates that exposure to 8 putative reprogramming factors embues multi-potent progenitors with robust long-term multi-lineage engraftment potential in vivo. Multi-potent progenitors (MPP=Lineage⁻Sca1⁺ckit⁺CD150⁻flk2⁺CD34⁺) were sorted and transduced with with either control virus of a lentiviral mix containing Runx1t1, HLF Zfp467 Rbpms hoxb5 nap113 msi2 Irf6. Transduced cells were transplanted into irradiated congenic recipients along with competitive WBM. Peripheral-blood chimerism is indicated at 16 weeks post-transplant showing that exposure to these factors led to long-term donor multi-lineage engraftment (bottom panel) in contrast to control transduced cells (top panel). Doxycline was maintained on for 2 weeks post-transplant followed by dox-removal.

FIG. 15 depicts using peripheral bleeds to test donor derived chimerism. Shown here is an example gating strategy on a peripheral bleeds done at 8 weeks on a transplanted mouse with ProPreB cells transduced with a cocktail of viruses that individually encode for expression of 37 transcription factors.

FIGS. 16A-16C demonstrate that ProPreB Cell transplantation confers multi-lineage peripheral reconstitution when factors are expressed combinatorially. CD45.2+ ProPreB cells and CMPs transduced with control or VM were transplanted competitively into IR CD45.1+ recipients. Peripheral bleeds were performed at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. FIG. 16A. Flow histograms show 16 week peripheral bleeds for controls (VC—top panels) and cells expressing the mix of 37 factors (VM—bottom panels); demonstrated for ProPreB (Left) and CMP (Right). FIG. 16B. Quantitative results for each of the peripheral bleeds are shown for ProPreB Cells and CMPs. Chimerism above 1.0% was observed in 5/14 mice transplanted with ProPreB and 3/8 mice transplanted with CMP. FIG. 16C. Cellular composition of the peripheral bleeds of mice with chimerism over 1.0% is shown for mice transplanted with ProPreB Cells and CMPs.

FIG. 17 demonstrates that peripheral lymphoid organ and bone marrow reconstitution is observed from CMPs and ProPreB Cells expressing combinatorial factors. The bone marrow, spleen, and thymus were harvested from mice transplanted with ProPreB Cells/CMPs transduced with control (VC) a viral cocktail (VM). Representative histograms of three ProPre B Cell transplanted mice (VC, VM4, VM14) and two CMP transplanted mice (VC and VM6)—VM#s are the same observed in FIG. 15. Varying degrees of donor derived chimerism can be observed in each lymphoid compartment; consistently VM expressing cells had higher reconstitution in all lymphoid compartments in comparison to controls.

FIGS. 18A-18D demonstrate that multi-lineage reconstitution is observed in peripheral lymphoid organs upon transplantation with combinatorial factor expression. FIG. 18A. The bone marrow, spleen, and thymus were harvested from mice that were transplanted with transduced ProPre B cells and CMPs. Quantitation of the data is graphically summarized. In all ProPreB cells transplanted mice with >1.0% peripheral blood chimerism, donor derived chimerism above control levels were observed in all lymphoid compartments analyzed. FIGS. 18B-18D. Composition of the bone marrow, spleen, and thymus for all control mice or experimental mice analyzed with >1% peripheral blood chimerism.

FIGS. 19A-19D demonstrate that ProPreB Cells and CMPs expressing a cocktail of factors give rise to primitive hematopoietic progenitors. FIG. 19A. Flow plots have been previously gated on myeloid progenitors (top panel) or primitive hematopoietic progenitors (LSK (Lin⁻Sca⁺c-kit⁺) cells) (bottom panel). Only mice that received cells transduced with the viral cocktail give rise to donor (CD45.2+) derived cells hematopoietic progenitors or myeloid progenitors. Further break down of the myeloid progenitor gate (top panel) and hematopoietic progenitor (bottom panel) gates reveal a diversity of progenitor populations. FIG. 19B. Quantitation of the overall numbers of myeloid progenitors and hematopoietic progenitor cells in each of the transplanted VC (average of five mice) and VM mice with peripheral chimerism above 1.0%. In all cases there is increased numbers of cells with respect to controls. FIGS. 19C-19D. Composition of the compartments was analyzed and quantified. Each bar represents one mouse and the respective composition of the myeloid progenitor compartment (FIG. 19C) or the hematopoietic progenitor compartment (FIG. 19D).

FIGS. 20A-20C demonstrate that ProPre B Cells and CMPs have serial transplant potential only when factors in combination are expressed. 1000 LSK CD45.2+ Cells were sorted and transplanted competitively with 2×105 CD45.1+ Competitors into competent CD45.1+ hosts. FIG. 20A. At 4 weeks all the secondary transplants had distinguishable donor derived multi-lineage populations. Flow graphs representing each of those secondary transplants are shown. FIG. 20B. Quantitation of these results was calculated and reported here as the % CD45.2+ of total peripheral blood. Only ProPre B Cell VM #14 had sustainable (>0.1%) long-term multi-lineage reconstitution even at 16 weeks. FIG. 20C. The composition of the peripheral blood for all the mice referred to above at four weeks and at 16 weeks for PPBC#14. Multi-lineage reconstitution is observed for all bleeds.

FIGS. 21A-21B. PCR based strategies can be used to identify VDJ rearrangements in B-cell progenitors. FIG. 21A. B cells progenitors can be isolated based on the phenotypic markers shown in this schematic. FIG. 21B. Fraction A, B, C and D and IgM positive mature B cells were sorted and subjected to PCR for V-D-J recombination of heavy and light chain. Heavy chain rearrangement begins as early as fraction B and continues to occur through Fraction C. Lambda and kappa light chain and rearrangement can occur as early as Fraction C and proceed through mature B cells. CD45.2 was used as a PCR loading control across all the samples. The experiments described herein demonstrate that we can effectively detect rearrangements in ProPreB Cells (Fractions B-D) in our system by PCR detection of rearrangement. Primers were adapted primers from Cobaleda et al. Nature 2007.

FIGS. 22A-22C demonstrate VDJ rearrangement confirms the B-lineage origin of reprogrammed cells. To determine if cell populations and colonies originated from a VDJ recombined cell we assayed for recombinational events using PCR. FIG. 22A. B cells (B220+), hematopoietic progenitor (Live, Lin−, c-kit+, Sca+), and myeloid progenitor (Live, Lin−, c-kit+, Sca−) bone marrow cells were FACs cell sorted and analyzed by PCR for heavy chain VDJ recombination. These populations provide a positive and two negative controls. Colonies arising from ProPreB cells expressing a mix of TFs were tested (GEMM colony); A myeloid colony taken from the control plate. FIG. 22B. CD45.2+ donor and CD45.1+ recipient Mac1+ cells were FACs sorted. PCR was performed to test heavy chain (J_(H558)), kappa light chain (JLk), lambda light chain (JL1); genomic CD45 as a loading control. This demonstrates rearrangement in Mac+ cells isolated from a mouse transplanted with ProPreB Cells transduced with the viral cocktail (ProPreB #4). FIG. 22C. Recombination analysis was performed and is summarized in table format for mice with CD45.2+ chimerism >1.0%. All mice with donor derived chimerism and transplanted with ProPre B Cells transduced with the viral cocktail had evidence of reprogramming on the heavy chain loci; a majority had either lambda or kappa light chain rearrangement. All recombinational events appear to be polyclonal and therefore reconstitution occurred from multiple clones.

FIGS. 23A-23B demonstrate that VDJ Rearrangement confirms the origin of the reprogrammed cells. Although summarized in FIG. 22C, further per testing of recombinational events in the peripheral blood of mice reconstituted by ProPreB Cells transduced with the viral cocktail. FIG. 23A. Rearrangement PCR testing Mac1+ cells isolated from mice reconstituted with reprogrammed Pre/Pro B-cells (mice #'s 3, 7, 14) by a viral cocktail. B220+ cells are used as the positive control and primitive hematopoietic progenitors (unrearranged LSK cells) as the negative control. In the last lane is a mixed myeloid lineage CFC colony (GEMM) that was tested for both heavy and light chain rearrangement. FIG. 23B. Rearrangement of Mac1+ cells sorted from the peripheral blood of a mouse reconstituted with reprogrammed Pre/Pro B-cells (VM#5). B220+ cells isolated from the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) are used as the positive control; primitive hematopoietic progenitors (unrearranged LSK+ cells) as the negative control. In the last lane is a mixed myeloid lineage CFC colony (GEMM) that was tested for both heavy and light chain rearrangement.

FIG. 24 demonstrates that VDJ Rearrangement confirms the origins of peripheral blood cells. Although rearrangement was observed in Mac+ positive cells from the peripheral blood, further analysis was performed on other populations from mice reconstituted from transplanted ProPre B cells transduced with the viral cocktail (#3 and #4). From these two mice the following donor (CD45.2+) populations were sorted: CD4/8+ T cells (T), B220+ B Cells (B), Mac1+ Myeloid cells (M), and all other cells with none of those markers (N). Each population displayed evidence of B cell recombinational events.

FIGS. 25A-25D demonstrates that VDJ rearrangement confirms the origins of peripheral lymphoid cells and bone marrow populations. Tracking of VDJ B cell rearrangement in mice partially reconstituted by the proposed iHSC cells was taken one step further. When bone marrow of mice reconstituted from ProPreB cells transduced with the viral cocktail, aliquots of 50 cells were taken of donor derived hematopoietic progenitors [CD45.2+ LSK cells (LSK)], B cells [B220+ (B Cell)], myeloid cells [Mac1+ (Mac)], Myeloid progenitors [Lin−Sca−c-kit+=(MylPro)] and T cells [CD4+/8+/3+ T Cels (T cell)]. DNA was extracted from the samples and PCR performed to assay for recombination. FIG. 25A. PCR recombination testing of mouse (#4) reconstituted from ProPreB Cells transduced with the viral mix. PCR testing was performed for heavy chain (J_(H588)), kappa light chain (J_(k)), and lambda light chain (J_(l)). FIG. 25B. PCR recombination testing of mouse (#3) reconstituted from ProPreB Cells transduced with the viral mix. PCR testing was performed for heavy chain (J_(H588)). FIG. 25C. PCR recombination testing of mouse (#14 and #7) reconstituted from ProPreB Cells transduced with the viral mix. PCR testing was performed for heavy chain (JH588). For mouse #14 that had high donor derived chimerism additional analysis was performed on the same populations from the spleen. Recipient CD45.1+ cells were included as a negative control. FIG. 25D. PCR recombination testing of mouse (#7) reconstituted from ProPreB Cells transduced with the viral mix. PCR testing was performed for heavy chain (J_(H588)). Analysis of CD3/CD4/CD8+ T cells from the thymus. The left lane is CD45.1+ control T cells and the right is CD45.2+ donor cells. Only donor cells expressed B cell recombinational events.

FIG. 26 demonstrates a strategy for reverse cloning of reprogramming factors that allows for distinction between endogenous loci (top panel) and integrated reprogramming factors. Primers were designed to straddle intron/exon boundaries such that PCR identification of virally introduced transcription factors could readily be resolved from the endogenous genes—with the reprogramming factors yielding a smaller PCR product in all cases. See Table 5 for primer sequences used for reverse cloning of all reprogramming factors.

FIG. 27 demonstrates reverse cloning identification of transcription factors. ProPreB Cells were sorted and transduced for 14 hours with ZsGr control virus (VC), A single virus listed (Only Vector), a viral mix of 37 different factors minus that listed virus (VM-Vector) or the viral cocktail of 37 factors (VM). Doxycycline was added for 24 hours and then cells were harvested, DNA isolated, and PCR analysis performed using the indicated primers.

FIG. 28 shows reverse cloning identification of transcription factors. ProPreB Cells were sorted and transduced for 14 hours with ZsGr control virus (VC), A single virus listed (Only Vector), a viral mix of 37 different factors minus that listed virus (VM-Vector) or the viral cocktail of 37 factors (VM). Doxycycline was added for 24 hours and then cells were harvested, DNA isolated, and PCR analysis performed using the indicated primers.

FIG. 29 shows reverse cloning of reprogramming factors from myeloid (macrophage and granulocyte) colonies derived from reprogrammed pre/pro B cells. Examples of Gels run looking at 30 of the 37 different factors present in the cocktail. Notice that Evil, Msi2, Rux1t1, Hoxb3, and Pbx1 all have endogenous gene products present in every screen. White squares emphasize products that are at the correct size indicating integration of the factor listed.

FIG. 30 shows reverse cloning of reprogramming factors from myeloid (GEMM and B cell) colonies derived from reprogrammed pre/pro B cells. Examples of Gels run looking at 30 of the 37 different factors present in the cocktail. Notice that Evil, Msi2, Rux1t1, Hoxb3, and Pbx1 all have endogenous gene products present in every screen. White squares emphasize products that are at the correct size indicating integration of the factor listed.

FIG. 31 shows reverse cloning of reprogramming factors from myeloid (BFU) colonies derived from reprogrammed pre/pro B cells. Examples of Gels run looking at 30 of the 37 different factors present in the cocktail. Notice that Evil, Msi2, Rux1t1, Hoxb3, and Pbx1 all have endogenous gene products present in every screen. White squares emphasize products that are at the correct size indicating integration of the factor listed.

FIG. 32 shows frequency determination in which transcription factor combinations were reverse cloned in reprogrammed cells both intro (CFC colonies) and in vivo (donor-derived meyloid cells). To determine the individual factors contributing to the effects of the TF mix, integration primers were developed. ProPreB cells that gave rise to B cell (B cell), Macrophage (Mac), Granulocyte (Gran), Granulocyte-Macrophage (GM), Blast Forming Unit (BFU), GEMM, and those colonies not morphologically defined (Not Det) were collected and tested in the indicated n number. Similarly peripheral blood populations (B cell, macrophage, T cell, and other cells were tested for integration and grouped into the in vivo column. Results are summarized in a heat map. High prevalence in the population tested was visualized as red and low prevalence in the population was visualized as blue.

FIG. 33 shows reverse cloning of reprogramming factors from peripheral blood of mice reconstituted from ProPreB Cells expressing a combination of factors. Donor derived peripheral blood from the indicated mice (#4 and #5) reconstituted from ProPre B cells expressing a combination of factors was sorted and PCR analysis performed on the isolated DNA. Examples of two gels run looking at 30 of the 37 different factors present in the cocktail. Notice that Evil, Msi2, Rux1t1, Hoxb3, and Pbx1 all have endogenous gene products present in every screen. White squares emphasize products that are at the correct size indicating integration of the factor listed.

FIGS. 34A-34C demonstrate identity of factor combinations that are integrated into peripheral blood populations from a mouse reconstituted with ProPre B cells and CMPs transduced with the viral cocktail. For three of the transplanted mice (two originating from a transformed ProPre B cell and one from a CMP) that had peripheral chimerism >1.0% the peripheral blood was further sorted into B220+ (B cells), Mac+ (Mac) and CD3+ (T cells). FIG. 34A. Every peripheral bleed of donor derived cells originating from a reprogrammed ProPre B Cell or CMP contained Hlf, Zfp37, Runx1t1, Pbx1 and Lmo2. FIG. 34B. Additional factors identified in those populations are listed here. Notice that Prdm5 is present in all samples except those collect from the Mac1+ cells. Glis2 on the other hand was only found in Mac+ populations. FIG. 34C. Peripheral blood populations (B cell, macrophage, T cell, and other cells were tested for integration and grouped into the in vivo column for the n number of samples. Results are summarized in a heat map. High prevalence in the population tested was visualized as red and low prevalence in the population was visualized as blue.

FIG. 35 shows transcription factor combination lists. Six combinations (C1-C6) of 4-6 factors were put together based on the integration testing (>75% prevalence). To each combination the additional factors that were 50%-75% prevalent in the samples were added as additional factors (++). Each combination was derived from a specific colony or population. C1: ProPreB to Mac/Gran/GM; C2: ProPreB to GEMM/BFU, C3: ProPreB to BCell; C4: CMP toGEMM; C5: Overall In vitro; C6: Overall In vivo.

FIGS. 36A-36B show combinatorial expression of factors in ProPre B Cells increases colony formation. ProPre B Cells and CMPs were sorted using phenotypic markers on the Aria Sorter. Cells were incubated with ZsGr control virus (VC) or a viral cocktail for 14 hours in S-clone media containing SCF, TPO and IL-12 (In the case of ProPreB Cells, IL-7 and Flk3). Dox was added for 24 hours and cells were resorted for ZsGr+ cells. ZsGr+ cells were placed into methylcellulose media in a 6 well plate format containing SCF, TPO and IL-12 (For ProPreB Cells IL-7 and Flk3). Colony forming potential was assayed on day 20. FIG. 36A. To ensure that all factors in the combinations were required; factors were singly subtracted out of the combination. Representative pictures of the wells are shown. FIG. 36B. Quantitation of the data is demonstrated here. The ZsGreen control (VC) and the all the combination groups were performed in duplicates four independent experiments.

FIGS. 37A-37B demonstrate defined combinations of transcription factors can reprogram cells to different fates. ProPre B Cells and CMPs were sorted using phenotypic markers on the Aria Sorter. Cells were incubated with ZsGr control virus (VC) or a viral cocktail for 14 hours in S-clone media containing SCF, TPO and IL-12 (In the case of ProPreB Cells, IL-7 and Flk3). Dox was added for 24 hours and cells were resorted for ZsGr+ cells. ZsGr+ cells were placed into methylcellulose media in a 6 well plate format containing SCF, TPO and IL-12 (For ProPreB Cells IL-7 and Flk3). Colony forming potential was assayed on day 20. FIG. 37A. The morphology of each of the combinations is shown here. This again is an average of duplicate samples in four independent experiments. FIG. 37B. Representative pictures of transduced ProPreB cell CFC wells for combinations and controls are shown with composition break downs in pie charts for each combination (average of four experiments). Notice that C1 a myeloid promoting combination gave rise to predominantly myeloid cells. Which a B Cell promoting combination (C3) promoted predominantly B cell colonies.

FIG. 38 shows factor combination minus one experiments to determine the requirement of individual factors for reprogramming ProPre B Cells and CMPs were sorted using phenotypic markers on the Aria Sorter. Cells were incubated with ZsGr control virus (VC) or a viral cocktail for 14 hours in S-clone media containing SCF, TPO and IL-12 (In the case of ProPreB Cells, IL-7 and Flk3). Dox was added for 24 hours and cells were resorted for ZsGr+ cells. ZsGr+ cells were placed into methylcellulose media in a 6 well plate format containing SCF, TPO and IL-12 (For ProPreB Cells IL-7 and Flk3). Colony forming potential was assayed on day 20. To ensure that all factors in the combinations were required; factors were singly subtracted out of the combination. For each combination listed in bold the factors were subtracted out singularly. As a control Pbx1 (a factor not in the required combination was included as a control, as expected this additional factor was not a required factor in C2). Consistently all other combinations appeared to have been narrowed down to only required factors. Singular factor controls are listed in the last Figure. Bars represent averages of double samples performed in duplicate experiments.

FIG. 39 demonstrates that a defined set of factors identified to give rise to in vivo reprogramming and GEMM formation in myeloid colony forming assays can increase colony formation and alter the lineage potential of both ProPre B cells and CMPs.ProPre B Cells and CMPs were sorted using phenotypic markers on the Aria Sorter. Cells were incubated with ZsGr control virus (VC) or the defined combination C7 (C7) for 14 hours in S-clone media containing SCF, TPO and IL-12 (In the case of ProPreB Cells, IL-7 and Flk3). Dox was added for 24 hours and cells were resorted for ZsGr+ cells. ZsGr+ cells were placed into methylcellulose media in a 6 well plate format containing SCF, TPO and IL-12 (For ProPreB Cells IL-7 and Flk3). Colony forming potential was assayed on day 20.

FIGS. 40A-40B demonstrate that combination 6 leads to reprogramming of Pre-ProB cells into cells capable of giving rise to multi-lineage donor derived chimerism in vivo. ProPreB Cells and CMPs were sorted from CD45.2 rtTA transgenic bone marrow. Cells were then incubated with the indicated combination of factor expression viruses in equal concentrations. 10,000 Cells were then transplanted into congenic CD45.1+ mice. Mice were then bleed at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Only Combination 6 showed donor derived chimerism >1.0% in preliminary trials.

FIGS. 41A-41C demonstrate donor derived multi-lineage reconstitution from ProPre B Cells expressing a defined set of factors. ProPreB cells were transduced to express C6, C6 and the additional factors identified, ZsGr Control (VC). Cells were transplanted competitively into mice and peripheral bleeds performed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. FIG. 41A. The gating strategy of mice transplanted with ProPre B Cells transduced with C6 and bleed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Donor-derived cells are observed over control level each bleed and are multi-lineage. FIG. 41B. Quantitations for all the bleeds for ProPreB cells are demonstrated. No benefit of the additional factors was observed. FIG. 41C. Cellular composition of the 12 week bleeds are shown in the graphs for ProPreB cells.

FIG. 42 demonstrates multi-lineage potential of reprogrammed B Cell progenitors by a defined set of factors (C6) is confirmed to have undergone recombination events and derived from B Cell origins. ProPreB cells were transduced to express C6, C6 and the additional factors identified, ZsGr Control (VC). Cells were transplanted competitively into mice and to demonstrate that the reconstitution was due to a cell that originated from a B cell, PCR analysis was performed on peripheral blood from the mouse that had long-term reconstitution in the peripheral blood. CD45.2+ donor Mac1+ cells had evidence of recombination events but recipient (CD45.1+) Mac1+ cells nor Fraction A B cells (B Cell Prog) had evidence of reprogramming.

FIG. 43 demonstrates a defined set of factors (C6) is expressed in peripheral blood derived from a reprogrammed ProPre B Cell. ProPreB cells were transduced to express C6, C6 and the additional factors identified, ZsGr Control (VC). Cells were transplanted competitively into mice and peripheral bleeds performed at 16 weeks. All the factors that were present in the viral mix were found to have integrated into the donor derived peripheral blood.

FIGS. 44A-44C demonstrate donor derived multi-lineage reconstitution from CMPs expressing a defined set of factors. FIG. 44A. CMP cells were transduced to express C6, C6 and the additional factors identified, ZsGr Control (VC). Cells were transplanted competitively into mice and peripheral bleeds performed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Lineage break down is shown by flow diagrams below for each mouse. FIG. 44B. Quantitation for all the bleeds for both CMPs derived reconstituting mice are demonstrated. No benefit of the additional factors was observed. FIG. 44C. Cellular composition of the 12 week bleeds are shown in the graphs for ProPreB cells.

FIG. 45 shows that reverse cloning confirms that donor derived peripheral blood originating from reprogrammed CMPs by C6 contains factors in Combination 6. CMP cells were transduced to express C6, C6 and the additional factors identified, ZsGr Control (VC). Cells were transplanted competitively into mice and a peripheral bleeds performed at 12 weeks. Peripheral blood was taken from both CMP originating iHSC reconstituting mice was taken and integration studies performed on the population. One mouse contained all factors used in the viral mix and the other was only missing Hlf.

FIGS. 46A-46C demonstrate a defined set of factors give rise to multi-lineage reconstitution from reprogrammed B Cells. Five additional factors were added to C6 that gave rise to GEMM colonies from either ProPre B cells or CMPs. This combination was coined C7. B220 enriched cells were magnetically separated from the bone marrow of CD45.2 rtTA mice. Cells were transduced with ZsGr control (VC) or C7 for 14 hours, kept for 24 hours with doxycycline and then transplanted competitively with 1×10̂5 whole bone marrow cells into CD45.1+ recipients. Bleeds were performed at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. FIG. 46A. Flow plots are shown for both VC and C7 transduced and transplanted recipients at 8 weeks. FIG. 46B. Quantitation of peripheral bleeds for the B220 enriched cells transduced with ZsGr control (VC) or C7 at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks. Excluding one outlier all C7 transduced and transplanted mice are over VC transduced and transplanted cells. FIG. 46C. The average composition of peripheral blood at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks.

FIG. 47 shows multi-lineage reconstitution by reprogrammed B220 enriched cells has evidence of B cell recombination in 2/5 mice. Five additional factors were added to C6 that gave rise to GEMM colonies from either ProPre B cells or CMPs. This combination was coined C7. B220 enriched cells were magnetically separated from the bone marrow of CD45.2 rtTA mice. Cells were transduced with ZsGr control (VC) or C7 for 14 hours, kept for 24 hours with doxycycline and then transplanted competitively with 1×10̂5 whole bone marrow cells into CD45.1+ recipients. Bleed was performed at 16 weeks. To determine what reconstituted animals were derived from a B cell origin, peripheral blood was isolated, Mac1+ cells sorted, and tested by per analysis for B cell recombination. Two mice were found to have peripheral chimerism due to a transformed B cell. Those mice are shown in FIG. 40A by highlighting them in orange.

FIG. 48 shows that reverse cloning confirms that donor derived peripheral blood originating from reprogrammed CMPs by C7 contains factors in combination 7. Five additional factors were added to C6 that gave rise to GEMM colonies from either ProPre B cells or CMPs. This combination was coined C7. B220 enriched cells were magnetically separated from the bone marrow of CD45.2 rtTA mice. Cells were transduced with ZsGr control (VC) or C7 for 14 hours, kept for 24 hours with doxycycline and then transplanted competitively with 1×10̂5 whole bone marrow cells into CD45.1+ recipients. Bleed was performed at 16 weeks. Peripheral blood from the two B cell recombined mice was isolated and tested by per analysis for the integration of the factors in C7. Rbpms and Msi2 was missing from both analysis.

FIGS. 49A-49D show that peripheral lymphoid organ and bone marrow reconstitution is observed from CMPs and ProPreB Cells expressing a defined set of factors, combination 6. FIG. 49A. The bone marrow, spleen, and thymus were harvested from mice that were transplanted with C6 transduced ProPre B cells and CMPs. Quantitation of the data is graphically summarized. In all ProPreB cells transplanted mice with >1.0% peripheral blood chimerism, donor derived chimerism above control levels were observed in all lymphoid compartments analyzed. FIGS. 49B-49D. Composition of the bone marrow, spleen, and thymus for all control mice or experimental mice analyzed with >1% peripheral blood chimerism.

FIG. 50 demonstrates bone marrow reconstitution of the hematopoietic progenitor and myeloid progenitor compartments is observed when CMPs and ProPreB Cells expressing a defined set of factors, combination 6, are transplanted. The bone marrow was harvested from mice transplanted with ProPreB Cells/CMPs transduced with control (VC) a defined viral cocktail (C6). Representative histograms are shown of populations reprogrammed with C6: two CMP transplanted mice (CMP1 and CMP2) and one ProPre B Cell transplanted mouse (ProPreB1). Cells have been previously gated for singlets, live, lineage negative cells. Varying degrees of donor derived chimerism can be observed. The c-kit and sca graphs show that there is donor derived hematopoietic progenitors (LSK; c-kit+Sca+) and myeloid progenitors (Myl Pro; c-kit+Sca−).

FIGS. 51A-51C demonstrate that ProPreB Cells and CMPs expressing a defined set of factors (C6) give rise to primitive hematopoietic progenitors. The bone marrow was harvested from mice transplanted with ProPreB Cells/CMPs transduced with control (VC) a defined viral cocktail (C6). Representative histograms are shown of populations reprogrammed with C6: two CMP transplanted mice (CMP1 and CMP2) and one ProPre B Cell transplanted mouse (ProPreB1). Graphs represent donor (CD45.2+) derived hematopoietic progenitors (LSK; c-kit+Sca+) and myeloid progenitors (Myl Pro; c-kit+Sca−). FIG. 51A. Quantitation of the overall numbers of myeloid progenitors and hematopoietic progenitor cells in each of the transplanted VC (average of five mice) and C6 mice with peripheral chimerism above 1.0%. In all cases there is increased numbers of cells with respect to controls. FIGS. 51B-51C. Composition of the compartments was analyzed and quantified. Each bar represents one mouse and the respective composition of the myeloid progenitor compartment (FIG. 51B) or the hematopoietic progenitor compartment (FIG. 51C).

FIG. 52 demonstrates that reprogrammed CMPs by defined factors have serial transplantation potential. 16 weeks bone marrow analysis was performed and secondary transplants set up. The two CMP derived mice with donor derived chimerism underwent full bone marrow transplant of 5 million donor cells into five mice each. In the case of the mouse having donor derived chimerism originating from a ProPre B cell transduced with C6, 1 million whole donor bone marrow cells were competitively transplanted with 2×10̂5 CD45.1+ whole bone marrow cells into two mice. Flow graphs of donor derived cells from each of these mice are shown. Donor cells are observed at 4 weeks.

FIGS. 53A-53C demonstrate that reprogrammed CMPs by defined factors have serial long-term transplantation potential. 16 weeks bone marrow analysis was performed and secondary transplants set up. The two CMP derived mice with donor derived chimerism underwent full bone marrow transplant of 5 million donor cells into five mice each. In the case of the mouse having donor derived chimerism originating from a ProPre B cell transduced with C6, 1 million whole donor bone marrow cells were competitively transplanted with 2×10̂5 CD45.1+ whole bone marrow cells into two mice. Flow graphs of donor derived cells from each of these mice are shown. Donor cells are observed at 4 weeks. FIG. 53A. An example of multilineage donor chimerism at 4 weeks in the peripheral blood of secondary transplants. FIG. 53B. Quantitation of CD45.2+ donor contributions in peripheral blood at 4 and 8 weeks. CMPs transduced with C6 gave rise to multilineage chimerism in primary recipients and in secondary transplants all the mice had donor cells. FIG. 53C. Quantitation of the composition of peripheral blood cells in secondary recipients.

FIG. 54 demonstrates that peripheral blood derived from CMP C6 reconstituted mice can be reprogrammed to give rise to in vitro colony forming potential. Peripheral blood from serially transplanted C6 transduced CMP cells was collected. B220+ and CD3+ and Mac1+ cells were sorted and incubated for 48 hours with doxycycline. Cells were then put into methylcellulose media containing SCF, TPO, IL-12, Flk3, and IL-7. Colonies in the CFCs assays were counted and morphology characterized 20 days later. Control sorted cells from primary VC recipients were blank but colonies were observed when cells were derived from CMPs previously transduced with C6.

FIG. 55 demonstrates that peripheral blood derived from reconstituted mice having been transplanted with B220 enriched cells expressing C7 mice can undergo secondary reprogrammed to give rise to in vitro colony forming potential. Peripheral blood from mice transplanted with B220 enriched cells expressing combination C7 was collected at 16 weeks. B220+ and CD3+ and Mac1+ cells were sorted and incubated for 48 hours with doxycycline. Cells were then put into methylcellulose media containing SCF, TPO, IL-12, Flk3, and IL-7. Colonies in the CFCs assays were counted and morphology characterized 20 days later. Control sorted cells from primary VC recipients were blank but colonies were observed when cells were derived from the peripheral blood of either mouse reconstituted from reprogrammed B220 enriched cells expressing C7.

FIGS. 56A-56C demonstrate that expression of defined factors in various populations can promote colony formation and altered lineage commitment in vitro. Various indicated populations were sorted from the bone marrow (FIG. 56A), spleen (FIG. 56B), thymus (FIG. 56C), and peripheral blood (FIG. 56C) of mice. Populations include: B220+ (B); Mac1+/Gr-1+ (M/G); CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ (T); NK1.1+ (NK); ProPreBCells as a control. In the case of peripheral blood (PB) B, T, and M/G was all sorted into one population. These populations were transduced with control (VC) or C7 viruses for 14 hours, dox added for 24 hours and then put into a CFC assay. Colonies were counted and morphology determined on day 20. Colony numbers with more than control levels in almost all cases. Indicating that transformation of committed blood cells into iHSC like cells could occur from multiple compartments and in multiple cell types.

FIGS. 57A-57C demonstrate that expression of defined factors in human Jurkat cells can promote colony formation and altered lineage commitment in vitro. FIG. 57A. Human Jurkat cells were cultured and left untransduced, transduced with ZsGr control virus (VC) or with C6 for 14 hours. Doxycycline was added for 24 hours and cells were put in CFC assays. Colonies were counted and morphology determined on day 20. Only Jurkat cells transduced with C6 gave rise to colonies. FIG. 57B. Colonies that Jurkat cells transduced with C6 gave rise too are pictured. They included an erythroid like colony, granulocytes, and monocytes. FIG. 57C. To further distinguish the transformed cells, flow analysis for phenotypic markers including Ter119, Mac1, CD71, and Gr1 was performed on freshly cultured Jurkat cells and the Jurkat cell colonies observed when transduced with C6. Jurkat colonies that were transduced with C6 had apparent increases in immature erythroid cells (CD71+Ter119−), Granulocyte (Gr1+Mac1+) and monocyte (Mac1+) populations.

FIGS. 58A-58E show identification of factors capable of imparting alternative lineage potential in vitro. (FIG. 58A) Heat map showing relative expression (green;high, to purple;low) of 36 regulatory genes identified as HSC-specific in the indicated cell types. (FIG. 58B) Schematic representation of lentivirus transgene expression cassette (top), and flow cytometry plots showing reporter cassette (ZsGr) expression in Pro/Pre B-cells+/− doxycycline induction (48 hours post). (FIG. 58C) Schematic representation of in vitro screening strategy for cell fate conversion. (FIG. 58D) Representative images of wells showing colonies arising in methylcellulose from Pro/Pre B cells transduced with ZsGr or 36-factor cocktail. (FIG. 58E) Colony number and type arising in methylcellulose from Pro/Pre B cells transduced with ZsGr or 36-factor cocktail. Four independent experiments are shown and each condition performed in triplicate.

FIGS. 59A-59G show identification of factors capable of imparting multi-lineage engraftment potential onto committed progenitors in vivo. (FIG. 59A) Schematic of experimental strategy to identify factors capable of imparting multi-lineage engraftment potential on committed progenitors in vivo. (FIG. 59B) Representative flow cytometry plots showing donor (CD45.2) reconstitution of mice transplanted with control (ZsGr) or 36-factor transduced Pro/Pre B cells or CMPs 16-weeks post-transplant. (FIG. 59C) Donor reconstitution of mice transplanted with ZsGr or 36-factor transduced Pro/Pre B cells or CMPs at indicated time points post-transplantation. Only mice with >1% donor chimerism (dotted line) were considered reconstituted. Recipients transplanted; Pro/PreB; ZsGr n=15, Pro/PreB; 36-factor n=15, CMP; ZsGr n=8, and CMP; 36-factor n=8. (FIG. 59D) Reconstitution of indicated peripheral blood cell lineages of individual recipients showing >1% donor chimerism presented as % of donor. (FIG. 59E) PCR analysis of immunoglobulin rearrangement showing heavy (J_(H)), and light chain (J_(Lλ), J_(LK)) in bone marrow (BM) cells including B-cells (B220+), stem/progenitor (LSK) cells, myeloid progenitors (Myl Pro), and peripheral blood (PB) cells including B-cells (B220+), recipient myeloid cells (Mac1+ Rec), and donor myeloid cells (Mac1+ Donor) originating from Pro/Pre B cell; 36-factor experiment. Loading control; genomic PCR for CD45. (FIG. 59F) PCR-based strategy to identify virally integrated factors and discriminate from endogenous genes. (FIG. 59G) Summary of data showing presence (gray) or absence (black) of each of the indicated factors in donor B−, T−, and myeloid cells in each of the reconstituted mice shown in (FIG. 59C).

FIGS. 60A-60G show transient ectopic expression of six transcription factors in committed progenitors is sufficient to alter lineage potential in vitro and impart long-term engraftment potential on committed progenitors in vivo. (FIG. 60A) Representative images of wells showing colonies arising in methylcellulose from Pro/Pre B cells transduced with ZsGr or 6-TF cocktail. (FIG. 60B) Colony number and indicated colony type arising in methylcellulose from Pro/Pre B cells transduced with ZsGr or 6-TF cocktail. 3 independent experiments are shown with each condition performed in triplicate. (FIG. 60C) Colony number and type arising in methylcellulose from Pro/Pre B cells transduced with ZsGr, 6-TF cocktail, or 6-TF minus the indicated factor. Each condition performed in triplicate. (FIG. 60D) Donor reconstitution of mice transplanted with ZsGr or 6-TF transduced Pro/Pre B cells or CMPs at indicated time points post-transplantation. Only mice with >1% donor chimerism (dotted line) were considered reconstituted. Recipients transplanted; Pro/PreB; ZsGr n=10, Pro/PreB; 6-TF n=12, CMP; ZsGr n=9, and CMP; 6-TF n=9. (FIG. 60E) Representative flow cytometry plots showing donor reconstitution and lineage composition of mice transplanted with control (ZsGr) or 6-TF transduced Pro/Pre B cells or CMPs 16-weeks post-transplant. Lineage contribution to Mac1+ myeloid cells, B220+ B-cells, and CD3/4/8+ T-cells is shown. (FIG. 60F) Reconstitution of indicated peripheral blood cell lineages of individual recipients showing >1% donor chimerism presented as % of donor. (FIG. 60G) PCR analysis of immunoglobulin heavy (JH) chain rearrangement in recipient myeloid cells (Mac1+ Rec), and donor myeloid cells (Mac1+ Donor) originating from Pro/Pre B cell; 6-TF experiment. Loading control; genomic PCR for CD45.

FIGS. 61A-61E show inclusion of Meis1 and Mycn and use of polycistronic viruses improves in vivo reprogramming efficiency. (FIG. 61A) Schematic representation of RHL (Runxt1t1, Hlf, Lmo2) and PZP (Pbx1, Zfp37, Prdm5) polycistronic, and Meis1 and Mycn single factor viral constructs. (FIG. 61B) Donor reconstitution of mice transplanted with ZsGr, 8-TF (8 single factor viruses), or 8-TFPoly (RHL, PZP polycistronic viruses plus Meis1 and Mycn viruses), transduced Pro/Pre B cells at indicated time points post-transplantation. Only mice with >1% donor chimerism were considered reconstituted. Recipients transplanted; ZsGr; n=12, 8-TF; n=6, 8TFPoly; n=14. (FIG. 61C) Representative flow cytometry plots showing donor reconstitution and lineage contribution of mice transplanted with control (ZsGr), 8-TF, or 8TFPoly transduced Pro/Pre B cells 16-weeks post-transplant. Lineage contribution to Mac1+GR1− myeloid cells, Mac+GR1+ granulocytes, B220+ B-cells, and CD3/4/8+ T-cells is shown. (FIG. 61D) Reconstitution of indicated peripheral blood cell lineages of individual recipients showing >1% donor chimerism presented as % of donor. (FIG. 61E) PCR analysis of immunoglobulin heavy (JH) chain rearrangement in recipient (Recip), and donor (Donor) myeloid cells. Loading control; genomic PCR for CD45.

FIGS. 62A-62I shows reprogrammed cells engraft secondary hematopoietic organs, bone marrow progenitor compartments and reconstitute secondary recipients. (FIG. 62A) Donor reconstitution of peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM), spleen, and thymus of mice transplanted with 8-TF, or 8-TFPoly transduced Pro/Pre B cells 18-20 weeks post-transplantation. (FIG. 62B) PCR analysis of immunoglobulin heavy (J_(H)) chain rearrangement in recipient (R), and donor (D) cells. Cell types analyzed include Mac1+ myeloid cells (M), Mac1+GR1+ granulocytes (G), and T-cells (T). Loading control; genomic PCR for CD45. (FIG. 62C) Representative bone marrow stem and progenitor analysis of a recipient transplanted with 8-TFPoly transduced Pro/Pre B cells 18-weeks post-transplantation showing donor-reconstitution of myeloid progenitors (Myl Pro), megarkaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors (MEP), granulocyte/monocyte progenitors (GMP), common myeloid progenitors (CMP), megakaryocyte progenitors (MkP), erythroid progenitors (EP), common lymphoid progenitors (CLP), Lineage-negative Sca1+ckit+ multipotent progenitors (LSK), multipotent progenitors (MPP1, MPP2), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). All cells were pre-gated through doublet-discriminated, live (propidium iodide negative), and lineage negative cells. (FIG. 62D) Total donor reconstitution of the indicated populations in mice analyzed in (FIG. 62A). (FIGS. 62E-62F) Reconstitution of the indicated myeloid progenitor (E) and primitive multi-potent and stem cell (F) populations in mice analyzed in (A) presented as percentage of donor. (FIG. 62G) PCR analysis of immunoglobulin heavy (JH) chain rearrangement in the indicated recipient and donor populations. Loading control; genomic PCR for CD45. (FIG. 62H) Donor reconstitution of secondary recipient mice transplanted with whole bone marrow (WBM) or c-Kit positive bone marrow cells derived from primary transplants of 8-TF transduced Pro/Pre B cells analyzed at 12 and 8 weeks respectively. Number of recipients transplanted; WBM; n=5, c-Kit+; n=4. (FIG. 62I) Reconstitution of indicated peripheral blood cell lineages of individual recipients presented as % of donor.

FIGS. 63A-63H show transient expression of defined transcription factors in myeloid effector cells is sufficient instill them with progenitor activity in vitro, and long-term multi-lineage transplantation potential in vivo. (FIG. 63A) Schematic representation of experimental strategy for assaying the colony forming potential of 8-TF transduced peripheral blood cells. (FIG. 63B) Colony number and type arising in methylcellulose from peripheral blood cells from recipient (left-most lanes) or donor cells derived from a recipient transplanted with Pro/Pre B cells transduced with 8-TF or 8-TFPoly cocktail, plus (+) or minus (−) exposure to doxycycline. Results from individual mouse performed in triplicate are shown. (FIG. 63C) Colony number and type arising in methylcellulose from plated granulocytes, macrophages/monocytes (Myl), B-cells, and T-cells purified from the peripheral blood of cells pooled recipients transplanted with Pro/Pre B cells transduced with 8-TF^(Poly) cocktail plus (+) or minus (−) exposure to doxycycline. (FIG. 63D) Representative colony types and cytospins stained with May Grunwald of colonies derived in (FIG. 63C). (FIG. 63E) Donor reconstitution of mice transplanted with ZsGr, 6-TF^(Poly), 8-TF or 8-TF^(Poly) transduced Mac1+cKit− myeloid effector cells at indicated time points post-transplantation. Only mice with >1% donor chimerism were considered reconstituted. Recipients transplanted; ZsGr; n=6, 6-TF^(Poly); n=7, 8-TF; n=6, and 8-TFPoly; n=8. (FIG. 63F) Reconstitution of indicated peripheral blood cell lineages of mice showing >1% donor chimerism presented as % of donor. (FIG. 63G) Donor reconstitution 12 weeks post-transplant of secondary recipient mice transplanted non-competitively with 5×10⁶ donor-derived (CD45.2+) bone marrow cells derived from primary recipients of 6-TF^(Poly), 8-TF or 8-TF^(Poly) transduced Mac1+cKit− myeloid effector cells. Cells from individual primary donor mice (indicated by ID) were transplanted into N=5 secondary recipients each. (FIG. 63H) Average reconstitution of indicated peripheral blood cell lineages presented as % of donor. N=5 recipients per group.

FIGS. 64A-64D shows iHSCs reprogrammed via 8 transcription factors closely resemble endogenous HSCs at the molecular level. FIG. 64A shows phenotypic HSCs (doublet discriminated, live, lineage negative, c-kit+, Sca1+, CD34−, flk2− and CD150+) were FACS sorted from the bone marrow of mice reconstituted with Pro/Pre B cells transduced with 8-TF (Mouse #1) and 8-TF POLY (Mouse #10) viral cocktails. Cells were single cell sorted into 96 well plates and analyzed by qPCR for an array of transcription factors. Expression levels of individual cells were projected onto a three-dimensional space using principle component analysis. Recipient HSCs (HSC Host) and iHSCs derived from Pro/Pre B cells transduced with 8-TF (iHSC 8-TF) or 8-TF Poly (iHSC 8-TF Poly) were displayed with previously profiled and phenotypically characterized progenitor cells: HSC, MPP, CMP, GMP, MEP and CLP. Additionally, Pro/Pre B Cells were added as a control cell type. FIGS. 64B-C shows phenotypic HSCs isolated from bone marrow reconstituted from Pro/Pre B cells transduced with 8-TF (iHSC 8-TF) and 8-TF^(Poly) (iHSC 8-TF^(Poly)) were then hierarchically clustered with respect to the qPCR transcription factor array. Each leaf of the dendrogram represents a single cell as indicated in the legend in panel A. FIG. 64D shows analysis of indicated genes are shown for: phenotypic control HSCs (HSC), transplanted host HSCs (HSC host), iHSCs derived from Pro/Pre B Cells transduced with 8-TF (iHSC 8-TF) and 8-TF POLY (iHSC 8-TFPoly) and control Pro/Pre B Cells. Heat maps for expression levels in the indicated cell types are shown (high expression was visualized as red; low expression was visualized as blue). Violin plots show distribution patterns of each of the above transcription factors in one cell type. Expression level is on the y-axis.

FIGS. 65A-65B show a sorting strategy for Pro/Pre B cells (FIG. 65A) and CMPs (FIG. 65B) from the bone marrow of rtTA transgenic mice. Doublet discriminated and PI negative cells were pre-gated and Pro/Pre B Cells were gated as indicated: B220+ CD19+, AA4.1+ and IgM−. FIG. 65B shows doublet discriminated and PI negative cells were pre-gated and CMPs were gated as indicated: Lineage negative (Gr1−, Mac1−, B220−, CD3−, CD4−, CD8−, Ter119−), c-kit+, Sca1−, Fc□R3MID, and CD34+.

FIG. 66 shows Pro/Pre B cells and CMPs were transduced with the viral cocktail of 36-TFs. Dox is added after 16 hours for a period of 48 hours before cells were transferred to methylcellulose. 20 days later colonies were counted and characterized by morphology as indicated in FIGS. 59A-59G. Colonies were collected and DNA isolated. Identification of plasmid integration was performed as indicated in FIGS. 60A-60G for each of the 36 factors listed. Expression of the factors was clustered by the highest expression in GEMMs.

FIG. 67 shows Mac1+ bone marrow cells were isolated from transgenic rtTA mice. Cells were transduced for 16 hours with RHL+PZP (6-TF POLY), Runx1t1+Hlf+Lmo2+Pbx1+Zfp37+Prdm5+Mycn+Meis1 (8-TF) and RHL+PZP+Mycn+Meis1 (8-TF POLY). Dox was added in culture for 24 hours and 5.0×10⁶ cells were transplanted into conditioned hosts with 1×10⁵ Scat depleted support cells. Peripheral blood analysis was performed at 6 weeks. Representative flow demonstrating CD45.1+ (donor) gating from peripheral bleeds at 16 weeks is shown for each group.

FIGS. 68A-68D show Mac1+ bone marrow cells were FACS sorted, transduced with ZsGr control, 6-TF, 8-TF, or 8-TF POLY viruses. (FIG. 68A) Transplantation was done as indicated and 18 weeks post transplantation bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and peripheral blood was harvested from mice with peripheral blood reconstitution >5.0%. Donor contributions are shown graphically in the peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM), spleen and thymus for a 6-TF POLY mouse, 8-TF mouse and four 8-TF POLY mice. The y-axis break marks 1.0% donor reconstitution. FIG. 68B shows the composition break down for donor-derived cells in the bone marrow, spleen, and thymus. B cells (B), Granulocytes (G), Myeloid (M) and T Cells (T) were phenotypically defined as previously described. FIG. 68C shows the % donor of each of the progenitor compartments was calculated by gating as previously shown but last through donor. Quantitation of these results is shown for mice reconstituted from Mac1+ bone marrow cells transduced with 6-TF POLY (1 mouse), 8-TF (1 mouse) and 8-TF POLY (4 mice). A break indicates a 1.0% donor composition. FIG. 68D shows compositional breakdown of the Hematopoietic progenitor compartment for each mouse reconstituted from Mac1+ bone marrow cells transduced with 6-TF POLY (1 mouse), 8-TF (1 mouse) and 8-TF POLY (4 mice). Populations were gated first by donor and then by previously defined phenotypic markers.

FIG. 69 shows phenotypic HSCs (doublet discriminated, live, lineage negative, c-kit+, Sca1+, CD34−, flk2− and CD150+) were FACS sorted from the bone marrow of mice reconstituted with Pro/Pre B cells transduced with 8-TF and 8-TF POLY viral cocktails. Cells were single cell sorted into 96 well plates and analyzed by qPCR for an array of transcription factors. A heat map displays transcription factor expression (columns) for indicated cell types (rows), including: previously profiled and phenotypically sorted progenitor control cell types (HSC, MPP, MEP, CMP, GMP, CLP), control Pro/Pre B cells, recipient derived HSCs (Host HSC), and iHSC cells isolated from mice reconstituted from Pro/Pre B Cells transduced with viral mixtures of 8-TF (iHSC 8-TF) and 8-TF POLY (iHSC 8-TF POLY). High expression was visualized as red; Low Expression was visualized as blue.

FIGS. 70A-70H shows reprogramming terminally differentiated myeloid cells to engraftable HSC-like cells. (FIG. 70A) Schematic for secondary reprogramming experiments. Peripheral blood post 16 weeks from mice reconstituted from ProPre B Cells transduced with viral mixes of 8-TFs were isolated. Peripheral blood cells, FACS sorted CD45.1+ (donor) or further purified on magnetic columns for B220+ (B Cells), Mac1+ (Myl), Gran (Mac1+ Gr1+) and T cells (CD3+). Cells were then plated into F12 media in the presence or absence of dox. Three days post dox administration, cells are transferred into methylcellulose. Colonies are counted and scored 20 days later. (FIG. 70B) Mice reconstituted with ProPre B Cells transduced with the viral cocktail 8-TF or 8-TF POLY were bled at 16-20 weeks and CD45.1+ (donor) and CD45.2+ (Recipient) cells were FACS sorted (8-TF) or unsorted (8-TF POLY), plated into F12 media in the presence/absence of dox for 3 days, transferred into methylcellulose, and counted/scored on day 20. Quantitation of the colony number and composition is shown for cells in the presence and absence of dox. Each column represents one or three replicates per mouse. A representative GEMM colony and GM (Granulocyte-Myeloid) colony are shown to the right for donor sorted cells in the presence of dox. (FIG. 70C) Mice reconstituted with ProPre B Cells transduced with 8-TF POLY were bled at 16 weeks and CD45.1+ (donor) and CD45.2+ (recipient) cells were pooled, further enriched using magnetic columns for B220+ (B Cells), Mac1+ (Myl), Mac1+ Gr1+ (Gran) and CD3+ (T Cells). Cell populations were plated into F12 media in the presence/absence of dox for 3 days, transferred to methylcellulose, and counted/scored on day 20. Quantitation of the colony number and composition is shown for cells in the presence and absence of dox. (FIG. 70D) Representative 10× views of colonies [GEMM, GM, Granulocyte (G) and Myeloid (M)] derived from donor cells are shown. Cytospins were performed on each colony and shown to the right with prominent cell types labeled. (FIG. 70E) Mac1+ bone marrow cells were isolated from transgenic rtTA mice. Cells were transduced for 16 hours with RHL+PZP (6-TF POLY), Runx1t1+Hlf+Lmo2+Pbx1+Zfp37+Prdm5+Mycn+Meis1 (8-TF) and RHL+PZP+Mycn+Meis1 (8-TF POLY). Dox was added in culture for 24 hours and 5.0×106 cells were transplanted into conditioned hosts with 1×10⁵ Sca1 depleted support cells. Peripheral blood analysis was performed at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks; donor contributions are summarized in the graph. Each circle represents a mouse and the 1% donor chimerism mark is represented by an axis break. (FIG. 70F) Composition of mice reconstituted over 1% are shown and broken into B cell, myeloid, granulocyte, and T cell as previously defined. (FIG. 70G) Secondary transplantation was performed by euthanizing and harvesting bone marrow from primary mice with donor reconstitutions over 5%. Five million FACS sorted donor (CD45.2+) whole bone marrow cells were transplanted non-competitively into five recipient pre-conditioned mice. Peripheral blood chimerism at 16 weeks is shown for each secondary recipient (each circle). (FIG. 70H) The average composition of the donor-derived cells in the secondary transplant was calculated and graphically represented for 16 week bleed data.

FIGS. 71A-71B show donor-derived bone marrow, originating from transformed Pro/Pre B-Cells, was isolated from two primary reconstituting animals and one secondary animal. B220+ (B-Cells), CD3+ (T-Cells), Mac1+Gr1− (Myeloid) and Mac1+Gr1+ (Gran) cells were FACS sorted. VDJ analysis was performed on each of the lineages, similar size bands were selected and individual VDJ amplicons were sequenced to obtain information on individual recombination events in each of the lineages. Sequence data is show for each of the indicated donors/cell types. Using IgBlast (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/igblast/) VDJ recombinational events were identified (VDJ ID) and listed according to the VH, DH or JH segment to which the sequence corresponds. (FIG. 71A) Sequences for Donor 1°-1 are disclosed as SEQ ID NOS 168-169, 168-169, 176, 176, 176, 176, 181, 181, 181 and 181 read from columns left to right. Sequences for Donor 1°-8 are disclosed as SEQ ID NOS 170, 170, 170, 170, 177, 177, 177, 177, 182, 182, 182 and 182 read from columns left to right. (FIG. 71B) Sequences for Donor 2°-1 are disclosed as SEQ ID NOS 168, 168, 168, 171-175, 176, 176, 176, 178-180, 180, 183, 183, 183-185, 185-186 and 186 read from columns left to right.

FIGS. 72A-72C Donor-derived MEP cells (Live, Lin−, c-kit+, Sca1−, CD34−, FcgR3−) were FACS sorted from the bone marrow of a primary recipient reconstituted from a transformed Pro/Pre B-Cell (Mouse ID 6). MEP cells were transplanted into three irradiated recipients (50,000 cells/recipient). Controls were irradiated but not transplanted. (FIG. 72A) The survival of these mice is indicated graphically over time post transplant. At day 20 post transplant the peripheral blood of the remaining mice was tested for red blood cell counts (RBC Counts, FIG. 72B) and platelet numbers (Platelet Counts, FIG. 72C).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Provided herein are compositions, nucleic acid constructs, methods and kits thereof for hematopoietic stem cell induction or reprogramming cells to the hematopoietic stem cell multipotent state, based, in part, on the discoveries described herein of novel combinations of transcription factors that permit dedifferentiation and reprogramming of more differentiated cells the hematopoietic stem cell state. Such compositions, nucleic acid constructs, methods and kits can be used for inducing hematopoietic stem cells in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo, and these induced hematopoietic stem cell can be used in regenerative medicine applications.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are among the best-characterized and most experimentally tractable tissue-specific stem cells. HSCs reside at the top of hematopoietic hierarchy and give rise to a large repertoire of highly specialized effector cells by differentiating through a succession of increasingly committed downstream progenitor cells (FIG. 1). HSCs are the only cells in the hematopoietic system that possess the ability to both differentiate to all blood lineages and to self-renew for life. These properties, along with the ability of HSCs to engraft conditioned recipients upon intravenous transplantation, have established the clinical paradigm for stem cell use in regenerative medicine. Allogeneic and autologous HSC transplantation are routinely used in the treatment of patients with a variety of life-threatening disorders. Despite wide clinical use, HSC transplantation remains a high-risk procedure, with the number of stem cells available for transplantation being the strongest predictor of transplantation success. Although stem cell mobilization with G-CSF alone, or in combination with other drugs, increases the yield of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation, an ability to induce, expand, or generate patient-specific HSCs de novo, as described herein, could be useful in a number of clinical settings, or be used to model hematopoietic diseases ex vivo or in xenotransplantation models.

The developmental process by which differentiated cell types arise from more primitive progenitor cells is guided in part by progressive epigenetic changes. In general, lineage specification is unidirectional and irreversible with differentiated cell types, and even intermediate progenitors, being remarkably fixed with respect to their cellular identity and developmental potential. Studies by Gurdon and others have demonstrated that the process of differentiation can be reversed in experiments that showed that the nuclei of differentiated cell types could be reprogrammed to totipotency when exposed to the primitive cellular milieu of enucleated oocytes. This process, known as “somatic cell nuclear transfer,” was subsequently shown to be capable of reprogramming nuclei from differentiated mammalian cells back to pluripotency. That ectopic expression of defined transcription factors was sufficient to convert cell fate was first shown in 1987 with the demonstration that enforced expression of MyoD could reprogram fibroblasts to the myogenic lineage. Enormous progress in this field has been made over the past 40 years culminating with the striking demonstration by Yamanaka and colleagues that ectopic expression of four transcription factors (c-Myc, Oct4, Klf4, Sox2, the so-called “Yamanaka factors”) also described in e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 7,964,401; U.S. Pat. No. 8,048,999; U.S. Pat. No. 8,058,065; U.S. Pat. No. 8,129,187; U.S. Pat. No. 8,211,697, can reprogram adult fibroblasts from mice and man into cells, termed iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells, that possess the developmental potential of embryonic stem (ES) cells. These discoveries opened the possibility of generating patient-specific pluripotent cells from abundant somatic cells that could be used to model disease, or for autologous cell replacement therapies.

However, these factors do not replicate this process if the starting cell is a cell from hematopoietic lineage.

Despite their enormous promise, significant hurdles must be overcome before iPS-based cell therapies enter the clinic. It must also be recognized that iPS cells cannot be directly used clinically, since—as is the case with ES cells—useful cell types must first be generated by directed differentiation.

Thus, alternative approaches, in which abundant cell types are directly reprogrammed to alternative fates without first returning to a pluripotent state, as described herein for making induced HSCs, can be a more direct and efficient way to generate clinically useful cell types. For example, a recent report using OCT4 in combination with hematopoietic cytokines also showed that it was possible to generate myeloid lineage hematopoietic cells (though not HSCs) from human fibroblasts.

Differentiation of HSCs to fully differentiated blood cells is believed to be an irreversible process under normal physiological conditions. Hematopoietic lineage specification takes place within the bounds of strict lineal relationships: for example, megakaryocyte progenitors give rise to megakaryocytes and ultimately platelets, but not to any other blood lineages. Some studies, however, have demonstrated that hematopoietic cells are amenable to reprogramming to alternative fates under experimental manipulation.

Within the hematopoietic system, the most clinically useful cell type to strive to generate by reprogramming are HSCs, as they are the only cells which possess the potential to generate all blood cell types over a lifetime, and transplantation protocols for their clinical use are already established. To date, no reports describing the generation of HSCs by reprogramming have been published because the factor(s) needed to reprogram to HSCs have not yet been determined. This point is central to the experimental rationale and strategies described herein, which were designed to first identify and clone transcriptional activators important for specifying HSC fate and function, and then utilize such factors to reprogram committed blood cells back to an induced HSC fate (FIG. 2), as demonstrated herein.

Hematopoietic tissues contain cells with long-term and short-term regeneration capacities, and committed multipotent, oligopotent, and unipotent progenitors. Endogenous HSCs can be can be found in a variety of tissue sources, such as the bone marrow of adults, which includes femurs, hip, ribs, sternum, and other bones, as well as umbilical cord blood and placenta, and mobilized peripheral blood. Endogenous HSCs can be obtained directly by removal from, for example, the hip, using a needle and syringe, or from the blood following pre-treatment with cytokines, such as G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factors), that induce cells to be released from the bone marrow compartment. However, such methods yield varying amounts of HSCs, which are oftentimes not enough for use in treatment options.

Accordingly, “hematopoietic stem cells,” or “HSCs,” as the terms are used herein, encompass all multipotent cells capable of differentiating into all the blood or immune cell types of the hematopoietic system, including, but not limited to, myeloid cells (monocytes and macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes/platelets, dendritic cells), and lymphoid lineages (T-cells, B-cells, NKT-cells, NK-cells), and which have multi-lineage hematopoietic differentiation potential and sustained self-renewal activity.

The term “stem cells,” as used herein, refer to cells that retain the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and can differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types. The two broad types of mammalian stem cells are: embryonic stem (ES) cells that are found in blastocysts, and adult stem cells that are found in adult tissues. In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all of the specialized embryonic tissues. In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing specialized cells, but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin or intestinal tissues. Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into cells derived from any of the three germ layers.

Stem cells are generally classified by their developmental potential as: (1) “totipotent,” meaning able to give rise to all embryonic and extraembryonic cell types; (2) “pluripotent,” meaning able to give rise to all embryonic cell types; (3) “multipotent,” meaning able to give rise to a subset of cell lineages, but all within a particular tissue, organ, or physiological system (for example, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can produce progeny that include HSCs (self-renewal), blood cell restricted oligopotent progenitors and the cell types and elements (e.g., platelets) that are normal components of the blood); (4) “oligopotent,” meaning able to give rise to a more restricted subset of cell lineages than multipotent stem cells; and (5) “unipotent,” meaning able to give rise to a single cell lineage (e.g., spermatogenic stem cells).

“Self-renewal” refers to the ability of a cell to divide and generate at least one daughter cell with the identical (e.g., self-renewing) characteristics of the parent cell. The second daughter cell may commit to a particular differentiation pathway. For example, a self-renewing hematopoietic stem cell divides and forms one daughter stem cell and another daughter cell committed to differentiation in the myeloid or lymphoid pathway. In contrast, a committed progenitor cell has typically lost the self-renewal capacity, and upon cell division produces two daughter cells that display a more differentiated (i.e., restricted) phenotype. True hematopoietic stem cells have the ability to regenerate long term multi-lineage hematopoiesis (e.g., “long-term engraftment”) in individuals receiving a bone marrow or umbilical cord blood transplant, as described herein.

Hematopoietic stem cells are traditionally identified as being lineage marker negative, Sca1-positive, cKit-positive (or LSK cells), CD34-negative, Flk2-negative, CD48-negative, and CD150 positive. HSCs give rise to “multipotent progenitor cells” or “hematopoietic progenitor cells,” which, as the terms are used herein, refer to a more differentiated subset of multipotent stem cells that while committed to the hematopoietic cell lineage generally do not self-renew. The terms “hematopoietic progenitor cells” or “multi-potent progenitor cells” (MPPs) encompass short term hematopoietic stem cells (also known as ST-HSCs, which are lineage marker negative, Sca1-positive, cKit-positive, CD34-positive, and Flk2-negative); common myeloid progenitor cells (CMPs); lymphoid-primed progenitor cells (LMPPs), granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells (GMPs), and megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor cells (MEPs). Hematopoietic stem cells subsets are sometimes also identified and discriminated on the basis of additional cell-surface marker phenotypes, such as by using combinations of members of the SLAM family, or the “SLAM phenotype,” such as, long-term multi-lineage repopulating and self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs): CD150⁺CD48⁻CD244⁻; MPPs: CD150⁻CD48⁻CD244⁺; lineage-restricted progenitor cells (LRPs): CD150⁻CD48⁺CD244⁺; common myeloid progenitor cells (CMP): lin⁻SCA-1⁻c-kit⁺CD34⁺CD16/32^(mid); granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (GMP): lin⁻SCA-1⁻c-kit⁺CD34⁺CD16/32^(hi); and megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor (MEP): lin⁻SCA-1⁻c-kit⁺CD34⁺CD16/32^(low).

Accordingly, using the compositions, constructs, methods, and kits comprising the HSC reprogramming factors or HSC inducing factors described herein, induced hematopoietic stem cells or iHSCs can be generated that are multipotent and capable of differentiating into all the blood or immune cell types of the hematopoietic system, including, but not limited to, myeloid cells (monocytes and macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes/platelets, dendritic cells), and lymphoid lineages (T-cells, B-cells, NKT-cells, NK-cells), and which have multi-lineage hematopoietic differentiation potential and sustained self-renewal activity. In some embodiments of the compositions, constructs, methods, and kits comprising the HSC reprogramming factors or HSC inducing factors described herein, cells are dedifferentiated into one or more other hematopoietic progenitor cells types, such as short term hematopoietic stem cells, common myeloid progenitor cells, common lymphoid progenitor cells, lymphoid-primed progenitor cells, granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells, and megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor cells.

The successful identification of HSC inducing factors capable of reprogramming committed blood cells to induced HSCs, as described herein, can advance our basic understanding of HSC biology in a number of ways. Despite the fact that HSCs are the most well characterized tissue-specific stem cells, surprisingly little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating their central properties of self-renewal and multi-potency. Identification of factors capable of imparting self-renewal and multi-lineage potential onto otherwise non-self-renewing, lineage-restricted cells, as described herein, provide important insights into the molecular basis of these fundamental attributes and provide strategies on how best to therapeutically manipulate HSCs. Further, mature blood cell production is an ongoing process requiring profound homeostatic control mechanisms—the primary level of which resides with HSCs. Since hematopoietic malignancies arise through deregulation of homeostatic control mechanisms, identification of regulators responsible for specifying HSC function, such as the HSC inducing factors described herein, can also provide important insights into how homeostasis is regulated by stem cells, and in turn, how deregulation of such processes manifest in disease. Functional conservation of reprogramming factors between species is well-documented indicating that it the methods and compositions described herein are applicable for reprogramming human blood cells to induced HSCs, using homologues of the murine reprogramming factors described herein. The ability to derive functional human induced HSCs in such a manner represents a new experimental paradigm for deriving these important cells that can be translated clinically, or used to model hematopoietic diseases. Because one mechanism in which lineage specification has been shown to occur is by the active suppression of alternative fates, by identifying factors involved in re-establishing core HSC properties, factors that function by suppressing differentiation programs can also be identified. If so, identification of such factors could provide fundamental insights into hematopoietic lineage specification. Transcription factors play a critical role in the specification of all cell types during development. The success of reprogramming strategies using transcription factor-mediated de-differentiation of cells indicates that it is equally plausible to direct the differentiation of pluripotent ES/iPS cells to specific fates using such factors. Accordingly, using the HSC inducing factors identified herein, directed differentiation of ES/iPS cells to a definitive HSC fate by expression of the HSC-enriched transcription factors can be achieved.

The combinatorial introduction of HSC-enriched TFs into downstream progenitors and screening for the introduction of stem cell properties onto these committed cells in vivo has identified a core set of TFs, referred to herein as “HSC inducing factors” or “HSC reprogramming factors” able to mediate the reprogramming of committed cells back to an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) state. With the approaches described herein, advantage can be taken of the fact that HSCs are the only cells in the hematopoietic system capable of giving rise to long-term (>4 months) multi-lineage reconstitution in transplantation assays, whereas committed progenitors reconstitute recipient mice only transiently with restricted lineage potential depending upon their stage of differentiation. Only progenitors that have been successfully reprogrammed to an induced hematopoietic stem cell state are able to give rise to long-term multi-lineage reconstitution in transplant recipients, using the compositions, methods, and kits described herein.

To realize the goal of identifying transcription factors specifically expressed in HSCs within the hematopoietic system, a comprehensive system-wide approach was undertaken in which expression profiles of 40 FACS purified hematopoietic cell types, representing the vast majority of hematopoietic stem, progenitor and effector cells, were generated and compiled (FIG. 1). Since the success of the results described herein require a detailed knowledge of the molecular attributes of HSCs, the focus has been on defining these by expression profiling of purified HSCs from diverse settings ranging from steady state hematopoiesis through different stages of ontogeny (fetal development through to old age). Throughout the work described herein, HSCs are fluorescence activated cell sorted (FACS) purified by stringent cell surface phenotype, and defined through functional criteria (FIGS. 1-2). In total, 46 expression profiles for HSCs were generated, which lends enormous statistical power to the analyses described herein. In total, 248 expression profiles of hematopoietic populations have been generated and normalized into a single database (referred to as the “hematopoietic expression database”) (FIG. 3).

Using the databases described herein, transcriptional factors (TFs) with HSC-enriched expression have been identified. In some embodiments of the aspects described herein, in addition to the factors with strict HSC-enriched expression, TFs involved in specifying hematopoietic fate during fetal development such as SCL/TAL1, RUNX1, HOXB4, and LMO2, can be used as HSC inducing factors, even though they do not exhibit particularly HSC-specific expression in the adult. In total, as described herein, over 40 TFs that can be used in various combinations as “HSC inducing factors,” as the term is used herein, have been identified and the expression profiles of each have been confirmed by qRT-PCR.

The production of cells having an increased developmental potential (e.g., iHSCs) is generally achieved by the introduction of nucleic acid sequences encoding genes identified herein as “HSC inducing factors” into an adult, somatic cell, preferably, in some embodiments, a more differentiated cell of the hematopoietic lineage. Typically, nucleic acids encoding the HSC inducing factors, e.g., DNA or RNA, or constructs thereof, are introduced into a cell, using viral vectors or without viral vectors, via one or repeated transfections, and the expression of the gene products and/or translation of the RNA molecules result in cells that are morphologically, biochemically, and functionally similar to HSCs, as described herein. As used herein, “reprogramming” refers to a process of driving a cell to a state with higher developmental potential, i.e., backwards, to a less differentiated state. In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, reprogramming encompasses a complete or partial reversion of the differentiation state to that of a cell having a multipotent state. In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, reprogramming encompasses a complete or partial reversion of the differentiation state to that of a cell having the state of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, such as a CMP, a CLP, etc. The hematopoietic stem cells induced by the compositions, methods, and kits described herein are termed herein as “induced hematopoietic stem cells,” “iHS cells,” or “iHSCs.” Compositions comprising amino acid or nucleic acid sequences or expression vectors thereof encoding these HSC inducing factors are referred to herein as “HSC inducing compositions.”

As demonstrated herein, over 40 transcription factors were identified that can be introduced into a cell in various combinations as “HSC inducing factors” to generate induced hematopoietic stem cells or iHSCs that are multipotent and capable of differentiating into all or a majority the blood or immune cell types of the hematopoietic system, including, but not limited to, myeloid cells (monocytes and macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes/platelets, dendritic cells), and lymphoid lineages (T-cells, B-cells, NKT-cells, NK-cells), and which have multi-lineage hematopoietic differentiation potential and sustained self-renewal activity. Thus, provided herein, in some aspects, are HSC inducing factors and combinations thereof comprising the genes listed in Table 1, which also provides exemplary sequences for making the identified proteins:

TABLE 1 HSC Inducing Factors GENE Human mRNA SEQ Murine mRNA SEQ NAME REF SEQ ID NOs: REF SEQ ID NOs: CDKN1C NM_000076.2 SEQ ID NM_001161624.1 SEQ ID NO: 1 NO: 47 DNMT3B NM_001207055.1 SEQ ID NM_001003960.4 SEQ ID NO: 2 NO: 48 EGR1 NM_001964.2 SEQ ID NM_133659.2 SEQ ID NO: 3 NO: 49 ETV6 NM_001987.4 SEQ ID NM_007961.3 SEQ ID NO: 4 NO: 50 EVI1 NM_001105078.3 SEQ ID NM_007963.2 SEQ ID NO: 5 NO: 51 GATA2 NM_032638.4 SEQ ID NM_008090.5 SEQ ID NO: 6 NO: 52 GFI1B NM_001135031.1 SEQ ID NM_001160406.1 SEQ ID NO: 7 NO: 53 GLIS2 NM_032575.2 SEQ ID NM_031184.3 SEQ ID NO: 8 NO: 54 HLF NM_002126.4 SEQ ID NM_172563.3 SEQ ID NO: 9 NO: 55 HMGA2 NM_003483.4 SEQ ID NM_010441.2 SEQ ID NO: 10 NO: 56 HOXA5 NM_019102.3 SEQ ID NM_010453.5 SEQ ID NO: 11 NO: 57 HOXA9 NM_152739.3 SEQ ID NM_010456.2 SEQ ID NO: 12 NO: 58 HOXB3 NM_002146.4 SEQ ID NM_001079869.1 SEQ ID NO: 13 NO: 59 HOXB4 NM_024015.4 SEQ ID NM_010459.7 SEQ ID NO: 14 NO: 60 HOXB5 NM_002147.3 SEQ ID NM_008268.2 SEQ ID NO: 15 NO: 61 IGF2BP2 NM_001007225.1 SEQ ID NM_183029.2 SEQ ID NO: 16 NO: 62 IKZF2 NM_001079526.1 SEQ ID NM_011770.4 SEQ ID NO: 17 NO: 63 KLF12 NM_007249.4 SEQ ID NM_010636.3 SEQ ID NO: 18 NO: 64 KLF4 NM_004235.4 SEQ ID NM_010637.3 SEQ ID NO: 19 NO: 65 KLF9 NM_001206.2 SEQ ID NM_010638.4 SEQ ID NO: 20 NO: 66 LMO2 NM_005574.3 SEQ ID NM_001142336.1 SEQ ID NO: 21 NO: 67 MEIS1 NM_002398.2 SEQ ID NM_00193271.1 SEQ ID NO: 22 NO: 68 MSI2 NM_138962.2 SEQ ID NM_054043.3 SEQ ID NO: 23 NO: 69 MYCN NM_005378.4 SEQ ID NM_008709 SEQ ID NO: 24 NO: 70 NAP1L3 NM_004538.5 SEQ ID NM_138742.1 SEQ ID NO: 25 NO: 71 NDN NM_004538.5 SEQ ID NM_010882.3 SEQ ID NO: 26 NO: 72 NFIX NM_001271044.1 SEQ ID NM_001081981.1 SEQ ID NO: 27 NO: 73 NKX2-3 NM_145285.2 SEQ ID NM_008699.2 SEQ ID NO: 28 NO: 74 NR3C2 NM_000901.4 SEQ ID NM_001083906.1 SEQ ID NO: 29 NO: 75 PBX1 NM_001204961.1 SEQ ID NM_008783.2 SEQ ID NO: 30 NO: 76 PRDM16 NM_199454.2 SEQ ID NM_001177995.1 SEQ ID NO: 31 NO: 77 PRDM5 NM_018699.2 SEQ ID NM_027547.2 SEQ ID NO: 32 NO: 78 RARB NM_000965.3 SEQ ID NM_011243.1 SEQ ID NO: 33 NO: 79 RBBP6 NM_006910.4 SEQ ID NM_011247.2 SEQ ID NO: 34 NO: 80 RBPMS NM_001008712.1 SEQ ID NM_019733.2 SEQ ID NO: 35 NO: 81 RUNX1 NM_001001890.2 SEQ ID NM_001111021.1 SEQ ID NO: 36 NO: 82 RUNX1T1 NM_001198625.1 SEQ ID NM_009822.2 SEQ ID NO: 37 NO: 83 SMAD6 NM_001142861.2 SEQ ID NM_008542.3 SEQ ID NO: 38 NO: 84 TAL1 NM_003189.2 SEQ ID NM_011527.2 SEQ ID NO: 39 NO: 85 TCF15 NM_004609.3 SEQ ID NM_009328.2 SEQ ID NO: 40 NO: 86 VDR NM_000376.2 SEQ ID NM_009504.4 SEQ ID NO: 41 NO: 87 ZFP37 NM_003408.1 SEQ ID NM_009554.3 SEQ ID NO: 42 NO: 88 ZFP467 NM_207336.1 SEQ ID NM_001085415.1 SEQ ID NO: 43 NO: 89 ZFP521 NM_015461.2 SEQ ID NM_145492.4 SEQ ID NO: 44 NO: 90 ZFP532 NM_018181.4 SEQ ID NM_207255.2 SEQ ID NO: 45 NO: 91 ZFP612 NM_145911.1 SEQ ID NM_175480.4 SEQ ID NO: 46 NO: 92

In some embodiments, polypeptide variants or family members having the same or a similar activity as the reference polypeptide encoded by the sequences provided in Table 1 can be used in the compositions, methods, and kits described herein. Generally, variants of a particular polypeptide encoding a HSC inducing factor for use in the compositions, methods, and kits described herein will have at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99% or more sequence identity to that particular reference polynucleotide or polypeptide as determined by sequence alignment programs and parameters described herein and known to those skilled in the art.

Accordingly, in some embodiments, the HSC inducing factors for use in the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, are selected from the group consisting of: CDKN1C, DNMT3B, EGR1, ETV6, EVI1, GATA2, GFI1B, GLIS2, HLF, HMGA2, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXB3, HOXB4, HOXB5, IGF2BP2, IKZF2, KLF12, KLF4, KLF9, LMO2, MEIS1, MSI2, MYCN, NAP1L3, NDN, NFIX, NKX2-3, NR3C2, PBX1, PRDM16, PRDM5, RARB, RBBP6, RBPMS, RUNX1, RUNX1T1, SMAD6, TAL1, TCF15, VDR, ZFP37, ZFP467, ZFP521, ZFP532, and ZFP612 (SEQ ID NOs: 1-46).

As demonstrated herein, for example at FIG. 11, exposure to 18 transcription factors from the genes listed in Table 1 provided MPP cells with robust long-term, multi-lineage engraftment properties, characteristic of HSCs, in vivo. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the HSC inducing factors are selected from: HLF, MYCN, MEIS1, IRF6, CDKN1C, NFIX, DNMT3B, ZFP612, PRDM5, HOXB4, LMO2, NKX2-3, RARB, NDN, NAP1L3, RUNX1T1, ZFP467, and ZFP532. Another grouping is a core 6 factors (Runx1t1, HLF, PRDM5, PBX1, LMO2, and ZFP37), and 8 factors (the 6 factors plus MEIS1, MYCN).

As demonstrated herein, for example at FIGS. 13A-13B, exposure to 17 transcription factors from the genes listed in Table 1 provided MPP cells with robust long-term, multi-lineage engraftment properties, characteristic of HSCs, in vivo. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the HSC inducing factors are selected from: HLF, MYCN, MEIS1, IRF6, NFIX, DNMT3B, ZFP612, PRDM5, HOXB4, LMO2, NKX2-3, RARB, NDN, NAP1L3, RUNX1T1, ZFP467, and ZFP532.

As demonstrated herein, for example at FIG. 12, exposure to 9 transcription factors from the genes listed in Table 1 provided MPP cells with robust long-term, multi-lineage engraftment properties, characteristic of HSCs, in vivo. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the HSC inducing factors are selected from: EVI-1, GLIS2, HOXB5, HOXA9, HLF, MEIS1, MYCN, PRDM16, and RUNX1.

As demonstrated herein, for example at FIG. 14, exposure to 8 transcription factors from the genes listed in Table 1 provided MPP cells with robust long-term, multi-lineage engraftment properties, characteristic of HSCs, in vivo. In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the HSC inducing factors are selected from: RUNX1T1, HLF, ZFP467, RBPMS, HOXB5, NAP1L3, MSI2, and IRF6.

In some embodiments of the aspects described herein, the HSC inducing factors for use with the compositions, methods, and kits comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS. As demonstrated herein, the use of these 11 HSC inducing factors together, also referred to herein as “Combination 7” or “C7,” resulted in increased colony formation, altered lineage potential, and multi-lineage reconstitution in vivo, from CMP cells or ProPreB cells. In addition, this combination was shown to have serial long-term transplantation potential in vivo. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the HSC inducing factors are selected from HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS.

In some embodiments of the aspects described herein, the HSC inducing factors for use with the compositions, methods, and kits comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, LMO2, and PRDM5. As demonstrated herein, the use of these 6 HSC inducing factors together, also referred herein as “Combination 6” or “C6,” was able to reprogram ProPreB or CMP cells into cells capable of giving rise to multi-lineage reconstitution in vivo. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the HSC inducing factors are selected from HLF, ZFP37, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, and PRDM5. In some embodiments, the compositions, methods, and kits described herein can further comprise one or more of the HSC inducing factors PRDM16, ZFP467, and VDR.

In some embodiments of the aspects described herein, the HSC inducing factors for use with the compositions, methods, and kits comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of ZFP467, PBX1, HOXB4, and MSI2. As demonstrated herein, the use of these HSC inducing factors together, also referred herein as “Combination 1” or “C1,” was able to reprogram ProPreB cells to myeloid cells. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the HSC inducing factors are selected from ZFP467, PBX1, HOXB4, and MSI2. In some embodiments, the compositions, methods, and kits described herein can further comprise one or more of the HSC inducing factors HLF, LMO2, PRDM16, and ZFP37.

In some embodiments of the aspects described herein, the HSC inducing factors for use with the compositions, methods, and kits comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, and RUNX1T1. As demonstrated herein, the use of these HSC inducing factors together, also referred herein as “Combination 2” or “C2,” was able to reprogram ProPreB cells to iHSCs. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the HSC inducing factors are selected from MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, and RUNX1T1. In some embodiments, the compositions, methods, and kits described herein can further comprise one or more of the HSC inducing factors HOBX5, HLF, ZFP467, HOXB3, LMO2, PBX1, ZFP37, and ZFP521.

In some embodiments of the aspects described herein, the HSC inducing factors for use with the compositions, methods, and kits comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of HOXB4, PBX1, LMO2, ZFP612, and ZFP521. As demonstrated herein, the use of these HSC inducing factors together, also referred herein as “Combination 3” or “C3,” was able to promote the proliferation and survival of ProPreB cells. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the HSC inducing factors are selected from HOXB4, PBX1, LMO2, ZFP612, and ZFP521. In some embodiments, the compositions, methods, and kits described herein can further comprise one or more of the HSC inducing factors KLF12, HLF, and EGR1.

In some embodiments of the aspects described herein, the HSC inducing factors for use with the compositions, methods, and kits comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of MEIS1, RBPMS, ZFP37, RUNX1T1, and LMO2. As demonstrated herein, the use of these HSC inducing factors together, also referred herein as “Combination 4” or “C4,” was able to reprogram CMP cells to iHSCs. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the HSC inducing factors are selected from MEIS1, RBPMS, ZFP37, RUNX1T1, and LMO2. In some embodiments, the compositions, methods, and kits described herein can further comprise one or more of the HSC inducing factors KLF12 and HLF.

In some embodiments of the aspects described herein, the HSC inducing factors for use with the compositions, methods, and kits comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of ZFP37, HOXB4, LMO2, and HLF. As demonstrated herein, the use of these HSC inducing factors together, also referred herein as “Combination 5” or “C5,” was able to reprogram the fates of CMP and ProPreB cells. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the HSC inducing factors are selected from ZFP37, HOXB4, LMO2, and HLF. In some embodiments, the compositions, methods, and kits described herein can further comprise one or more of the HSC inducing factors MYCN, ZFP467, NKX2-3, PBX1, and KLF12ZFP37.

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kids provided herein, the number of HSC inducing factors used or selected to generate iHSCs from a starting somatic cell, such as a fibroblast cell or hematopoietic lineage cell, is at least three. In some embodiments, the number of HSC inducing factors used or selected is at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, at least ten, at least eleven, at least twelve, at least thirteen, at least fourteen, at least fifteen, at least sixteen, at least seventeen, at least eighteen, at least nineteen, at least twenty, or more.

Also provided herein, in various aspects of the compositions, methods, and kits, are isolated amino acid sequences, and isolated DNA or RNA nucleic acid sequences encoding one or more HSC inducing factors for use in making iHSCS.

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the nucleic acid sequence or construct encoding the HSC inducing factor(s), such as HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS, is inserted or operably linked into a suitable expression vector for transfection of cells using standard molecular biology techniques. As used herein, a “vector” refers to a nucleic acid molecule, such as a dsDNA molecule that provides a useful biological or biochemical property to an inserted nucleotide sequence, such as the nucleic acid constructs or replacement cassettes described herein. Examples include plasmids, phages, autonomously replicating sequences (ARS), centromeres, and other sequences that are able to replicate or be replicated in vitro or in a host cell, or to convey a desired nucleic acid segment to a desired location within a host cell. A vector can have one or more restriction endonuclease recognition sites (whether type I, II or IIs) at which the sequences can be cut in a determinable fashion without loss of an essential biological function of the vector, and into which a nucleic acid fragment can be spliced or inserted in order to bring about its replication and cloning. Vectors can also comprise one or more recombination sites that permit exchange of nucleic acid sequences between two nucleic acid molecules. Vectors can further provide primer sites, e.g., for PCR, transcriptional and/or translational initiation and/or regulation sites, recombination signals, replicons, additional selectable markers, etc. A vector can further comprise one or more selectable markers suitable for use in the identification of cells transformed with the vector.

Accordingly, in some aspects, provided herein are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors encoding at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight or more HSC inducing factors selected from: CDKN1C, DNMT3B, EGR1, ETV6, EVI1, GATA2, GFI1B, GLIS2, HLF, HMGA2, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXB3, HOXB4, HOXB5, IGF2BP2, IKZF2, KLF12, KLF4, KLF9, LMO2, MEIS1, MSI2, MYCN, NAP1L3, NDN, NFIX, NKX2-3, NR3C2, PBX1, PRDM16, PRDM5, RARB, RBBP6, RBPMS, RUNX1, RUNX1T1, SMAD6, TAL1, TCF15, VDR, ZFP37, ZFP467, ZFP521, ZFP532, and ZFP612.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, LMO2, and PRDM5.

Also provided herein in some aspects are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the HSC inducing composition further comprises one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding VDR.

Also provided herein in some aspects are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding RBPMS.

In some aspects, provided herein are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising: a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the HSC inducing composition further comprises one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37.

Also provided herein in some aspects are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising: a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the HSC inducing composition further comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB5; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB3; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP521.

In other aspects, provided herein are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors composition comprising: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP521.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the HSC inducing composition further comprises one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding EGR1.

Also provided herein in some aspects are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising: a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding RBPMS; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the HSC inducing composition further comprises one or more of a sequence encoding KLF12; and a sequence encoding HLF.

Also provided herein in some aspects are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising: a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the HSC inducing composition further comprises one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF4.

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the expression vector is a viral vector. Some viral-mediated expression methods employ retrovirus, adenovirus, lentivirus, herpes virus, pox virus, and adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, and such expression methods have been used in gene delivery and are well known in the art.

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the viral vector is a retrovirus. Retroviruses provide a convenient platform for gene delivery. A selected gene can be inserted into a vector and packaged in retroviral particles using techniques known in the art. The recombinant virus can then be isolated and delivered to target cells of the subject either in vivo or ex vivo. A number of retroviral systems have been described. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,219,740; Miller and Rosman (1989) BioTechniques 7:980-90; Miller, A. D. (1990) Human Gene Therapy 1:5-14; Scarpa et al. (1991) Virology 180:849-52; Burns et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:8033-37; Boris-Lawrie and Temin (1993) Curr. Opin. Genet. Develop. 3:102-09. In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the retrovirus is replication deficient. Retroviral vector systems exploit the fact that a minimal vector containing the 5′ and 3′ LTRs and the packaging signal are sufficient to allow vector packaging, infection and integration into target cells, provided that the viral structural proteins are supplied in trans in the packaging cell line. Fundamental advantages of retroviral vectors for gene transfer include efficient infection and gene expression in most cell types, precise single copy vector integration into target cell chromosomal DNA and ease of manipulation of the retroviral genome.

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the viral vector is an adenovirus-based expression vector. Unlike retroviruses, which integrate into the host genome, adenoviruses persist extrachromosomally, thus minimizing the risks associated with insertional mutagenesis (Haj-Ahmad and Graham (1986) J. Virol. 57:267-74; Bett et al. (1993) J. Virol. 67:5911-21; Mittereder et al. (1994) Human Gene Therapy 5:717-29; Seth et al. (1994) J. Virol. 68:933-40; Barr et al. (1994) Gene Therapy 1:51-58; Berkner, K. L. (1988) BioTechniques 6:616-29; and Rich et al. (1993) Human Gene Therapy 4:461-76). Adenoviral vectors infect a wide variety of cells, have a broad host-range, exhibit high efficiencies of infectivity, direct expression of heterologous genes at high levels, and achieve long-term expression of those genes in vivo. The virus is fully infective as a cell-free virion so injection of producer cell lines is not necessary. With regard to safety, adenovirus is not associated with severe human pathology, and the recombinant vectors derived from the virus can be rendered replication defective by deletions in the early-region 1 (“E1”) of the viral genome. Adenovirus can also be produced in large quantities with relative ease. Adenoviral vectors for use in the compositions, methods, and kits described herein can be derived from any of the various adenoviral serotypes, including, without limitation, any of the over 40 serotype strains of adenovirus, such as serotypes 2, 5, 12, 40, and 41. The adenoviral vectors used herein are preferably replication-deficient and contain the HSC inducing factor of interest operably linked to a suitable promoter.

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the nucleic acid sequences encoding the HSC inducing factor(s), such as HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS, are introduced or delivered using one or more inducible lentiviral vectors. Control of expression of HSC inducing factors delivered using one or more inducible lentiviral vectors can be achieved, in some embodiments, by contacting a cell having at least one HSC inducing factor in an expression vector under the control of or operably linked to an inducible promoter, with a regulatory agent (e.g., doxycycline) or other inducing agent. When using some types of inducible lentiviral vectors, contacting such a cell with an inducing agent induces expression of the HSC inducing factors, while withdrawal of the regulatory agent inhibits expression. When using other types of inducible lentiviral vectors, the presence of the regulatory agent inhibits expression, while removal of the regulatory agent permits expression. As used herein, the term “induction of expression” refers to the expression of a gene, such as an HSC inducing factor encoded by an inducible viral vector, in the presence of an inducing agent, for example, or in the presence of one or more agents or factors that cause endogenous expression of the gene in a cell.

In some embodiments of the aspects described herein, a doxycycline (Dox) inducible lentiviral system is used. Unlike retroviruses, lentiviruses are able to transduce quiescent cells making them amenable for transducing a wider variety of hematopoietic cell types. For example, the pHAGE2 lentivirus system has been shown to transduce primary hematopoietic progenitor cells with high efficiency. This vector also carries a reporter cassette (IRES Zs-Green) that enables evaluation of viral transduction efficiencies and purification of transduced cells by FACS. The ability to inducibly turn off introduced transcription factors, as demonstrated herein, is important since the HSC-enriched expression pattern of these TFs indicates their continued enforced expression in induced HSCs can impair differentiation to all lineages. Having an inducible system also allows ascertainment of the stability of the reprogrammed state and assess the establishment and fidelity of HSC transcriptional programs and epigenetic marks once enforced expression of reprogramming factors is lifted.

In some embodiments of the methods described herein, the nucleic acid sequences encoding the HSC inducing factor(s), such as HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS, are introduced or delivered using a non-integrating vector (e.g., adenovirus). While integrating vectors, such as retroviral vectors, incorporate into the host cell genome and can potentially disrupt normal gene function, non-integrating vectors control expression of a gene product by extra-chromosomal transcription. Since non-integrating vectors do not become part of the host genome, non-integrating vectors tend to express a nucleic acid transiently in a cell population. This is due in part to the fact that the non-integrating vectors are often rendered replication deficient. Thus, non-integrating vectors have several advantages over retroviral vectors including, but not limited to: (1) no disruption of the host genome, and (2) transient expression, and (3) no remaining viral integration products. Some non-limiting examples of non-integrating vectors for use with the methods described herein include adenovirus, baculovirus, alphavirus, picornavirus, and vaccinia virus. In some embodiments of the methods described herein, the non-integrating viral vector is an adenovirus. Other advantages of non-integrating viral vectors include the ability to produce them in high titers, their stability in vivo, and their efficient infection of host cells.

The phrases “operably linked,” “operatively positioned,” “operatively linked,” “under control,” and “under transcriptional control” indicate that a nucleic acid sequence, such as a sequence encoding an HSC inducing factor, is in a correct functional location and/or orientation in relation to a promoter and/or endogenous regulatory sequences, such that the promoter and/or endogenous regulatory sequences controls transcriptional initiation and/or expression of that sequence.

The terms “promoter” or “promoter sequence,” as used herein, refer to a nucleic acid sequence that regulates the expression of another nucleic acid sequence by driving RNA polymerase-mediated transcription of the nucleic acid sequence, which can be a heterologous target gene, such as a sequence encoding an HSC inducing factor. A promoter is a control region of a nucleic acid sequence at which initiation and rate of transcription of the remainder of a nucleic acid sequence are controlled. A promoter can also contain one or more genetic elements at which regulatory proteins and molecules can bind. Such regulatory proteins include RNA polymerase and other transcription factors. Accordingly, a promoter can be said to “drive expression” or “drive transcription” of the nucleic acid sequence that it regulates, such as a sequence encoding an HSC inducing factor.

Nucleic acid constructs and vectors for use in generating iHSCs in the compositions, methods, and kits described herein can further comprise, in some embodiments, one or more sequences encoding selection markers for positive and negative selection of cells. Such selection marker sequences can typically provide properties of resistance or sensitivity to antibiotics that are not normally found in the cells in the absence of introduction of the nucleic acid construct. A selectable marker can be used in conjunction with a selection agent, such as an antibiotic, to select in culture for cells expressing the inserted nucleic acid construct. Sequences encoding positive selection markers typically provide antibiotic resistance, i.e., when the positive selection marker sequence is present in the genome of a cell, the cell is sensitive to the antibiotic or agent. Sequences encoding negative selection markers typically provide sensitivity to an antibiotic or agent, i.e., when the negative selection marker is present in the genome of a cell, the cell is sensitive to the antibiotic or agent.

Nucleic acid constructs and vectors for use in making iHSCs in the compositions, methods, and kits thereof described herein can further comprise, in some embodiments, other nucleic acid elements for the regulation, expression, stabilization of the construct or of other vector genetic elements, for example, promoters, enhancers, TATA-box, ribosome binding sites, IRES, as known to one of ordinary skill in the art.

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the HSC inducing factor(s), such as HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS, are provided as synthetic, modified RNAs, or introduced or delivered into a cell as a synthetic, modified RNA, as described in US Patent Publication 2012-0046346-A1, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties. In those embodiments where synthetic, modified RNAs are used to reprogram cells to iHSCs according to the methods described herein, the methods can involve repeated contacting of the cells or involve repeated transfections of the synthetic, modified RNAs encoding HSC inducing factors, such as for example, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 11, at least 12, at least 13, at least 14, at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, or more transfections.

In addition to one or more modified nucleosides, the modified mRNAs for use in the compositions, methods, and kits described herein can comprise any additional modifications known to one of skill in the art and as described in US Patent Publications 2012-0046346-A1 and 20120251618A1, and PCT Publication WO 2012/019168. Such other components include, for example, a 5′ cap (e.g., the Anti-Reverse Cap Analog (ARCA) cap, which contains a 5′-5′-triphosphate guanine-guanine linkage where one guanine contains an N7 methyl group as well as a 3′-O-methyl group; caps created using recombinant Vaccinia Virus Capping Enzyme and recombinant 2′-O-methyltransferase enzyme, which can create a canonical 5′-5′-triphosphate linkage between the 5′-most nucleotide of an mRNA and a guanine nucleotide where the guanine contains an N7 methylation and the ultimate 5′-nucleotide contains a 2′-O-methyl generating the Cap1 structure); a poly(A) tail (e.g., a poly-A tail greater than 30 nucleotides in length, greater than 35 nucleotides in length, at least 40 nucleotides, at least 45 nucleotides, at least 55 nucleotides, at least 60 nucleotide, at least 70 nucleotides, at least 80 nucleotides, at least 90 nucleotides, at least 100 nucleotides, at least 200 nucleotides, at least 300 nucleotides, at least 400 nucleotides, at least 500 nucleotides, at least 600 nucleotides, at least 700 nucleotides, at least 800 nucleotides, at least 900 nucleotides, at least 1000 nucleotides, or more) (SEQ ID NO: 93); a Kozak sequence; a 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR); a 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR); one or more intronic nucleotide sequences capable of being excised from the nucleic acid, or any combination thereof.

The modified mRNAs for use in the compositions, methods, and kits described herein can further comprise an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). An IRES can act as the sole ribosome binding site, or can serve as one of multiple ribosome binding sites of an mRNA. An mRNA containing more than one functional ribosome binding site can encode several peptides or polypeptides, such as the HSC inducing factors described herein, that are translated independently by the ribosomes (“multicistronic mRNA”). When nucleic acids are provided with an IRES, further optionally provided is a second translatable region. Examples of IRES sequences that can be used according to the invention include without limitation, those from picornaviruses (e.g. FMDV), pest viruses (CFFV), polio viruses (PV), encephalomyocarditis viruses (ECMV), foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV), hepatitis C viruses (HCV), classical swine fever viruses (CSFV), murine leukemia virus (MLV), simian immune deficiency viruses (SW) or cricket paralysis viruses (CrPV).

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the synthetic, modified RNA molecule comprises at least one modified nucleoside. In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the synthetic, modified RNA molecule comprises at least two modified nucleosides.

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the modified nucleosides are selected from the group consisting of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 3,2′-O-dimethyluridine (m4U), 2-thiouridine (s2U), 2′ fluorouridine, pseudouridine, 2′-O-methyluridine (Um), 2′deoxy uridine (2′ dU), 4-thiouridine (s4U), 5-methyluridine (m5U), 2′-O-methyladenosine (m6A), N6,2′-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), N6,N6,2′-O-trimethyladenosine (m62Am), 2′-O-methylcytidine (Cm), 7-methylguanosine (m7G), 2′-O-methylguanosine (Gm), N2,7-dimethylguanosine (m2,7G), N2,N2,7-trimethylguanosine (m2,2,7G), and inosine (I). In some embodiments, the modified nucleosides are 5-methylcytosine (5mC), pseudouracil, or a combination thereof.

Modified mRNAs need not be uniformly modified along the entire length of the molecule. Different nucleotide modifications and/or backbone structures can exist at various positions in the nucleic acid. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the nucleotide analogs or other modification(s) can be located at any position(s) of a nucleic acid such that the function of the nucleic acid is not substantially decreased. A modification can also be a 5′ or 3′ terminal modification. The nucleic acids can contain at a minimum one and at maximum 100% modified nucleotides, or any intervening percentage, such as at least 50% modified nucleotides, at least 80% modified nucleotides, or at least 90% modified nucleotides.

In some embodiments, it is preferred, but not absolutely necessary, that each occurrence of a given nucleoside in a molecule is modified (e.g., each cytosine is a modified cytosine e.g., 5-methylcytosine, each uracil is a modified uracil, e.g., pseudouracil, etc.). For example, the modified mRNAs can comprise a modified pyrimidine such as uracil or cytosine. In some embodiments, at least 25%, at least 50%, at least 80%, at least 90% or 100% of the uracil in the nucleic acid are replaced with a modified uracil. It is also contemplated that different occurrences of the same nucleoside can be modified in a different way in a given synthetic, modified RNA molecule. The modified uracil can be replaced by a compound having a single unique structure, or can be replaced by a plurality of compounds having different structures (e.g., 2, 3, 4 or more unique structures). In some embodiments, at least 25%, at least 50%, at least 80%, at least 90% or 100% of the cytosine in the nucleic acid may be replaced with a modified cytosine. The modified cytosine can be replaced by a compound having a single unique structure, or can be replaced by a plurality of compounds having different structures (e.g., 2, 3, 4 or more unique structures) (e.g., some cytosines modified as 5mC, others modified as 2′-O-methylcytosine or other cytosine analog). Such multi-modified synthetic RNA molecules can be produced by using a ribonucleoside blend or mixture comprising all the desired modified nucleosides, such that when the RNA molecules are being synthesized, only the desired modified nucleosides are incorporated into the resulting RNA molecule encoding the HSC inducing factor.

As used herein, “unmodified” or “natural” nucleosides or nucleobases include the purine bases adenine (A) and guanine (G), and the pyrimidine bases thymine (T), cytosine (C) and uracil (U). Modified nucleosides include other synthetic and natural nucleobases such as inosine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, nubularine, isoguanisine, tubercidine, 2-(halo)adenine, 2-(alkyl)adenine, 2-(propyl)adenine, 2 (amino)adenine, 2-(aminoalkyll)adenine, 2 (aminopropyl)adenine, 2 (methylthio) N6 (isopentenyl)adenine, 6 (alkyl)adenine, 6 (methyl)adenine, 7 (deaza)adenine, 8 (alkenyl)adenine, 8-(alkyl)adenine, 8 (alkynyl)adenine, 8 (amino)adenine, 8-(halo)adenine, 8-(hydroxyl)adenine, 8 (thioalkyl)adenine, 8-(thiol)adenine, N6-(isopentyl)adenine, N6 (methyl)adenine, N6,N6 (dimethyl)adenine, 2-(alkyl)guanine, 2 (propyl)guanine, 6-(alkyl)guanine, 6 (methyl)guanine, 7 (alkyl)guanine, 7 (methyl)guanine, 7 (deaza)guanine, 8 (alkyl)guanine, 8-(alkenyl)guanine, 8 (alkynyl)guanine, 8-(amino)guanine, 8 (halo)guanine, 8-(hydroxyl)guanine, 8 (thioalkyl)guanine, 8-(thiol)guanine, N(methyl)guanine, 2-(thio)cytosine, 3 (deaza) 5 (aza)cytosine, 3-(alkyl)cytosine, 3 (methyl)cytosine, 5-(alkyl)cytosine, 5-(alkynyl)cytosine, 5 (halo)cytosine, 5 (methyl)cytosine, 5 (propynyl)cytosine, 5 (propynyl)cytosine, 5 (trifluoromethyl)cytosine, 6-(azo)cytosine, N4 (acetyl)cytosine, 3 (3 amino-3 carboxypropyl)uracil, 2-(thio)uracil, 5 (methyl) 2 (thio)uracil, 5 (methylaminomethyl)-2 (thio)uracil, 4-(thio)uracil, 5 (methyl) 4 (thio)uracil, 5 (methylaminomethyl)-4 (thio)uracil, 5 (methyl) 2,4 (dithio)uracil, 5 (methylaminomethyl)-2,4 (dithio)uracil, 5 (2-aminopropyl)uracil, 5-(alkyl)uracil, 5-(alkynyl)uracil, 5-(allylamino)uracil, 5 (aminoallyl)uracil, 5 (aminoalkyl)uracil, 5 (guanidiniumalkyl)uracil, 5 (1,3-diazole-1-alkyl)uracil, 5-(cyanoalkyl)uracil, 5-(dialkylaminoalkyl)uracil, 5 (dimethylaminoalkyl)uracil, 5-(halo)uracil, 5-(methoxy)uracil, uracil-5 oxyacetic acid, 5 (methoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-(thio)uracil, 5 (methoxycarbonyl-methyl)uracil, 5 (propynyl)uracil, 5 (propynyl)uracil, 5 (trifluoromethyl)uracil, 6 (azo)uracil, dihydrouracil, N3 (methyl)uracil, 5-uracil (i.e., pseudouracil), 2 (thio)pseudouracil, 4 (thio)pseudouracil, 2,4-(dithio)psuedouracil, 5-(alkyl)pseudouracil, 5-(methyl)pseudouracil, 5-(alkyl)-2-(thio)pseudouracil, 5-(methyl)-2-(thio)pseudouracil, 5-(alkyl)-4 (thio)pseudouracil, 5-(methyl)-4 (thio)pseudouracil, 5-(alkyl)-2,4 (dithio)pseudouracil, 5-(methyl)-2,4 (dithio)pseudouracil, 1 substituted pseudouracil, 1 substituted 2(thio)-pseudouracil, 1 substituted 4 (thio)pseudouracil, 1 substituted 2,4-(dithio)pseudouracil, 1 (aminocarbonylethylenyl)-pseudouracil, 1 (aminocarbonylethylenyl)-2(thio)-pseudouracil, 1 (aminocarbonylethylenyl)-4 (thio)pseudouracil, 1 (aminocarbonylethylenyl)-2,4-(dithio)pseudouracil, 1 (aminoalkylaminocarbonylethylenyl)-pseudouracil, 1 (aminoalkylaminocarbonylethylenyl)-2(thio)-pseudouracil, 1 (aminoalkylaminocarbonylethylenyl)-4 (thio)pseudouracil, 1 (aminoalkylaminocarbonylethylenyl)-2,4-(dithio)pseudouracil, 1,3-(diaza)-2-(oxo)-phenoxazin-1-yl, 1-(aza)-2-(thio)-3-(aza)-phenoxazin-1-yl, 1,3-(diaza)-2-(oxo)-phenthiazin-1-yl, 1-(aza)-2-(thio)-3-(aza)-phenthiazin-1-yl, 7-substituted 1,3-(diaza)-2-(oxo)-phenoxazin-1-yl, 7-substituted 1-(aza)-2-(thio)-3-(aza)-phenoxazin-1-yl, 7-substituted 1,3-(diaza)-2-(oxo)-phenthiazin-1-yl, 7-substituted 1-(aza)-2-(thio)-3-(aza)-phenthiazin-1-yl, 7-(aminoalkylhydroxy)-1,3-(diaza)-2-(oxo)-phenoxazin-1-yl, 7-(aminoalkylhydroxy)-1-(aza)-2-(thio)-3-(aza)-phenoxazin-1-yl, 7-(aminoalkylhydroxy)-1,3-(diaza)-2-(oxo)-phenthiazin-1-yl, 7-(aminoalkylhydroxy)-1-(aza)-2-(thio)-3-(aza)-phenthiazin-1-yl, 7-(guanidiniumalkylhydroxy)-1,3-(diaza)-2-(oxo)-phenoxazin-1-yl, 7-(guanidiniumalkylhydroxy)-1-(aza)-2-(thio)-3-(aza)-phenoxazin-1-yl, 7-(guanidiniumalkyl-hydroxy)-1,3-(diaza)-2-(oxo)-phenthiazin-1-yl, 7-(guanidiniumalkylhydroxy)-1-(aza)-2-(thio)-3-(aza)-phenthiazin-1-yl, 1,3,5-(triaza)-2,6-(dioxa)-naphthalene, inosine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, nubularine, tubercidine, isoguanisine, inosinyl, 2-aza-inosinyl, 7-deaza-inosinyl, nitroimidazolyl, nitropyrazolyl, nitrobenzimidazolyl, nitroindazolyl, aminoindolyl, pyrrolopyrimidinyl, 3-(methyl)isocarbostyrilyl, 5-(methyl)isocarbostyrilyl, 3-(methyl)-7-(propynyl)isocarbostyrilyl, 7-(aza)indolyl, 6-(methyl)-7-(aza)indolyl, imidizopyridinyl, 9-(methyl)-imidizopyridinyl, pyrrolopyrizinyl, isocarbostyrilyl, 7-(propynyl)isocarbostyrilyl, propynyl-7-(aza)indolyl, 2,4,5-(trimethyl)phenyl, 4-(methyl)indolyl, 4,6-(dimethyl)indolyl, phenyl, napthalenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthracenyl, pyrenyl, stilbenyl, tetracenyl, pentacenyl, difluorotolyl, 4-(fluoro)-6-(methyl)benzimidazole, 4-(methyl)benzimidazole, 6-(azo)thymine, 2-pyridinone, 5 nitroindole, 3 nitropyrrole, 6-(aza)pyrimidine, 2 (amino)purine, 2,6-(diamino)purine, 5 substituted pyrimidines, N2-substituted purines, N6-substituted purines, 06-substituted purines, substituted 1,2,4-triazoles, pyrrolo-pyrimidin-2-on-3-yl, 6-phenyl-pyrrolo-pyrimidin-2-on-3-yl, para-substituted-6-phenyl-pyrrolo-pyrimidin-2-on-3-yl, ortho-substituted-6-phenyl-pyrrolo-pyrimidin-2-on-3-yl, bis-ortho-substituted-6-phenyl-pyrrolo-pyrimidin-2-on-3-yl, para-(aminoalkylhydroxy)-6-phenyl-pyrrolo-pyrimidin-2-on-3-yl, ortho-(aminoalkylhydroxy)-6-phenyl-pyrrolo-pyrimidin-2-on-3-yl, bis-ortho-(aminoalkylhydroxy)-6-phenyl-pyrrolo-pyrimidin-2-on-3-yl, pyridopyrimidin-3-yl, 2-oxo-7-amino-pyridopyrimidin-3-yl, 2-oxo-pyridopyrimidine-3-yl, or any O-alkylated or N-alkylated derivatives thereof.

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, modified nucleosides include 5-aza-cytidine, pseudoisocytidine, 3-methyl-cytidine, N4-acetylcytidine, 5-formylcytidine, N4-methylcytidine, 5-hydroxymethylcytidine, 1-methyl-pseudoisocytidine, pyrrolo-cytidine, pyrrolo-pseudoisocytidine, 2-thio-cytidine, 2-thio-5-methyl-cytidine, 4-thio-pseudoisocytidine, 4-thio-1-methyl-pseudoisocytidine, 4-thio-1-methyl-1-deaza-pseudoisocytidine, 1-methyl-1-deaza-pseudoisocytidine, zebularine, 5-aza-zebularine, 5-methyl-zebularine, 5-aza-2-thio-zebularine, 2-thio-zebularine, 2-methoxy-cytidine, 2-methoxy-5-methyl-cytidine, 4-methoxy-pseudoisocytidine, and 4-methoxy-1-methyl-pseudoisocytidine.

In other embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, modified nucleosides include 2-aminopurine, 2,6-diaminopurine, 7-deaza-adenine, 7-deaza-8-aza-adenine, 7-deaza-2-aminopurine, 7-deaza-8-aza-2-aminopurine, 7-deaza-2,6-diaminopurine, 7-deaza-8-aza-2,6-diaminopurine, 1-methyladenosine, N6-methyladenosine, N6-isopentenyladenosine, N6-(cis-hydroxyisopentenyl)adenosine, 2-methylthio-N6-(cis-hydroxyisopentenyl) adenosine, N6-glycinylcarbamoyladenosine, N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine, 2-methylthio-N6-threonyl carbamoyladenosine, N6,N6-dimethyladenosine, 7-methyladenine, 2-methylthio-adenine, and 2-methoxy-adenine.

In other embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, modified nucleosides include inosine, 1-methyl-inosine, wyosine, wybutosine, 7-deaza-guanosine, 7-deaza-8-aza-guanosine, 6-thio-guanosine, 6-thio-7-deaza-guanosine, 6-thio-7-deaza-8-aza-guanosine, 7-methyl-guanosine, 6-thio-7-methyl-guanosine, 7-methylinosine, 6-methoxy-guanosine, 1-methylguanosine, N2-methylguanosine, N2,N2-dimethylguanosine, 8-oxo-guanosine, 7-methyl-8-oxo-guanosine, l-methyl-6-thio-guanosine, N2-methyl-6-thio-guanosine, and N2,N2-dimethyl-6-thio-guanosine.

In certain embodiments it is desirable to intracellularly degrade a modified nucleic acid introduced into the cell, for example if precise timing of protein production is desired. Thus, in some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, provided herein are modified nucleic acids comprising a degradation domain, which is capable of being acted on in a directed manner within a cell.

Modified nucleosides also include natural bases that comprise conjugated moieties, e.g. a ligand. As discussed herein above, the RNA containing the modified nucleosides must be translatable in a host cell (i.e., does not prevent translation of the polypeptide encoded by the modified RNA). For example, transcripts containing s2U and m6A are translated poorly in rabbit reticulocyte lysates, while pseudouridine, m5U, and m5C are compatible with efficient translation. In addition, it is known in the art that 2′-fluoro-modified bases useful for increasing nuclease resistance of a transcript, leads to very inefficient translation. Translation can be assayed by one of ordinary skill in the art using e.g., a rabbit reticulocyte lysate translation assay.

Accordingly, provided herein, in some aspects are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition comprising modified mRNA sequences encoding at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seve, eight or more HSC inducing factors selected from: CDKN1C, DNMT3B, EGR1, ETV6, EVI1, GATA2, GFI1B, GLIS2, HLF, HMGA2, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXB3, HOXB4, HOXB5, IGF2BP2, IKZF2, KLF12, KLF4, KLF9, LMO2, MEIS1, MSI2, MYCN, NAP1L3, NDN, NFIX, NKX2-3, NR3C2, PBX1, PRDM16, PRDM5, RARB, RBBP6, RBPMS, RUNX1, RUNX1T1, SMAD6, TAL1, TCF15, VDR, ZFP37, ZFP467, ZFP521, ZFP532, and ZFP612, wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, LMO2, and PRDM5

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising: a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37; a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM5; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the HSC inducing composition further comprises one or more of: a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM16; a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding VDR; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising: a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM5; a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37; a modified mRNA sequence encoding MYCN; a modified mRNA sequence encoding MSI2; a modified mRNA sequence encoding NKX2-3; a modified mRNA sequence encoding MEIS1; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding RBPMS; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Also provided herein are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising: a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467; a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB4; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding MSI2; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the HSC inducing composition further comprises one or more of: a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM16; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37, wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising: a modified mRNA sequence encoding MYCN; a modified mRNA sequence encoding MSI2; a modified mRNA sequence encoding NKX2-3; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the HSC inducing composition further comprises one or more of: a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB5; a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467; a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB3; a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP521; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising: a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB4; a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP521; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the HSC inducing composition further comprises one or more of: a modified mRNA sequence encoding KLF12; a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding EGR; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Also provided herein are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising: a modified mRNA sequence encoding MEIS1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding RBPMS; a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37; a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the HSC inducing composition further comprises one or more of: a modified mRNA sequence encoding KLF12; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Also provided herein are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising: a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37; a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB4; a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the HSC inducing composition further comprises one or more of: a modified mRNA encoding MYCN; a modified mRNA encoding ZFP467; a modified mRNA encoding NKX2-3; a modified mRNA encoding PBX1; and a modified mRNA encoding KLF4; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the modified cytosine is 5-methylcytosine and the modified uracil is pseudouridine.

The modified mRNAs encoding HSC inducing factors described herein can be synthesized and/or modified by methods well established in the art, such as those described in “Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry,” Beaucage, S. L. et al. (Edrs.), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., USA, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the modified mRNAs encoding the HSC inducing factor(s), such as HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS, are generated using the IVT templates and constructs, and methods thereof for rapidly and efficiently generating synthetic RNAs described in PCT Application No.: PCT/US12/64359, filed Nov. 9, 2012, and as described in US 20120251618 A1, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties. In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the synthetic, modified RNAs encoding the HSC inducing factor(s), such as HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS, are delivered and formulated as described in US 20120251618 A1.

One of skill in the art can easily monitor the expression level of the polypeptide encoded by a synthetic, modified RNA using e.g., Western blotting techniques or immunocytochemistry techniques. A synthetic, modified RNA can be administered at a frequency and dose that permit a desired level of expression of the polypeptide. Each different modified mRNA can be administered at its own dose and frequency to permit appropriate expression. In addition, since the modified RNAs administered to the cell are transient in nature (i.e., are degraded over time) one of skill in the art can easily remove or stop expression of a modified RNA by halting further transfections and permitting the cell to degrade the modified RNA over time. The modified RNAs will degrade in a manner similar to cellular mRNAs.

Accordingly, in some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, a plurality of synthetic, modified RNAs encoding HSC inducing factors can be contacted with, or introduced to, a cell, population of cells, or cell culture simultaneously. In other embodiments, the plurality of synthetic, modified RNAs encoding HSC inducing factors can be contacted with, or introduced to, a cell, population of cells, or cell culture separately. In addition, each modified RNA encoding an HSC inducing factor can be administered according to its own dosage regime.

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, a modified RNA encoding an HSC inducing factor can be introduced into target cells by transfection or lipofection. Suitable agents for transfection or lipofection include, for example, calcium phosphate, DEAE dextran, lipofectin, lipofectamine, DIMRIE C™, Superfect™, and Effectin™ (Qiagen™) Unifectin™, Maxifectin™, DOTMA, DOGS™ (Transfectam; dioctadecylamidoglycylspermine), DOPE (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine), DOTAP (1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane), DDAB (dimethyl dioctadecylammonium bromide), DHDEAB (N,N-di-n-hexadecyl-N,N-dihydroxyethyl ammonium bromide), HDEAB (N-n-hexadecyl-N,N-dihydroxyethylammonium bromide), polybrene, poly(ethylenimine) (PEI), and the like. (See, e.g., Banerjee et al., Med. Chem. 42:4292-99 (1999); Godbey et al., Gene Ther. 6:1380-88 (1999); Kichler et al., Gene Ther. 5:855-60 (1998); Birchaa et al., J. Pharm. 183:195-207 (1999)).

In some embodiments, a modified RNA can be transfected into target cells as a complex with cationic lipid carriers (e.g., OLIGOFECTAMINE™) or non-cationic lipid-based carriers (e.g., Transit-TKOTM™, Mirus Bio LLC, Madison, Wis.).

In some embodiments of the aspects described herein, the synthetic, modified RNA is introduced into a cell using a transfection reagent. Some exemplary transfection reagents include, for example, cationic lipids, such as lipofectin (Junichi et al, U.S. Pat. No. 5,705,188), cationic glycerol derivatives, and polycationic molecules, such as polylysine (Lollo et al., PCT Application WO 97/30731). Examples of commercially available transfection reagents are known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

In other embodiments, highly branched organic compounds, termed “dendrimers,” can be used to bind the exogenous nucleic acid, such as the synthetic, modified RNAs described herein, and introduce it into the cell.

In other embodiments of the aspects described herein, non-chemical methods of transfection are contemplated. Such methods include, but are not limited to, electroporation, sonoporation, the use of a gene gun, magnetofection, and impalefection, and others, as known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Other agents may be utilized to enhance the penetration of the administered nucleic acids, including glycols, such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, pyrrols such as 2-pyrrol, azones, and terpenes, such as limonene and menthone.

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, a modified RNA encoding an HSC inducing factor is formulated in conjunction with one or more penetration enhancers, surfactants and/or chelators. Suitable surfactants include fatty acids and/or esters or salts thereof, bile acids and/or salts thereof. In some embodiments, combinations of penetration enhancers are used, for example, fatty acids/salts in combination with bile acids/salts. One exemplary combination is the sodium salt of lauric acid, capric acid and UDCA. Further penetration enhancers include polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene-20-cetyl ether.

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, a modified RNA encoding an HSC inducing factor is formulated into any of many possible administration forms, including a sustained release form. In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, formulations comprising a plurality of different synthetic, modified RNAs encoding HSC inducing factors are prepared by first mixing all members of a plurality of different synthetic, modified RNAs, and then complexing the mixture comprising the plurality of different synthetic, modified RNAs with a desired ligand or targeting moiety, such as a lipid. The compositions can be formulated as suspensions in aqueous, non-aqueous or mixed media. Aqueous suspensions can further contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension including, for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sorbitol and/or dextran. The suspension can also contain stabilizers.

The compositions described herein can be prepared and formulated as emulsions for the delivery of synthetic, modified RNAs. Emulsions can contain further components in addition to the dispersed phases, and the active drug (i.e., synthetic, modified RNA) which can be present as a solution in either the aqueous phase, oily phase or itself as a separate phase. Pharmaceutical excipients such as emulsifiers, stabilizers, dyes, and anti-oxidants can also be present in emulsions as needed. Emulsions can also be multiple emulsions that are comprised of more than two phases such as, for example, in the case of oil-in-water-in-oil (o/w/o) and water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsions. Emulsifiers can broadly be classified into four categories: synthetic surfactants, naturally occurring emulsifiers, absorption bases, and finely dispersed solids (see e.g., Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, Allen, L V., Popovich N G., and Ansel H C., 2004, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (8th ed.), New York, N.Y.; Idson, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199).

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, a modified RNA encoding an HSC inducing factor can be encapsulated in a nanoparticle. Methods for nanoparticle packaging are well known in the art, and are described, for example, in Bose S, et al (Role of Nucleolin in Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Infection of Human Lung Epithelial Cells. J. Virol. 78:8146. 2004); Dong Y et al. Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)/montmorillonite nanoparticles for oral delivery of anticancer drugs. Biomaterials 26:6068. 2005); Lobenberg R. et al (Improved body distribution of 14C-labelled AZT bound to nanoparticles in rats determined by radioluminography. J Drug Target 5:171.1998); Sakuma S R et al (Mucoadhesion of polystyrene nanoparticles having surface hydrophilic polymeric chains in the gastrointestinal tract. Int J Pharm 177:161. 1999); Virovic L et al. Novel delivery methods for treatment of viral hepatitis: an update. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2:707.2005); and Zimmermann E et al, Electrolyte- and pH-stabilities of aqueous solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) dispersions in artificial gastrointestinal media. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 52:203. 2001), the contents of which are herein incorporated in their entireties by reference.

While it is understood that iHSCs can be generated by delivery of HSC inducing factors in the form of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) or amino acid sequences, in some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, iHSC induction can be induced using other methods, such as, for example, by treatment of cells with an agent, such as a small molecule or cocktail of small molecules, that induce expression one or more of the HSC inducing factors.

The term “agent” as used herein means any compound or substance such as, but not limited to, a small molecule, nucleic acid, polypeptide, peptide, drug, ion, etc. An “agent” can be any chemical, entity or moiety, including without limitation synthetic and naturally-occurring proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous entities. In some embodiments, an agent is nucleic acid, nucleic acid analogues, proteins, antibodies, peptides, aptamers, oligomer of nucleic acids, amino acids, or carbohydrates including without limitation proteins, oligonucleotides, ribozymes, DNAzymes, glycoproteins, siRNAs, lipoproteins, aptamers, and modifications and combinations thereof etc. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is DNA or RNA, and nucleic acid analogues, for example can be PNA, pcPNA and LNA. A nucleic acid may be single or double stranded, and can be selected from a group comprising; nucleic acid encoding a protein of interest, oligonucleotides, PNA, etc. Such nucleic acid sequences include, for example, but not limited to, nucleic acid sequence encoding proteins that act as transcriptional repressors, antisense molecules, ribozymes, small inhibitory nucleic acid sequences, for example but not limited to RNAi, shRNAi, siRNA, micro RNAi (mRNAi), antisense oligonucleotides etc. A protein and/or peptide agent or fragment thereof, can be any protein of interest, for example, but not limited to; mutated proteins; therapeutic proteins; truncated proteins, wherein the protein is normally absent or expressed at lower levels in the cell. Proteins of interest can be selected from a group comprising; mutated proteins, genetically engineered proteins, peptides, synthetic peptides, recombinant proteins, chimeric proteins, antibodies, humanized proteins, humanized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, modified proteins and fragments thereof.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are methods of making, preparing, or generating induced hematopoietic stem cells using one or more expression vectors or one or more modified mRNA sequences encoding specific combinations of the HSC inducing factors described herein, such as at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more of the HSC inducing factors selected from: CDKN1C, DNMT3B, EGR1, ETV6, EVI1, GATA2, GFI1B, GLIS2, HLF, HMGA2, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXB3, HOXB4, HOXB5, IGF2BP2, IKZF2, KLF12, KLF4, KLF9, LMO2, MEIS1, MSI2, MYCN, NAP1L3, NDN, NFIX, NKX2-3, NR3C2, PBX1, PRDM16, PRDM5, RARB, RBBP6, RBPMS, RUNX1, RUNX1T1, SMAD6, TAL1, TCF15, VDR, ZFP37, ZFP467, ZFP521, ZFP532, and ZFP612.

Accordingly, provided herein, in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

-   -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid         sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding         PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid         sequence encoding LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding         PRDM5, wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably         linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that         supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing         an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these methods and all such method described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding VDR.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

-   -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid         sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding         PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid         sequence encoding PRDM5; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;         a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic acid sequence         encoding MSI2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3; a         nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1; and a nucleic acid         sequence encoding RBPMS; wherein each said nucleic acid sequence         is operably linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that         supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing         an iHSC.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

-   -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467, a nucleic         acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding         HOXB4; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2; wherein each         said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that         supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing         an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these methods and all such method described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

-   -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic acid         sequence encoding MSI2, a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3;         and a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; wherein each said         nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that         supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing         an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these methods and all such method described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB5; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB3; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP521.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

-   -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic         acid sequence encoding PBX1, a nucleic acid sequence encoding         LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and a nucleic         acid sequence encoding ZFP521; wherein each said nucleic acid         sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that         supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing         an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these methods and all such method described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding EGR1.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

-   -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1; a nucleic         acid sequence encoding RBPMS; a nucleic acid sequence encoding         ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; and a nucleic         acid sequence encoding LMO2; wherein each said nucleic acid         sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that         supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing         an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these methods and all such method described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

-   -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic         acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic acid sequence encoding         LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; wherein each         said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that         supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing         an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these methods and all such method described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

-   -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors         comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic         acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic acid sequence encoding         LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; wherein each         said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and     -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that         supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing         an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these methods and all such method described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

-   -   a. repeatedly transfecting a somatic cell with one or more         modified mRNA sequences encoding at least one, two, three, four,         five, six, seve, eight, or more HSC inducing factors selected         from: CDKN1C, DNMT3B, EGR1, ETV6, EVI1, GATA2, GFI1B, GLIS2,         HLF, HMGA2, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXB3, HOXB4, HOXB5, IGF2BP2, IKZF2,         KLF12, KLF4, KLF9, LMO2, MEIS1, MSI2, MYCN, NAP1L3, NDN, NFIX,         NKX2-3, NR3C2, PBX1, PRDM16, PRDM5, RARB, RBBP6, RBPMS, RUNX1,         RUNX1T1, SMAD6, TAL1, TCF15, VDR, ZFP37, ZFP467, ZFP521, ZFP532,         and ZFP612, wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA         sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the         modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination         thereof     -   b. culturing the transfected somatic cell in a cell media that         supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing         an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these methods and all such methods described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors of step (a) are HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS.

In some embodiments of these methods and all such methods described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors of step (a) are HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, LMO2, and PRDM5. In some such embodiments, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors of step (a) further comprise one or more of: PRDM16; ZFP467; and VDR.

In some embodiments of these methods and all such methods described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors of step (a) are HLF; RUNX1T1; PBX1; LMO2; PRDM5; ZFP37; MYCN; MSI2; NKX2-3; MEIS1; and RBPMS.

In some embodiments of these methods and all such methods described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors of step (a) are ZFP467; PBX1; HOXB4; and MSI2. In some such embodiments, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors of step (a) further comprise one or more of: HLF; LMO2; PRDM16; and ZFP37.

In some embodiments of these methods and all such methods described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors of step (a) are MYCN; MSI2; NKX2-3; and RUNX1T1. In some such embodiments, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors of step (a) further comprise one or more of: HOXB5; HLF; ZFP467; HOXB3; LMO2; PBX1; ZFP37; and ZFP521.

In some embodiments of these methods and all such methods described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors of step (a) are HOXB4; PBX1; LMO2; ZFP467; and ZFP521. In some such embodiments, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors of step (a) further comprise one or more of: KLF12; HLF; and EGR.

In some embodiments of these methods and all such methods described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors of step (a) are MEIS1; RBPMS; ZFP37; RUNX1T1; and LMO2. In some such embodiments, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors of step (a) further comprise one or more of: KLF12; and HLF.

In some embodiments of these methods and all such methods described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors of step (a) are ZFP37; HOXB4; LMO2; and HLF. In some such embodiments, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors of step (a) further comprise one or more of: MYCN; ZFP467; NKX2-3; PBX1; and KLF4.

Detection of expression of HSC inducing factors introduced into cells or induced in a cell population using the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, can be achieved by any of several techniques known to those of skill in the art including, for example, Western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry, and fluorescence-mediated detection.

In order to distinguish whether a given combination of HSC inducing factors has generated iHSCs or other committed progenitors, one or more HSC activities or parameters can be measured, such as, in some embodiments, differential expression of surface antigens. The generation of induced HSCs using the compositions, methods, and kits described herein preferably causes the appearance of the cell surface phenotype characteristic of endogenous HSCs, such as lineage marker negative, Sca1-positive, cKit-positive (or LSK cells), CD34-negative, Flk2-negative, CD48-negative, and CD150-positive or as CD150+CD48−CD244−, for example.

HSCs are most reliably distinguished from committed progenitors by their functional behavior. Functional aspects of HSC phenotypes, or hematopoietic stem cell activities, such as the ability of an HSC to give rise to long-term, multi-lineage reconstitution in a recipient, can be easily determined by one of skill in the art using routine methods known in the art, and as described herein, for example, in the Examples and the Drawings, i.e., FIGS. 1-57C. In some embodiments of the aspects described herein, functional assays to identify reprogramming factors can be used. For example, in some embodiments, Colony forming cell (CFC) activity in methylcellulose can be used to confirm multi-lineage (granulocytes, macrophages, megakaryocytes and erythrocytes) potential of iHSCs generated using the compositions, methods, and kits thereof. Serial plating can be used to confirm self-renewal potential of iHSCs generated using the compositions, methods, and kits described herein. Lymphoid potential of iHSCs generated using the compositions, methods, and kits described herein can be evaluated by culturing transduced cells on OP9 and OP9delta stromal cells, followed by immunostaining on day 14 for B- and T-cells, respectively.

As used herein, “cellular parameter,” “HSC parameter,” or “hematopoietic stem cell activity” refer to measureable components or qualities of endogenous or natural HSCs, particularly components that can be accurately measured. A cellular parameter can be any measurable parameter related to a phenotype, function, or behavior of a cell. Such cellular parameters include, changes in characteristics and markers of an HSC or HSC population, including but not limited to changes in viability, cell growth, expression of one or more or a combination of markers, such as cell surface determinants, such as receptors, proteins, including conformational or posttranslational modification thereof, lipids, carbohydrates, organic or inorganic molecules, nucleic acids, e.g. mRNA, DNA, global gene expression patterns, etc. Such cellular parameters can be measured using any of a variety of assays known to one of skill in the art. For example, viability and cell growth can be measured by assays such as Trypan blue exclusion, CFSE dilution, and ³H incorporation. Expression of protein or polypeptide markers can be measured, for example, using flow cytometric assays, Western blot techniques, or microscopy methods. Gene expression profiles can be assayed, for example, using microarray methodologies and quantitative or semi-quantitative real-time PCR assays. A cellular parameter can also refer to a functional parameter or functional activity. While most cellular parameters will provide a quantitative readout, in some instances a semi-quantitative or qualitative result can be acceptable. Readouts can include a single determined value, or can include mean, median value or the variance, etc. Characteristically a range of parameter readout values can be obtained for each parameter from a multiplicity of the same assays. Variability is expected and a range of values for each of the set of test parameters will be obtained using standard statistical methods with a common statistical method used to provide single values.

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, additional factors can be used to enhance HSC reprogramming. For example, agents that modify epigenetic pathways can be used to facilitate reprogramming into iHSCs.

Essentially any primary somatic cell type can be used for producing iHSCs or reprogramming somatic cells to iHSCs according to the presently described compositions, methods, and kits. Such primary somatic cell types also include other stem cell types, including pluripotent stem cells, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells); other multipotent stem cells; oligopotent stem cells; and (5) unipotent stem cells. Some non-limiting examples of primary somatic cells useful in the various aspects and embodiments of the methods described herein include, but are not limited to, fibroblast, epithelial, endothelial, neuronal, adipose, cardiac, skeletal muscle, hematopoietic or immune cells, hepatic, splenic, lung, circulating blood cells, gastrointestinal, renal, bone marrow, and pancreatic cells, as well as stem cells from which those cells are derived. The cell can be a primary cell isolated from any somatic tissue including, but not limited to, spleen, bone marrow, blood, brain, liver, lung, gut, stomach, intestine, fat, muscle, uterus, skin, spleen, endocrine organ, bone, etc. The term “somatic cell” further encompasses, in some embodiments, primary cells grown in culture, provided that the somatic cells are not immortalized. Where the cell is maintained under in vitro conditions, conventional tissue culture conditions and methods can be used, and are known to those of skill in the art. Isolation and culture methods for various primary somatic cells are well within the abilities of one skilled in the art.

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, a somatic cell to be reprogrammed or made into an iHSC cell is a cell of hematopoietic origin. As used herein, the terms “hematopoietic-derived cell,” “hematopoietic-derived differentiated cell,” “hematopoietic lineage cell,” and “cell of hematopoietic origin” refer to cells derived or differentiated from a multipotent hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). Accordingly, hematopoietic lineage cells for use with the compositions, methods, and kits described herein include multipotent, oligopotent, and lineage-restricted hematopoietic progenitor cells, granulocytes (e.g., promyelocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils), erythrocytes (e.g., reticulocytes, erythrocytes), thrombocytes (e.g., megakaryoblasts, platelet producing megakaryocytes, platelets), monocytes (e.g., monocytes, macrophages), dendritic cells, and lymphocytes (e.g., T-lymphocytes, which carry T-cell receptors (TCRs), B-lymphocytes or B cells, which express immunoglobulin and produce antibodies, NK cells, NKT cells, and innate lymphocytes). As used herein, the term “hematopoietic progenitor cells” refer to multipotent, oligopotent, and lineage-restricted hematopoietic cells capable of differentiating into two or more cell types of the hematopoietic system, including, but not limited to, granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and lymphocytes B-cells and T-cells. Hematopoietic progenitor cells encompass multi-potent progenitor cells (MPPs), common myeloid progenitor cells (CMPs), common lymphoid progenitor cells (CLPs), granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells (GMPs), and pre-megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor cell. Lineage-restricted hematopoieticprogenitor cells include megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor cells (MEP), roB cells, PreB cells, PreProB cells, ProT cells, double-negative T cells, pro-NK cells, pro-dendritic cells (pro-DCs), pre-granulocyte/macrophage cells, granulocyte/macrophage progenitor (GMP) cells, and pro-mast cells (ProMCs). A differentiation chart of the hematopoietic lineage is provided at FIG. 1

Cells of hematopoietic origin for use in the compositions, methods, and kits described herein can be obtained from any source known to comprise these cells, such as fetal tissues, umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, peripheral blood, mobilized peripheral blood, spleen, liver, thymus, lymph, etc. Cells obtained from these sources can be expanded ex vivo using any method acceptable to those skilled in the art prior to use in with the compositions, methods, and kits for making iHCSs described herein. For example, cells can be sorted, fractionated, treated to remove specific cell types, or otherwise manipulated to obtain a population of cells for use in the methods described herein using any procedure acceptable to those skilled in the art. Mononuclear lymphocytes may be collected, for example, by repeated lymphocytophereses using a continuous flow cell separator as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,690,915, or isolated using an affinity purification step of common lymphoid progenitor cell (CLP)r method, such as flow-cytometry using a cytometer, magnetic separation, using antibody or protein coated beads, affinity chromatography, or solid-support affinity separation where cells are retained on a substrate according to their expression or lack of expression of a specific protein or type of protein, or batch purification using one or more antibodies against one or more surface antigens specifically expressed by the cell type of interest. Cells of hematopoietic origin can also be obtained from peripheral blood. Prior to harvest of the cells from peripheral blood, the subject can be treated with a cytokine, such as e.g., granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, to promote cell migration from the bone marrow to the blood compartment and/or promote activation and/or proliferation of the population of interest. Any method suitable for identifying surface proteins, for example, can be employed to isolate cells of hematopoietic origin from a heterogenous population. In some embodiments, a clonal population of cells of hematopoietic origin, such as lymphocytes, is obtained. In some embodiments, the cells of hematopoietic origin are not a clonal population.

Further, in regard to the various aspects and embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, a somatic cell can be obtained from any mammalian species, with non-limiting examples including a murine, bovine, simian, porcine, equine, ovine, or human cell. In some embodiments, the somatic cell is a human cell. In some embodiments, the cell is from a non-human organism, such as a non-human mammal.

In general, the methods for making iHSCs described herein involve culturing or expanding somatic cells, such as cells of hematopoietic origin, in any culture medium that is available and well-known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Such media include, but are not limited to, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium® (DMEM), DMEM F12 Medium®, Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium®, F-12K Medium®, Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium®, RPMI-1640 Medium®, and serum-free medium for culture and expansion of progenitor cells SFEM®. Many media are also available as low-glucose formulations, with or without sodium. The medium used with the methods described herein can, in some embodiments, be supplemented with one or more growth factors. Commonly used growth factors include, but are not limited to, bone morphogenic protein, basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor and epidermal growth factor, Stem cell factor, and thrombopoietin. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,169,610; 7,109,032; 7,037,721; 6,617,161; 6,617,159; 6,372,210; 6,224,860; 6,037,174; 5,908,782; 5,766,951; 5,397,706; and 4,657,866; all incorporated by reference herein in their entireties for teaching growing cells in serum-free medium.

For example, as described herein, primary cultures of mouse hematopoietic cells were kept a total of three days ex vivo during the transduction process. Cells were maintained in minimal growth S-clone media supplemented with 20 ng/μL IL-12, TPO, SCF, 5 ng/μL IL-7, 2 ng/μL FLK-3, and 100 ng/ml Penicillin/streptomycin in a 5% CO₂ 37° C. incubator. Transduction with concentrated and titered viruses was performed for 16 hours, in some embodiments, and then a24 hour incubation with doxycycline, in some embodiments. At this time ZsGr+ cells were re-sorted and put into CFCs assays or in vivo transplantation. Doxycycline induction can be maintained for 2 weeks post-transplant, in some embodiments. In some embodiments, when using an inducible expression vector, the inducing agent, such as doxycycline, can be maintained for at least 1 day, at least 2 days, at least 3 days, at least 4 days, at least 5 days, at least 6 days, at least 7 days or a week, at least 10 days, at least 2 weeks, or more, following transplantation of a induced iHSC population into a subject.

Cells in culture can be maintained either in suspension or attached to a solid support, such as extracellular matrix components or plating on feeder cells, for example. Cells being used in the methods described herein can require additional factors that encourage their attachment to a solid support, in some embodiments, such as type I and type II collagen, chondroitin sulfate, fibronectin, “superfibronectin” and fibronectin-like polymers, gelatin, poly-D and poly-L-lysine, thrombospondin and vitronectin. In some embodiments, the cells are suitable for growth in suspension cultures. Suspension-competent host cells are generally monodisperse or grow in loose aggregates without substantial aggregation. Suspension-competent host cells include cells that are suitable for suspension culture without adaptation or manipulation (e.g., cells of hematopoietic origin, such as lymphoid cells) and cells that have been made suspension-competent by modification or adaptation of attachment-dependent cells (e.g., epithelial cells, fibroblasts).

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are isolated induced hematopoietic stem cells (iHSCs) produced using any of the HSC inducing compositions or methods of preparing iHSCs described herein.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are cell clones comprising a plurality of the induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSCs) produced using any of the HSC inducing compositions or methods of preparing iHSCs described herein.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the isolated induced hematopoietic stem cells (iHSCs) or cell clones thereof further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for administration to a subject in need.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are methods of treating a subject in need of treatment for a disease or disorder in which one or more hematopoietic cell lineages are deficient or defective using the HSC inducing compositions and methods of preparing iHSCs described herein, or using the isolated induced hematopoietic stem cells (iHSCs) and cell clones thereof produced using any of the combinations of HSC inducing factors, HSC inducing compositions, or methods of preparing iHSCs described herein. In such methods of treatment, somatic cells, such as fibroblast cells or hematopoietic lineage cells, can first be isolated from the subject, and the isolated cells transduced or transfected, as described herein with an HSC inducing composition comprising expression vectors or synthetic mRNAs, respectively. The isolated induced hematopoietic stem cells (iHSCs) and cell clones thereof produced using any of the combinations of HSC inducing factors, HSC inducing compositions, or methods of preparing iHSCs described herein, can then be administered to the subject, such as via systemic injection of the iHSCs to the subject.

The reprogrammed iHSCs generated using the compositions, methods, and kits described herein can, in some embodiments of the methods of treatment described herein, be used directly or administered to subjects in need of cellular therapies or regenerative medicine applications or, in other embodiments, redifferentiated to other hematopoietic cell types for use in or administration to subjects in need of cellular therapies or regenerative medicine applications. Accordingly, various embodiments of the methods described herein involve administration of an effective amount of an iHSC or a population of iHSCs, generated using any of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, to an individual or subject in need of a cellular therapy. The cell or population of cells being administered can be an autologous population, or be derived from one or more heterologous sources. Further, such iHSCs or differentiated cells from iHSCs can be administered in a manner that permits them to graft to the intended tissue site and reconstitute or regenerate the functionally deficient area. In some such embodiments, iHSCs can be introduced to a scaffold or other structure to generate, for example, a tissue ex vivo, that can then be introduced to a patient.

A variety of means for administering cells to subjects are known to those of skill in the art. Such methods can include systemic injection, for example, i.v. injection, or implantation of cells into a target site in a subject. Cells may be inserted into a delivery device which facilitates introduction by injection or implantation into the subject. Such delivery devices can include tubes, e.g., catheters, for injecting cells and fluids into the body of a recipient subject. In one preferred embodiment, the tubes additionally have a needle, e.g., through which the cells can be introduced into the subject at a desired location. The cells can be prepared for delivery in a variety of different forms. For example, the cells can be suspended in a solution or gel or embedded in a support matrix when contained in such a delivery device. Cells can be mixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent in which the cells remain viable.

Accordingly, the cells produced by the methods described herein can be used to prepare cells to treat or alleviate at least the following diseases and conditions wherein hematopoietic stem cell transplants have proven to be one effective method of treatment: leukemia such as acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative syndromes, chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and other leukemia; lymphoproliferative disorders such as plasma cell disorders, Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and other lymphoma; solid tumors such as neuroblastoma, germinal cancer, breast cancer, and Ewing sarcoma; Nonmalignant disorders such as bone marrow failures, hemoglobinopathies, immune deficiencies, inherited diseases of metabolism, and autoimmune disorders.

In addition to the above, the methods of the invention can be used for the treatment of the following diseases and conditions: Angiogenic Myeloid Metaplasia (Myelofibrosis); Aplastic Anemia; Acquired Pure Red Cell Aplasia; Aspartylglucosaminuria; Ataxia Telangiectasia; Choriocarcinoma; Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL); Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML); Common Variable Immunodeficiency; Chronic Pulmonary Obstructive Disease; Desmoplastic small round cell tumor; Diamond-Blackfan anemia; DiGeorge syndrome; Essential Thrombocythemia; Haematologica Ewing's Sarcoma; Fucosidosis; Gaucher disease; Griscelli syndrome; Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH); Hodgkin's Disease; Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); Human T-lymphotropic Virus (HTLV); Hunter syndrome (MPS II, iduronidase sulfate deficiency); Hurler syndrome (MPS I H, α-L-iduronidase deficiency); Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL, Santavuori disease); Jansky-Bielschowsky disease (late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis); Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML); Kostmann syndrome; Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy); Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome (MPS VI); Metachromatic leukodystrophy; Morquio syndrome (MPS IV); Mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease); Multiple Myeloma; Myelodysplasia; Neuroblastoma; NF-Kappa-B Essential Modulator (NEMO) deficiency; Niemann-Pick disease; Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma; paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH); Plasma Cell Leukemia; Polycythemia Vera; Radiation Poisoning; Sanfilippo syndrome (MPS III); Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), all types; Shwachman-Diamond syndrome; Sickle cell disease; Sly syndrome (MPS VII); Thalassemia; Wilm's tumors; Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome; Wolman disease (acid lipase deficiency); and X-linked lymphoproliferative disorder

Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and diluents include saline, aqueous buffer solutions, solvents and/or dispersion media. The use of such carriers and diluents is well known in the art. The solution is preferably sterile and fluid. Preferably, prior to the introduction of cells, the solution is stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi through the use of, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, ascorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like.

It is preferred that the mode of cell administration is relatively non-invasive, for example by intravenous injection, pulmonary delivery through inhalation, topical, or intranasal administration. However, the route of cell administration will depend on the tissue to be treated and may include implantation. Methods for cell delivery are known to those of skill in the art and can be extrapolated by one skilled in the art of medicine for use with the methods and compositions described herein.

Direct injection techniques for cellular administration of iHSCs can also be used to stimulate transmigration of cells through the entire vasculature, or to the vasculature of a particular organ. This includes non-specific targeting of the vasculature. One can target any organ by selecting a specific injection site, e.g., a liver portal vein. Alternatively, the injection can be performed systemically into any vein in the body. This method is useful for enhancing stem cell numbers in aging patients. In addition, the cells can function to populate vacant stem cell niches or create new stem cells to replenish those lost through, for example, chemotherapy or radiation treatments, for example. If so desired, a mammal or subject can be pre-treated with an agent, for example an agent is administered to enhance cell targeting to a tissue (e.g., a homing factor) and can be placed at that site to encourage cells to target the desired tissue. For example, direct injection of homing factors into a tissue can be performed prior to systemic delivery of ligand-targeted cells.

A wide range of diseases in which one or more blood cell populations are deficient or defective are recognized as being treatable with HSCs Accordingly, also provided herein are compositions and methods comprising iHSCs for use in cellular therapies, such as stem cell therapies. Non-limiting examples of conditions or disorders that can be treated using the compositions and methods described herein include aplastic anemia, Fanconi anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH); acute leukemias, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute biphenotypic leukemia and acute undifferentiated leukemia; chronic leukemias, including chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML) and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML); myeloproliferative disorders, including acute myelofibrosis, angiogenic myeloid metaplasia (myelofibrosis), polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia; inherited platelet abnormalities, including amegakaryocytosis/congenital thrombocytopenia; plasma cell disorders, including multiple myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia; lung disorders, including COPD and bronchial asthma; congenital immune disorders, including ataxia-telangiectasia, Kostmann syndrome, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, DiGeorge syndrome, bare lymphocyte syndrome, Omenn's syndrome, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), SCID with adenosine deaminase deficiency, absence of T & B cells SCID, absence of T cells, normal B cell SCID, common variable immunodeficiency and X-linked lymphoproliferative disorder, and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome).

Efficacy of treatment is determined by a statistically significant change in one or more indicia of the targeted disease or disorder, as known to one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, whole blood of a subject being treated with iHSCs generated using the compositions, methods, and kits described herein can be analyzed using a complete blood count (CBC). A CBC test can comprise one or more of the following:

a. White blood cell (WBC) count: A count of the actual number of white blood cells per volume of blood. b. White blood cell differential: A count of the types of white blood cells present in the blood: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. c. Red blood cell (RBC) count: A count of the actual number of red blood cells per volume of blood. d. Hemoglobin level: A measure of the amount of oxygen-carrying protein in the blood. e. Hematocrit level: A measures of the percentage of red blood cells in a given volume of whole blood. f. Platelet count: A count of the number of platelets in a given volume of blood. g. Mean platelet volume (MPV): A measurement of the average size of platelets. Newly produced platelets are larger and an increased MPV occurs when increased numbers of platelets are being produced in the bone marrow. h. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV): A measurement of the average size of RBCs (e.g. whether RBCs are larger than normal (macrocytic) or RBCs are smaller than normal (microcytic)). i. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH): A calculation of the average amount of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin inside a red blood cell. j. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC): A calculation of the average concentration of hemoglobin inside a red cell (e.g. decreased MCHC values (hypochromia) or increased MCHC values (hyperchromia)), k. Red cell distribution width (RDW): A calculation of the variation in the size of RBCs {e.g. amount of variation (anisocytosis) in RBC size and/or variation in shape (poikilocytosis) may cause an increase in the RDW).

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, additional factors can be used to enhance treatment methods using the iHSCs described herein, such as G-CSF, e.g. as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,582,823; AMD3100 (1,1[1,4-phenylene-bis(methylene)]-bis-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), Interleukin-1 (IL-I), Interleukin-3 (IL-3), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), PIXY-321 (GM-CSF/IL-3 fusion protein), macrophage inflammatory protein, stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin, flt3, myelopoietin, anti-VLA-4 antibody, anti-VCAM-1 and growth related oncogene (GRO).

Provided herein, in some aspects are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition comprising one or more expression vectors encoding at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more HSC inducing factors selected from: CDKN1C, DNMT3B, EGR1, ETV6, EVI1, GATA2, GFI1B, GLIS2, HLF, HMGA2, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXB3, HOXB4, HOXB5, IGF2BP2, IKZF2, KLF12, KLF4, KLF9, LMO2, MEIS1, MSI2, MYCN, NAP1L3, NDN, NFIX, NKX2-3, NR3C2, PBX1, PRDM16, PRDM5, RARB, RBBP6, RBPMS, RUNX1, RUNX1T1, SMAD6, TAL1, TCF15, VDR, ZFP37, ZFP467, ZFP521, ZFP532, and ZFP612.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, and MEIS1.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, LMO2, and PRDM5.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, and LMO2.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and

a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; and

a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; and

a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2;

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more expression vectors comprising:

a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and

a nucleic acid sequence encoding VDR.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5

a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1; and

a nucleic acid sequence encoding RBPMS.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; and

a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more expression vectors comprising:

a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16; and

a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3; and

a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more expression vectors comprising:

a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB5;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB3;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; and

a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP521.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and

a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP521.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more expression vectors comprising:

a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; and

a nucleic acid sequence encoding EGR1.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding RBPMS;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; and

a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more expression vectors comprising:

a sequence encoding KLF12; and

a sequence encoding HLF;

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:

a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and

a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more expression vectors comprising:

a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467;

a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3

a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; and

a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF4.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the one or more expression vectors are retroviral vectors.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the one or more expression vectors are lentiviral vectors. In some embodiments, the lentiviral vectors are inducible lentiviral vectors. In some embodiments, the lentiviral vectors are polycistronic inducible lentiviral vectors. In some embodiments, the polycistronic inducible lentiviral vectors express three or more nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, each of the nucleic acid sequences of the polycistronic inducible lentiviral vectors are separated by 2A peptide sequences.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising modified mRNA sequences encoding at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more HSC inducing factors selected from: CDKN1C, DNMT3B, EGR1, ETV6, EVI1, GATA2, GFI1B, GLIS2, HLF, HMGA2, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXB3, HOXB4, HOXB5, IGF2BP2, IKZF2, KLF12, KLF4, KLF9, LMO2, MEIS1, MSI2, MYCN, NAP1L3, NDN, NFIX, NKX2-3, NR3C2, PBX1, PRDM16, PRDM5, RARB, RBBP6, RBPMS, RUNX1, RUNX1T1, SMAD6, TAL1, TCF15, VDR, ZFP37, ZFP467, ZFP521, ZFP532, ZFP612, and ZFP467, wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, and MEIS1.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, LMO2, and PRDM5.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, and LMO2.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising

a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; and

a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM5;

wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising

a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM5;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding MEIS1; and

a modified mRNA sequence encoding MYCN;

wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising

a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1; and

a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2;

wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more of:

a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM16;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467; and

a modified mRNA sequence encoding VDR;

wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising

a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM5

a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding MYCN;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding MSI2;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding NKX2-3;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding MEIS1; and

a modified mRNA sequence encoding RBPMS;

wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising

a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB4; and

a modified mRNA sequence encoding MSI2;

wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more of:

a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM16; and

a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37.

wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising

a modified mRNA sequence encoding MYCN;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding MSI2;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding NKX2-3; and

a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1;

wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more of:

a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB5;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB3;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37; and

a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP521;

wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising

a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB4;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467; and

a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP521;

wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more of:

a modified mRNA sequence encoding KLF12;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; and

a modified mRNA sequence encoding EGR;

wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising

a modified mRNA sequence encoding MEIS1;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding RBPMS;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1; and

a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2.

wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more of:

a modified mRNA sequence encoding KLF12; and

a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;

wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing compositions comprising

a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB4;

a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; and

a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;

wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the composition further comprises one or more of:

a modified mRNA encoding MYCN;

a modified mRNA encoding ZFP467;

a modified mRNA encoding NKX2-3

a modified mRNA encoding PBX1; and

a modified mRNA encoding KLF4;

wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the modified cytosine is 5-methylcytosine and the modified uracil is pseudouracil.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the modified mRNA sequences comprise one or more nucleoside modifications selected from the group consisting of pyridin-4-one ribonucleoside, 5-aza-uridine, 2-thio-5-aza-uridine, 2-thiouridine, 4-thio-pseudouridine, 2-thio-pseudouridine, 5-hydroxyuridine, 3-methyluridine, 5-carboxymethyl-uridine, 1-carboxymethyl-pseudouridine, 5-propynyl-uridine, 1-propynyl-pseudouridine, 5-taurinomethyluridine, 1-taurinomethyl-pseudouridine, 5-taurinomethyl-2-thio-uridine, 1-taurinomethyl-4-thio-uridine, 5-methyl-uridine, 1-methyl-pseudouridine, 4-thio-1-methyl-pseudouridine, 2-thio-1-methyl-pseudouridine, 1-methyl-1-deaza-pseudouridine, 2-thio-1-methyl-1-deaza-pseudouridine, dihydrouridine, dihydropseudouridine, 2-thio-dihydrouridine, 2-thio-dihydropseudouridine, 2-methoxyuridine, 2-methoxy-4-thio-uridine, 4-methoxy-pseudouridine, 4-methoxy-2-thio-pseudouridine, 5-aza-cytidine, pseudoisocytidine, 3-methyl-cytidine, N4-acetylcytidine, 5-formylcytidine, N4-methylcytidine, 5-hydroxymethylcytidine, 1-methyl-pseudoisocytidine, pyrrolo-cytidine, pyrrolo-pseudoisocytidine, 2-thio-cytidine, 2-thio-5-methyl-cytidine, 4-thio-pseudoisocytidine, 4-thio-1-methyl-pseudoisocytidine, 4-thio-1-methyl-1-deaza-pseudoisocytidine, 1-methyl-1-deaza-pseudoisocytidine, zebularine, 5-aza-zebularine, 5-methyl-zebularine, 5-aza-2-thio-zebularine, 2-thio-zebularine, 2-methoxy-cytidine, 2-methoxy-5-methyl-cytidine, 4-methoxy-pseudoisocytidine, 4-methoxy-1-methyl-pseudoisocytidine, 2-aminopurine, 2,6-diaminopurine, 7-deaza-adenine, 7-deaza-8-aza-adenine, 7-deaza-2-aminopurine, 7-deaza-8-aza-2-aminopurine, 7-deaza-2,6-diaminopurine, 7-deaza-8-aza-2,6-diaminopurine, 1-methyladenosine, N6-methyladenosine, N6-isopentenyladenosine, N6-(cis-hydroxyisopentenyl)adenosine, 2-methylthio-N6-(cis-hydroxyisopentenyl)adenosine, N6-glycinylcarbamoyladenosine, N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine, 2-methylthio-N6-threonyl carbamoyladenosine, N6,N6-dimethyladenosine, 7-methyladenine, 2-methylthio-adenine, and 2-methoxy-adenine, inosine, 1-methyl-inosine, wyosine, wybutosine, 7-deaza-guanosine, 7-deaza-8-aza-guanosine, 6-thio-guanosine, 6-thio-7-deaza-guanosine, 6-thio-7-deaza-8-aza-guanosine, 7-methyl-guanosine, 6-thio-7-methyl-guanosine, 7-methylinosine, 6-methoxy-guanosine, 1-methylguanosine, N2-methylguanosine, N2,N2-dimethylguanosine, 8-oxo-guanosine, 7-methyl-8-oxo-guanosine, 1-methyl-6-thio-guanosine, N2-methyl-6-thio-guanosine, and N2,N2-dimethyl-6-thio-guanosine, and combinations thereof.

Also provided herein in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5, wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and

culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing an iHSC.

Provided herein in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN, wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and

culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing an iHSC.

Provided herein in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5, wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and

culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16 a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding VDR.

Provided herein in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding RBPMS; wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and

culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing an iHSC.

Provided herein in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467, a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2; wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and

culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37.

Provided herein in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2, a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and

culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB5; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB3; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP521.

Provided herein in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1, a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP521; wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and

culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding EGR1.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding RBPMS; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and

culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and

culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are methods for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:

transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and

culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing an iHSC.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF4.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the somatic cell is a fibroblast cell.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the somatic cell is a hematopoietic lineage cell.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the hematopoietic lineage cell is selected from promyelocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, reticulocytes, erythrocytes, mast cells, osteoclasts, megakaryoblasts, platelet producing megakaryocytes, platelets, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, innate lymphocytes, multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells, oligopotent hematopoietic progenitor cells, and lineage restricted hematopoietic progenitors.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the hematopoietic lineage cell is selected from a multi-potent progenitor cell (MPP), common myeloid progenitor cell (CMP), granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells (GMP), common lymphoid progenitor cell (CLP), and pre-megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor cell.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the hematopoietic lineage cell is selected from a megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor cell (MEP), a ProB cell, a PreB cell, a PreProB cell, a ProT cell, a double-negative T cell, a pro-NK cell, a pro-dendritic cell (pro-DC), pre-granulocyte/macrophage cell, a granulocyte/macrophage progenitor (GMP) cell, and a pro-mast cell (ProMC).

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are methods of promoting transdifferentiation of a ProPreB cell to the myeloid lineage comprising:

transducing a ProPreB cell with one or more vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467, a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2; wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and

culturing the transduced ProPreB cell in a cell media that supports growth of myeloid lineage cells, thereby transdifferentiating the ProPreB cell to the myeloid lineage.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are methods of increasing survival and/or proliferation of ProPreB cells, comprising:

transducing a ProPreB cell with one or more vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1, a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP521; wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and

culturing the transduced ProPreB cell in a cell media that supports growth of ProPreB cells, thereby increasing survival and/or proliferation of ProPreB cells.

In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding EGR1.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are isolated induced hematopoietic stem cells (iHSCs) produced using any of the HSC inducing compositions or methods described herein.

In some aspects, provided herein are cell clones comprising a plurality of the induced hematopoietic stem cells (iHSCs) produced using any of the HSC inducing compositions or methods described herein. In some embodiments of these aspects and all such aspects described herein, the cell clones further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are kits for making induced hematopoietic stem cells (iHSCs), the kits comprising any of the HSC inducing compositions comprising one or more expression vector components described herein.

Provided herein, in some aspects, are kits for making induced hematopoietic stem cells (iHSCs), the kits comprising any of the HSC inducing compositions comprising modified mRNA sequence components described herein.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are kits comprising one or more of the HSC inducing factors described herein as components for the methods of making the induced hematopoietic stem cells described herein.

Accordingly, in some aspects, provided herein, are kits for preparing induced hematopoietic stem cells comprising the following components: (a) one or more expression vectors encoding at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more HSC inducing factors selected from: CDKN1C, DNMT3B, EGR1, ETV6, EVI1, GATA2, GFI1B, GLIS2, HLF, HMGA2, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXB3, HOXB4, HOXB5, IGF2BP2, IKZF2, KLF12, KLF4, KLF9, LMO2, MEIS1, MSI2, MYCN, NAP1L3, NDN, NFIX, NKX2-3, NR3C2, PBX1, PRDM16, PRDM5, RARB, RBBP6, RBPMS, RUNX1, RUNX1T1, SMAD6, TAL1, TCF15, VDR, ZFP37, ZFP467, ZFP521, ZFP532, ZFP612, and ZFP467; and (b) packaging and instructions therefor.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, LMO2, and PRDM5.

In some aspects, provided herein, are kits for preparing induced hematopoietic stem cells comprising the following components: (a) one or more expression vectors comprising: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5; and (b) packaging and instructions therefor.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, the kit further comprises one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding VDR.

In some aspects, provided herein, are kits for preparing induced hematopoietic stem cells comprising the following components: (a) one or more expression vectors comprising: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding RBPMS; and (b) packaging and instructions therefor.

In some aspects, provided herein, are kits for preparing induced hematopoietic stem cells comprising the following components: (a) one or more expression vectors comprising: a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2; and (b) packaging and instructions therefor.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, the kit further comprises one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37.

In some aspects, provided herein, are kits for preparing induced hematopoietic stem cells comprising the following components: (a) one or more expression vectors comprising: a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; and (b) packaging and instructions therefor.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, the kit further comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB5; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB3; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP521.

In some aspects, provided herein, are kits for preparing induced hematopoietic stem cells comprising the following components: (a) one or more expression vectors composition comprising: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP521; and (b) packaging and instructions therefor.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, the kit further comprises one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding EGR1.

In some aspects, provided herein, are kits for preparing induced hematopoietic stem cells comprising the following components: (a) one or more expression vectors comprising: a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding RBPMS; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and (b) packaging and instructions therefor.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, the kit further comprises one or more of a sequence encoding KLF12; and a sequence encoding HLF.

In some aspects, provided herein, are kits for preparing induced hematopoietic stem cells comprising the following components: (a) one or more expression vectors comprising: a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; and (b) packaging and instructions therefor.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, the kit further comprises one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF4.

In some embodiments of these kits, the expression vector is a viral vector. In some embodiments of these kits, the viral vector is a retroviral vector, adenoviral vector, lentiviral vector, herpes virus vector, pox virus vector, or an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector. In some embodiments, the expression vector is inducible.

Also provided herein, in some aspects, are kits for preparing induced hematopoietic stem cells comprising the following components: (a) modified mRNA sequences encoding at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more HSC inducing factors selected from: CDKN1C, DNMT3B, EGR1, ETV6, EVI1, GATA2, GFI1B, GLIS2, HLF, HMGA2, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXB3, HOXB4, HOXB5, IGF2BP2, IKZF2, KLF12, KLF4, KLF9, LMO2, MEIS1, MSI2, MYCN, NAP1L3, NDN, NFIX, NKX2-3, NR3C2, PBX1, PRDM16, PRDM5, RARB, RBBP6, RBPMS, RUNX1, RUNX1T1, SMAD6, TAL1, TCF15, VDR, ZFP37, ZFP467, ZFP521, ZFP532, and ZFP612, wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, the at least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, LMO2, and PRDM5

In some aspects, provided herein, are kits for preparing induced hematopoietic stem cells comprising the following components: (a) a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37; a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM5; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof and (b) packaging and instructions therefor.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, the kit further comprises one or more of: a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM16; a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding VDR; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some aspects, provided herein, are kits for preparing induced hematopoietic stem cells comprising the following components: (a) a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM5; a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37; a modified mRNA sequence encoding MYCN; a modified mRNA sequence encoding MSI2; a modified mRNA sequence encoding NKX2-3; a modified mRNA sequence encoding MEIS1; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding RBPMS; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof and (b) packaging and instructions therefor.

In some aspects, provided herein, are kits for preparing induced hematopoietic stem cells comprising the following components: (a) a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467; a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB4; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding MSI2; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof; and (b) packaging and instructions therefor.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, the kit further comprises one or more of: a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM16; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37, wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some aspects, provided herein, are kits for preparing induced hematopoietic stem cells comprising the following components: (a) a modified mRNA sequence encoding MYCN; a modified mRNA sequence encoding MSI2; a modified mRNA sequence encoding NKX2-3; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof; and (b) packaging and instructions therefor.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, the kit further comprises one or more of: a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB5; a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467; a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB3; a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP521; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some aspects, provided herein, are kits for preparing induced hematopoietic stem cells comprising the following components: (a) a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB4; a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP521; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof; and (b) packaging and instructions therefor.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, the kit further comprises one or more of: a modified mRNA sequence encoding KLF12; a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding EGR; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some aspects, provided herein, are kits for preparing induced hematopoietic stem cells comprising the following components: (a) a modified mRNA sequence encoding MEIS1; a modified mRNA sequence encoding RBPMS; a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37; a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof; and (b) packaging and instructions therefor.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, the kit further comprises one or more of: a modified mRNA sequence encoding KLF12; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some aspects, provided herein, are kits for preparing induced hematopoietic stem cells comprising the following components: (a) a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37; a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB4; a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; and a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof; and (b) packaging and instructions therefor.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, the kit further comprises one or more of: a modified mRNA encoding MYCN; a modified mRNA encoding ZFP467; a modified mRNA encoding NKX2-3; a modified mRNA encoding PBX1; and a modified mRNA encoding KLF4; wherein each cytosine of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each of the modified mRNA sequences is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, the modified cytosine is 5-methylcytosine and the modified uracil is pseudouridine.

In some embodiments of these kits and all such kits described herein, one or more of the synthetic, modified mRNAs can further comprise one or more of a poly(A) tail, a Kozak sequence, a 3′ untranslated region, a 5′ untranslated regions, and a 5′ cap, such as 5′ cap analog, such as e.g., a 5′ diguanosine cap, tetraphosphate cap analogs having a methylene-bis(phosphonate) moiety, cap analogs having a sulfur substitution for a non-bridging oxygen, N7-benzylated dinucleoside tetraphosphate analogs, or anti-reverse cap analogs. The kits can also comprise a 5′ cap analog. The kit can also comprise a phosphatase enzyme (e.g., Calf intestinal phosphatase) to remove the 5′ triphosphate during the RNA modification procedure. Optionally, the kit can comprise one or more control synthetic mRNAs, such as a synthetic, modified RNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) or other marker molecule.

In other embodiments, the kit can further comprise materials for further reducing the innate immune response of a cell. For example, the kit can further comprise a soluble interferon receptor, such as B18R. In some embodiments, the kit can comprise a plurality of different synthetic, modified RNA molecules.

The kits described herein can also comprise, in some aspects, one or more linear DNA templates for the generation of synthetic mRNAs encoding the HSC inducing factors described herein.

The kits described herein, in some embodiments, can further provide the synthetic mRNAs or the one or more expression vectors encoding HSC inducing factors in an admixture or as separate aliquots.

In some embodiments, the kits can further comprise an agent to enhance efficiency of reprogramming. In some embodiments, the kits can further comprise one or more antibodies or primer reagents to detect a cell-type specific marker to identify cells induced to the hematopoietic stem cell state.

In some embodiments, the kits can further comprise a buffer. In some such embodiments, the buffer is RNase-free TE buffer at pH 7.0. In some embodiments, the kit further comprises a container with cell culture medium.

All kits described herein can further comprise a buffer, a cell culture medium, a transduction or transfection medium and/or a media supplement. In preferred embodiments, the buffers, cell culture mediums, transfection mediums, and/or media supplements are DNAse and RNase-free. In some embodiments, the synthetic, modified RNAs provided in the kits can be in a non-solution form of specific quantity or mass, e.g., 20 μg, such as a lyophilized powder form, such that the end-user adds a suitable amount of buffer or medium to bring the components to a desired concentration, e.g., 100 ng/μl.

All kits described herein can further comprise devices to facilitate single-administration or repeated or frequent infusions of the cells generated using the kits components described herein, such as a non-implantable delivery device, e.g., needle, syringe, pen device, or an implantatable delivery device, e.g., a pump, semi-permanent stent (e.g., intravenous, intraperitoneal, intracisternal or intracapsular), or reservoir. In some such embodiments, the delivery device can include a mechanism to dispense a unit dose of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the iHSC clone. In some embodiments, the device releases the composition continuously, e.g., by diffusion. In some embodiments, the device can include a sensor that monitors a parameter within a subject. For example, the device can include pump, e.g., and, optionally, associated electronics.

The induced hematopoietic stem cells in some aspects of all the embodiments of the invention, while similar in functional characteristics, differ significantly in their gene expression or methylation pattern from the naturally occurring endogenous hematopoietic stem cells. For example, compared to the endogenous HSC gene expression pattern, exemplary genes of which are shown in Tables 2 and 3, the induced hematopoietic stem cells differ by showing about 1-5%, 5-10%, 5-15%, or 5-20% increased expression of about 1-5%, 2-5%, 3-5%, up to 50%, up to 40%, up to 30%, up to 25%, up to 20%, up to 15%, or up to 10% of the genes in endogenous HSCs, for example, those set forth in Tables 2 and 3. Specifically, the expression in the iHSCs of genes the expression of which is reduced or insignificant in the naturally occurring HSCs (see, selected examples in Table 2), is increased or the expression of the genes the expression of which is significant in the naturally occurring HSCs (see, selected examples of highly expressed genes in isolated HSCs in Table 3) is decreased in iHSCs.

In some aspects of all the embodiments of the invention, while similar in functional characteristics, the induced pluripotent stem cells differ significantly in their methylation pattern from the naturally occurring or endogenous HSCs. For example, compared to the endogenous methylation pattern of genes as exemplified in Table 4, the iHSCs differ by showing about 1-5%, in some aspects 1-10%, in some aspects 5-10% difference in the methylation of at about 1-5%, 1-10%, 5-10%, up to 50%, up to 40%, up to 30%, up to 25%, up to 20%, up to 15%, or up to 10% of the methylation sites of naturally occurring HSCs, which are exemplified in Table 4. The difference may be increased or decreased methylation compared to endogenous HSCs. In some aspects, some methylation sites are methylated and some unmethylated in iHSCs compared to the endogenous HSCs methylation sites as exemplified in Table 4.

Table 4 includes 35 exemplary profiles from each chromosome (1-19, x and y) as profiled in naturally occurring or endogenous HSCs. The screening was done by randomizing the most and least methylated sites (i.e. the top/bottom 20%) where 100 were taken from each group (except the Y chromosome which had a very small number of sites and only 35 random sites were selected). Of the mid (20-80%) percentiles, 3000 methylation sites were randomly selected. From this pool of 3000 sites, 35 methylation sites were randomly selected. These examples were selected to represent the methylation status of the entire chromosome but enrich for those mid-range sites of methylation which, without wishing to be bound by theory, may be more characteristic of the naturally occurring HSC.

HSC Expression Analysis

Genome-wide gene expression analysis was performed on purified LSKCD34-Flk2-using the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array platform. RNA was isolated using TRIzol (Life Technologies) and purified RNA was amplified, labeled, hybridized, and scanned according to Affymetrix's. Raw data was normalized using gcRMA together with 383 other hematopoietic cell types. These data were log transformed and average of the four biological replicates of are presented as expression levels.

DNA Methylation Analysis of HSCs

RRBS libraries for DNA methylation analysis were prepared from 30 ng input DNA per biological replicate of LSKCD34-FLk2-HSCs following a published protocol (Gu et al Nat. Protoc, 6 (2011), pp. 468-481) and sequenced by the Broad Institute's Genome Sequencing Platform on Illumina Genome Analyzer II or HiSeq 2000 machines. Bioinformatic data processing and quality control were performed as described in Bock et al (Cell, 144 (2011), pp. 439-452). The raw sequencing reads were aligned using Maq's bisulfite alignment mode and DNA methylation calling was performed using custom software (Gu et al, Nat Methods 7(2010) 133-136). DNA methylation levels were calculated for 1-kilobase tiling regions throughout the genome as coverage-weighted means of the DNA methylation levels of individual CpGs. Only regions with at least two CpGs with at least 5 independent DNA methylation measurements per CpG were retained, giving rise to a list of genomic regions with high-confidence DNA methylation measurements. In the initial filtering step, all 1-kb tiles of DNA methylation were excluded for which the two biological replicates were not sufficiently consistent with each other. Any measurement was excluded if the absolute divergence between biological replicates exceeded 0.2 and if the relative divergence between biological replicates exceeded 0.05. These absolute thresholds were selected based on our previous experience with RRBS data analysis, and the relative thresholds were calculated such that the absolute and relative thresholds became equivalent for values close to the center of the spectrum, i.e. around 0.5. Identification of significant differentially methylated regions were based on the average DNA methylation difference between the biological replicates of two cell types, requiring a minimum absolute difference of 0.1 for 1-kb tiles, and a more stringent threshold of 0.2 for single CpGs. The relative difference thresholds were calculated from the absolute difference thresholds as described above. The combined use of relative and absolute difference thresholds resulted in robust identification of relevant differences across the spectrum of genes and genomic regions with high, medium and low DNA methylation.

TABLE 2 Examples of transcripts showing reduced/ insignificant expression in endogenous HSCs Expression (Average of 4 datasets of Probeset purified HSCs) Gene Symbol 1425771_at 4.65 Akr1d1 1425772_at 4.65 Col4a4 1425773_s_at 4.65 Nmnat1 1425774_at 4.65 Srrm4 1425775_at 4.65 Zfp820 1425776_a_at 4.65 C87436 1425777_at 4.65 Cacnb1 1425778_at 4.65 Ido2 1425779_a_at 4.65 Tbx1 1425780_a_at 4.65 Tmem167 1425781_a_at 4.65 Plcb1 1425782_at 4.65 Plcb1 1425783_at 4.65 Tc2n 1425784_a_at 4.65 Olfm1 1425785_a_at 4.65 Txk 1425786_a_at 4.65 Hsf4 1425787_a_at 4.65 Sytl3 1425788_a_at 4.65 Echdc2 1425789_s_at 4.65 Anxa8 1425790_a_at 4.65 Grik2 1425791_at 4.65 Pon2 1425792_a_at 4.65 Rorc 1425793_a_at 4.65 Rorc 1425794_at 4.65 Pola2 1425795_a_at 4.65 Map3k7 1425796_a_at 4.65 Fgfr3 1425797_a_at 4.65 Syk 1425808_a_at 4.65 Myocd 1425798_a_at 4.65 Recql 1425800_at 4.65 Rad9b 1425801_x_at 4.65 Cotl1 1425802_a_at 4.65 Fcrla 1425803_a_at 4.65 Mbd2 1425804_at 4.65 Hmx2 1425806_a_at 4.65 Med21 1425807_at 4.65 BC021891 1425809_at 4.65 Fabp4 1425810_a_at 4.65 Csrp1 1425811_a_at 4.65 Csrp1 1425812_a_at 4.65 Cacna1b 1425813_at 4.65 Pign 1425814_a_at 4.65 Calcrl 1425815_a_at 4.65 Hmmr 1425816_at 4.65 Zfp287 1425817_a_at 4.65 Slc8a1 1425818_at 4.65 4930520O04Rik 1425819_at 4.65 Zbtb7c 1425820_x_at 4.65 Gpatch4 1425821_at 4.65 Clcn7 1425822_a_at 4.65 Dtx1 1426032_at 4.65 Nfatc2 1425823_at 4.65 Cfhr2 1425825_at 4.65 Eml6 1425826_a_at 4.65 Sorbs1 1425827_at 4.65 Nkx2-3 1425828_at 4.65 Nkx6-1 1425829_a_at 4.65 Steap4 1425830_a_at 4.65 Cinp /// LOC640972 1425831_at 4.65 Zfp101 1425832_a_at 4.65 Cxcr6 1425833_a_at 4.65 Hpca 1425834_a_at 4.65 Gpam 1425835_a_at 4.65 Bbx 1425836_a_at 4.65 Limk1 1425837_a_at 4.65 Ccrn4l 1425838_at 4.65 Atp9a 1425839_at 4.65 Fkbp11 1425840_a_at 4.65 Sema3f 1425842_at 4.65 Edil3 1425843_at 4.65 Mrpl33 1425845_a_at 4.65 Shoc2 1425846_a_at 4.65 Caln1 1425848_a_at 4.65 Dusp26 1425849_at 4.65 Chrnb4 1425850_a_at 4.65 Nek6 1425851_a_at 4.65 Amigo1 1425852_at 4.65 Catsperg1 1425855_a_at 4.65 Crk 1425857_at 4.65 Fbxw9 1425858_at 4.65 Ube2m 1425859_a_at 4.65 Psmd4 1425861_x_at 4.65 Cacna2d1 1425863_a_at 4.65 Ptpro 1425864_a_at 4.65 Sorcs1 1425865_a_at 4.65 Lig3 1425866_a_at 4.65 Plekha4 1425867_at 4.65 Plekha4 1425868_at 4.65 Hist2h2bb 1425869_a_at 4.65 Psen2 1425870_a_at 4.65 Kcnip2 1425871_a_at 4.65 Igk-V28 1425874_at 4.65 Hoxc13 1425875_a_at 4.65 Lepr 1425876_a_at 4.65 Glce 1425877_at 4.65 Hyal3 1425878_at 4.65 Cabp4 1425879_at 4.65 Zfp352 1425880_x_at 4.65 Zfp352 1425881_at 4.65 Psg28 1425882_at 4.65 Gdf2 1425883_at 4.65 Smg6 1425884_at 4.65 Rpf2 1425885_a_at 4.65 Kcnab2 1425888_at 4.65 Klra17 1425889_at 4.65 Wnt9a 1425890_at 4.65 Ly6i 1425891_a_at 4.65 Grtp1 1425893_a_at 4.65 Fhit 1425895_a_at 4.65 Id1 1425897_at 4.65 — 1425898_x_at 4.65 Olfm3 1425899_a_at 4.65 Itsn1 1425901_at 4.65 Nfatc2 1425903_at 4.65 Sema6a 1425904_at 4.65 Satb2 1425905_at 4.65 — 1425906_a_at 4.65 Sema3e 1425907_s_at 4.65 Amot 1425908_at 4.65 Gnb1 1425910_at 4.65 Dnajc2 1425911_a_at 4.65 Fgfr1 1425912_at 4.65 Cep164 1425913_a_at 4.65 Spats2l 1425914_a_at 4.65 Armcx1 1425915_at 4.65 Slc26a8 1425916_at 4.65 Capn8 1425917_at 4.65 H28 1425918_at 4.65 — 1425919_at 4.65 Ndufa12 1425920_at 4.65 Cuedc1 1425921_a_at 4.65 1810055G02Rik 1425922_a_at 4.65 Mycn 1425923_at 4.65 Mycn 1425925_at 4.65 Fcamr 1425926_a_at 4.65 Otx2 1425927_a_at 4.65 Atf5 1425928_at 4.65 Xkr6 1425929_a_at 4.65 Rnf14 1425931_a_at 4.65 Arntl2 1425932_a_at 4.65 Celf1 1425934_a_at 4.65 B4galt4 1425935_at 4.65 Hspb11 1425936_a_at 4.65 Ankmy2 1425937_a_at 4.65 Hexim1 1425939_at 4.65 Rad50 1425940_a_at 4.65 Ssbp3 1425941_a_at 4.65 Fanci 1425942_a_at 4.65 Gpm6b 1425943_at 4.65 Nmur2 1425944_a_at 4.65 Rad51l3 1425945_at 4.65 Zfp626 1425946_at 4.65 Gstm7 1425947_at 4.65 Ifng 1425949_at 4.65 Slc25a30 1425950_at 4.65 Slc17a9 1425951_a_at 4.65 Clec4n 1425952_a_at 4.65 Gcg 1425953_at 4.65 — 1425954_a_at 4.65 Apex2 1425955_at 4.65 Cav2 1425958_at 4.65 Il1f9 1425959_x_at 4.65 Klra16 1425960_s_at 4.65 Pax6 1425962_at 4.65 Klrb1f 1425963_at 4.65 Cabp7 1425964_x_at 4.65 Hspb1 1425965_at 4.65 Ubc 1425966_x_at 4.65 Ubc 1425967_a_at 4.65 Mcpt4 1425968_s_at 4.65 Speg 1425969_a_at 4.65 Htt 1425970_a_at 4.65 Ros1 1425971_at 4.65 Naip3 1425972_a_at 4.65 Zfx 1425973_at 4.65 Lyst 1425975_a_at 4.65 Mapk8ip3 1426023_a_at 4.65 Rabep1 1426024_a_at 4.65 Dbn1 1426025_s_at 4.65 Laptm5 1425976_x_at 4.65 Zfp353 1425977_a_at 4.65 Slk 1425979_a_at 4.65 Fbf1 1425980_at 4.65 Wdr54 1425981_a_at 4.65 Rbl2 1425983_x_at 4.65 Hipk2 1425985_s_at 4.65 Masp1 1425986_a_at 4.65 Dcun1d1 1425987_a_at 4.65 Kcnma1 1425988_a_at 4.65 Hipk1 1425989_a_at 4.65 Eya3 1425990_a_at 4.65 Nfatc2 1425991_a_at 4.65 Kank2 1425992_at 4.65 Slc6a5 1425994_a_at 4.65 Asah2 1425995_s_at 4.65 Wt1 1425996_a_at 4.65 Hltf 1425997_a_at 4.65 Pign 1425998_at 4.65 Sytl4 1426001_at 4.65 Eomes 1426004_a_at 4.65 Tgm2 1426005_at 4.65 Dmp1 1426006_at 4.65 Kcnq2 1426008_a_at 4.65 Slc7a2 1426009_a_at 4.65 Pip5k1a 1426010_a_at 4.65 Epb4.1l3 1426011_a_at 4.65 Ggnbp2 1426012_a_at 4.65 2610301G19Rik 1426013_s_at 4.65 Plekha4 1426014_a_at 4.65 Cdhr5 1426017_a_at 4.65 0610011L14Rik 1426018_a_at 4.65 Sox6 1426019_at 4.65 Plaa 1426021_a_at 4.65 Cdc7 1426022_a_at 4.65 Vill 1426026_at 4.65 Prpf6 1426027_a_at 4.65 Arhgap10 1426028_a_at 4.65 Cit

TABLE 3 Examples of transcripts showing expression/ significant expression in endogenous HSCs Expression (Average of 4 datasets Probeset of purified HSCs) Gene Symbol 1424256_at 100879.78 Rdh12 1424539_at 79795.71 Ubl4 1420954_a_at 76447.45 Add1 1421742_at 75395.99 — 1424295_at 72899.90 Dppa3 1423567_a_at 72869.27 Psma7 1423106_at 70905.48 Ube2b 1424391_at 69677.87 Nrd1 1424069_at 69512.25 Napg 1424721_at 67140.32 Mfap3 1422960_at 65644.79 Srd5a2 1421948_a_at 64085.44 Ccdc123 1423089_at 62549.13 Tmod3 1424335_at 62005.99 Ppcdc 1423792_a_at 60183.19 Cmtm6 1422398_at 58720.84 Hist1h1e 1421896_at 58579.47 Elk1 1423355_at 57569.64 Snap29 1420529_at 57554.85 Dpf1 1423240_at 57379.26 Src 1421410_a_at 56489.03 Pstpip2 1421584_at 54335.88 Opn4 1420202_at 54182.06 — 1422376_at 54014.33 Vmn1r50 1423848_at 53959.70 Mphosph6 1422416_s_at 53943.95 Vpreb1///Vpreb2 1423907_a_at 53750.78 Ndufs8 1419015_at 52526.85 Wisp2 1422702_at 52048.42 Azin1 1423817_s_at 51920.82 Use1 1422664_at 51789.77 Rab10 1421988_at 51730.79 Papss2 1420092_at 51443.43 Morc3 1419919_at 50903.42 — 1423493_a_at 50864.75 Nfix 1420517_at 49770.55 Chmp4c 1422490_at 49492.67 Bnip2 1423805_at 49225.38 Dab2 1421893_a_at 49082.98 Tpp2 1422607_at 48373.32 Etv1 1422808_s_at 48260.89 Dock2 1423728_at 47793.86 Eif3l 1422634_a_at 47057.45 Vsig2 1423415_at 46829.97 Gpr83 1423774_a_at 46597.55 Prc1 1421205_at 46410.24 Atm 1422725_at 46373.82 Mak 1422876_at 46000.03 Capn9 1420030_at 45773.96 Slu7 1423082_at 45717.01 Derl1 1424369_at 45609.09 Psmf1 1424432_at 45430.90 Ubtd1 1421578_at 45382.12 Ccl4 1422729_at 45325.62 Pcdhb10 1424004_x_at 45166.17 4930444A02Rik 1419676_at 45159.39 Mx2 1422946_a_at 45067.84 Dnmt1 1420200_at 44965.21 — 1421868_a_at 44891.20 Pnlip 1420217_x_at 44808.32 — 1419864_x_at 44771.30 Tnpo1 1432675_at 44721.78 Mdn1 1423206_s_at 44538.34 2310003F16Rik/// Serf2 1423402_at 44427.28 Creb1 1420539_a_at 43572.89 Chrdl2 1423072_at 43569.21 6720475J19Rik 1423348_at 43334.95 Fzd8 1422152_at 43301.54 Hmx1 1420955_at 42958.08 Vsnl1 1422534_at 42719.81 Cyp51 1421514_a_at 42690.03 Scml2 1420573_at 42424.32 Hoxd1 1422139_at 42321.56 Plau 1423193_at 42255.15 Pspc1 1422949_at 41969.65 Nos1 1422585_at 41579.30 Odf1 1421685_at 41540.59 Clec4b1 1421144_at 41368.55 Rpgrip1 1422038_a_at 41364.86 Tnfrsf22 1425165_at 41318.16 Gzmn 1425101_a_at 41263.26 Fkbp6 1421858_at 40782.82 Adam17 1424361_at 40305.18 Tti2 1432026_a_at 39842.37 Herc6 1421877_at 39450.73 Mapk9 1424168_a_at 39344.00 Capzb 1423746_at 39125.86 Txndc5 1421784_a_at 39087.91 Efna4 1422216_at 38969.12 Mid2 1437495_at 38891.23 Mbtps2///Yy2 1422193_at 38621.58 Gucy2e 1424209_at 38397.04 Rars2 1421734_at 38265.53 Cxcr2 1422764_at 38046.45 Mapre1 1422461_at 37752.66 Atad3a 1422319_at 37656.70 — 1421828_at 37384.32 Kpna3 1422947_at 37379.83 Hist1h4a 1417187_at 37147.52 Ube2k 1420237_at 37138.69 — 1421111_at 37129.17 Rybp 1421762_at 36844.59 Kcnj5 1425001_at 36814.72 Rnf146 1422763_at 36738.09 Gipc1 1421198_at 36633.80 Itgav 1423022_at 36619.85 Adra2a 1425460_at 36318.33 Mtmr2 1423718_at 35541.24 Ak3 1424746_at 35456.02 Kif1c 1422791_at 35371.28 Pafah1b2 1443492_at 35208.55 — 1422154_at 35197.92 Gpr27 1423232_at 35156.06 Etv4 1434987_at 34983.28 Aldh2 1421928_at 34894.19 Epha4 1421276_a_at 34783.78 Dst 1418807_at 34723.24 3110070M22Rik 1421357_at 34509.96 Gtf2a1 1420450_at 33787.26 Mmp10 1425562_s_at 33760.26 Trnt1 1422137_at 33732.68 Duoxa2 1420882_a_at 33268.28 Acd 1420792_at 32727.55 4930433N12Rik 1428618_at 32608.49 Hcfc2 1423324_at 32498.13 Pnn 1421066_at 32380.36 Jak2 1421767_at 32357.95 Adk 1423465_at 32223.80 Frrs1 1420412_at 32006.60 Tnfsf10 1422403_at 31627.13 Gm12597 1420644_a_at 31555.81 Sec61a2 1424157_at 31355.35 Ehd2 1425678_a_at 31211.98 Snrk 1419171_at 30993.36 Fam174a 1424059_at 30975.22 Suv420h2 1423390_at 30941.65 Siah1a 1430244_at 30636.46 4921509J17Rik 1424356_a_at 30596.60 Metrnl 1422035_at 30526.30 Serpinb9c 1424763_at 30455.13 Rsph9 1420242_at 30259.70 — 1423292_a_at 30255.63 Prx 1425719_a_at 30011.99 Nmi 1422891_at 29811.27 H2-Ea-ps 1433073_at 29755.02 4933425E08Rik 1424874_a_at 29586.89 Ptbp1 1421795_s_at 29485.47 Klrc2///Klrc3 1424781_at 29441.10 Reep3 1420106_at 29316.87 Siah1a 1423735_a_at 29115.24 Wdr36 1421132_at 28979.38 Pvrl3 1423440_at 28884.32 Fam33a 1424619_at 28807.35 Sf3b4 1420359_at 28678.72 Sva 1422121_at 28666.64 Oprd1 1424773_at 28663.97 Fam125a 1422217_a_at 28522.13 Cyp1a1 1419908_at 28487.43 Fcrla 1416576_at 27695.03 Socs3 1422574_at 27639.56 Mxd4 1433622 at 27471.80 Gemin4///Glod4/// Gm6330 1438263_at 27434.33 9430020K01Rik 1425220_x_at 27306.78 LOC100038937 1422454_at 27268.17 Krt13 1422240_s_at 26926.68 Sprr2h 1433942_at 26894.49 Myo6 1437613_s_at 26870.76 Ptpdc1 1418969_at 26582.64 Skp2 1421818_at 26510.49 Bcl6 1422017_s_at 26492.47 4833439L19Rik 1422088_at 26321.36 Mycl1 1424911_a_at 26252.42 Lyzl4 1415812_at 26042.95 Gsn 1422592_at 25974.74 Ctnnd2 1421422_at 25602.36 5033411D12Rik 1422511_a_at 25483.54 Ogfr 1432823_at 25438.68 Sypl2 1421211_a_at 25380.22 Ciita 1416578_at 25267.25 Gm9840///Rbx1 1425535_at 25144.30 Repin1 1420466_at 25061.79 Mucl1 1437720_at 24921.64 Eif2d 1422435_at 24867.70 2210010C04Rik 1420648_at 24760.09 Trim12a 1421382_at 24658.48 Prlr 1416404_s_at 24652.70 Rps16 1424118_a_at 24646.84 Spc25 1425180_at 24391.49 Sgip1 1422621_at 24276.19 Ranbp2 1421265_a_at 24108.68 Rbm38 1423590_at 23955.37 Napsa 1431842_at 23948.99 4930422C21Rik 1428567_at 23851.44 Hspbap1 1424928_at 23715.06 2210018M11Rik 1421894_a_at 23697.49 Tpp2 1420489_at 23628.96 Mrps14 1425406_at 23574.24 Clec4a2 1419907_s_at 23407.93 Fcrla 1421139_a_at 23222.94 Zfp386 1420219_at 23098.02 Dnajc21 1420714_at 23021.11 Lbx2 1419571_at 23014.90 Slc28a3 1424501_at 22942.41 Utp6 1423777_at 22813.47 Usp20 1424712_at 22776.38 Ahctf1 1421693_a_at 22651.12 Gpr98 1437991_x_at 22601.85 Rusc1 1418666_at 22593.56 Ptx3 1420348_at 22525.87 Lhx5 1422735_at 22457.19 Foxq1 1424455_at 22297.49 Gprasp1 1420446_at 22176.11 Odf3 1420207_at 22023.74 — 1421363_at 21974.00 Cyp2c39

TABLE 4 Exemplary methylation sites in isolated/endogenous HSCs Chr. Chr. Start Chr. End Name Gene Name EnsemblId HSC chr1 38475000 38476000 35378 Rev1 ENSMUSG00000026082 0.971 chr1 174135000 174136000 168890 Dcaf8 ENSMUSG00000026554 0.663 chr1 187516000 187517000 181864 Slc30a10 ENSMUSG00000026614 0.540 chr1 190087000 190088000 184435 Ush2a ENSMUSG00000026609 0.974 chr1 38011000 38012000 34914 Lyg2 ENSMUSG00000061584 0.612 chr1 36290000 36291000 33193 Hs6st1 ENSMUSG00000045216 0.522 chr1 91946000 91947000 86834 Asb18 ENSMUSG00000067081 0.576 chr1 91825000 91826000 86713 Agap1 ENSMUSG00000055013 0.365 chr1 12966000 12967000 9967 Sulf1 ENSMUSG00000016918 0.596 chr1 191714000 191715000 186062 Ptpn14 ENSMUSG00000026604 0.994 chr1 94962000 94963000 89850 Aqp12 ENSMUSG00000045091 0.604 chr1 36355000 36356000 33258 Neurl3 ENSMUSG00000047180 0.539 chr1 34593000 34594000 31496 Cfc1 ENSMUSG00000026124 0.211 chr1 185803000 185804000 180151 Tlr5 ENSMUSG00000079164 0.213 chr1 74195000 74196000 71098 Rufy4 ENSMUSG00000061815 0.610 chr1 90736000 90737000 85624 Arl4c ENSMUSG00000049866 0.653 chr1 191658000 191659000 186006 Ptpn14 ENSMUSG00000026604 0.974 chr1 191661000 191662000 186009 Ptpn14 ENSMUSG00000026604 0.968 chr1 38579000 38580000 35482 Rev1 ENSMUSG00000026082 0.969 chr1 127809000 127810000 122697 Lypd1 ENSMUSG00000026344 0.213 chr1 25234000 25235000 22137 Lmbrd1 ENSMUSG00000073725 0.550 chr1 191952000 191953000 186300 Smyd2 ENSMUSG00000026603 0.658 chr1 91954000 91955000 86842 Asb18 ENSMUSG00000067081 0.980 chr1 188658000 188659000 183006 Rrp15 ENSMUSG00000001305 0.000 chr1 34308000 34309000 31211 Dst ENSMUSG00000026131 0.365 chr1 137815000 137816000 132703 Pkp1 ENSMUSG00000026413 0.035 chr1 191583000 191584000 185931 Ptpn14 ENSMUSG00000026604 0.979 chr1 14812000 14813000 11813 Msc ENSMUSG00000025930 0.587 chr1 94547000 94548000 89435 Otos ENSMUSG00000044055 0.795 chr1 36327000 36328000 33230 Uggt1 ENSMUSG00000037470 0.150 chr1 90701000 90702000 85589 Ar14c ENSMUSG00000049866 0.893 chr1 40212000 40213000 37115 Il1r2 ENSMUSG00000026073 0.970 chr1 140473000 140474000 135361 Atp6v1g3 ENSMUSG00000026394 0.599 chr1 90565000 90566000 85453 Glrp1 ENSMUSG00000062310 0.564 chr1 51516000 51517000 48419 Sdpr ENSMUSG00000045954 0.707 chr2 163597000 163598000 351938 Ada ENSMUSG00000017697 0.588 chr2 29297000 29298000 217736 Med27 ENSMUSG00000026799 0.969 chr2 170120000 170121000 358461 ENSMUSG00000084013 0.640 chr2 170332000 170333000 358673 Cyp24a1 ENSMUSG00000038567 0.553 chr2 63809000 63810000 252199 ENSMUSG00000065837 0.612 chr2 143610000 143611000 331951 Pcsk2 ENSMUSG00000027419 0.894 chr2 163321000 163322000 351662 R3hdml ENSMUSG00000078949 0.795 chr2 147874000 147875000 336215 Foxa2 ENSMUSG00000037025 0.030 chr2 151719000 151720000 340060 Rspo4 ENSMUSG00000032852 0.482 chr2 170107000 170108000 358448 Zfp217 ENSMUSG00000052056 0.650 chr2 101484000 101485000 289874 ENSMUSG00000027165 0.969 chr2 157964000 157965000 346305 Rprd1b ENSMUSG00000027651 0.974 chr2 162773000 162774000 351114 L3mbtl ENSMUSG00000035576 0.573 chr2 82981000 82982000 271371 ENSMUSG00000075248 0.640 chr2 165999000 166000000 354340 Sulf2 ENSMUSG00000006800 0.795 chr2 29061000 29062000 217500 Setx ENSMUSG00000043535 0.622 chr2 173161000 173162000 361500 Pmepa1 ENSMUSG00000038400 0.036 chr2 92582000 92583000 280972 Chst1 ENSMUSG00000027221 0.381 chr2 160803000 160804000 349144 Emilin3 ENSMUSG00000050700 0.976 chr2 57034000 57035000 245473 Nr4a2 ENSMUSG00000026826 0.002 chr2 153116000 153117000 341457 Pofut1 ENSMUSG00000046020 0.510 chr2 37898000 37899000 226337 Crb2 ENSMUSG00000035403 0.971 chr2 78788000 78789000 267178 Ube2e3 ENSMUSG00000027011 0.640 chr2 152737000 152738000 341078 Mylk2 ENSMUSG00000027470 0.465 chr2 127978000 127979000 316319 Bcl2l11 ENSMUSG00000027381 0.532 chr2 34060000 34061000 222499 Fam125b ENSMUSG00000038740 0.990 chr2 38079000 38080000 226518 Crb2 ENSMUSG00000035403 0.621 chr2 152831000 152832000 341172 Ttll9 ENSMUSG00000074673 0.971 chr2 151272000 151273000 339613 ENSMUSG00000083391 0.645 chr2 32730000 32731000 221169 Stxbp1 ENSMUSG00000026797 0.115 chr2 35302000 35303000 223741 Ggta1 ENSMUSG00000035778 0.402 chr2 173251000 173252000 361590 Pmepa1 ENSMUSG00000038400 0.643 chr2 26338000 26339000 214777 Sec16a ENSMUSG00000026924 0.530 chr2 131778000 131779000 320119 Prnd ENSMUSG00000027338 0.131 chr2 26436000 26437000 214875 Egfl7 ENSMUSG00000026921 0.641 chr3 102264000 102265000 469052 Vangl1 ENSMUSG00000027860 0.600 chr3 149018000 149019000 515708 Gm5149 ENSMUSG00000069803 0.894 chr3 98205000 98206000 464993 Zfp697 ENSMUSG00000050064 0.830 chr3 130829000 130830000 497568 Lef1 ENSMUSG00000027985 0.973 chr3 99341000 99342000 466129 M6pr-ps ENSMUSG00000078549, 0.648 ENSMUSG00000080832 chr3 154140000 154141000 520830 Lhx8 ENSMUSG00000028201 0.489 chr3 68330000 68331000 435118 Schip1 ENSMUSG00000027777 0.540 chr3 50817000 50818000 417605 Slc7a11 ENSMUSG00000027737 0.973 chr3 152572000 152573000 519262 Pigk ENSMUSG00000039047 0.655 chr3 159417000 159418000 526107 Rpe65 ENSMUSG00000028174 0.887 chr3 96723000 96724000 463511 Gpr89 ENSMUSG00000028096 0.780 chr3 97116000 97117000 463904 Bcl9 ENSMUSG00000038256 0.519 chr3 38101000 38102000 404942 ENSMUSG00000064315 0.211 chr3 149189000 149190000 515879 Gm5149 ENSMUSG00000069803 0.979 chr3 45185000 45186000 412022 Pcdh10 ENSMUSG00000049100 0.035 chr3 102460000 102461000 469248 Ngf ENSMUSG00000027859 0.781 chr3 51629000 51630000 418417 Maml3 ENSMUSG00000061143 0.978 chr3 96493000 96494000 463281 Ankrd35 ENSMUSG00000038354 0.385 chr3 129255000 129256000 495994 Elovl6 ENSMUSG00000041220 0.201 chr3 44165000 44166000 411002 D3Ertd751e A,ENSMUSG00000025766 0.990 chr3 130507000 130508000 497246 Rpl34 ENSMUSG00000062006 0.366 chr3 130921000 130922000 497660 Lef1 ENSMUSG00000027985 0.380 chr3 153483000 153484000 520173 ENSMUSG00000062046 0.968 chr3 96332000 96333000 463120 Hfe2 ENSMUSG00000038403 0.566 chr3 41372000 41373000 408209 Phf17 ENSMUSG00000025764 0.980 chr3 68780000 68781000 435568 ENSMUSG00000046999 0.969 chr3 63843000 63844000 430631 Gmps ENSMUSG00000027823 0.061 chr3 41391000 41392000 408228 Phf17 ENSMUSG00000025764 0.096 chr3 68524000 68525000 435312 Il12a ENSMUSG00000027776 0.614 chr3 8717000 8718000 375607 Hey1 ENSMUSG00000040289 0.114 chr3 43890000 43891000 410727 D3Ertd751e A,ENSMUSG00000025766 0.975 chr3 53171000 53172000 419959 Lhfp ENSMUSG00000048332 0.781 chr3 51163000 51164000 417951 Elf2 ENSMUSG00000037174 0.124 chr3 51001000 51002000 417789 Slc7a11 ENSMUSG00000027737 0.578 chr3 102264000 102265000 469052 Vangl1 ENSMUSG00000027860 0.600 chr4 109103000 109104000 632057 Ttc39a ENSMUSG00000028555 0.531 chr4 71043000 71044000 594086 ENSMUSG00000061903, 1.000 ENSMUSG00000083914 chr4 62267000 62268000 585310 Rgs3 ENSMUSG00000059810 0.536 chr4 116947000 116948000 639901 Tmem53 ENSMUSG00000048772 0.968 chr4 82154000 82155000 605197 Nfib ENSMUSG00000008575 0.614 chr4 47445000 47446000 570636 Tgfbr1 ENSMUSG00000007613 0.968 chr4 116828000 116829000 639782 Rps8 ENSMUSG00000047675, 0.077 ENSMUSG00000064457 chr4 113690000 113691000 636644 Skint5 ENSMUSG00000078598 0.655 chr4 138656000 138657000 661461 Nbl1 ENSMUSG00000041120 0.982 chr4 137949000 137950000 660754 Cda ENSMUSG00000028755 0.707 chr4 47398000 47399000 570589 Tgfbr1 ENSMUSG00000007613 0.977 chr4 106926000 106927000 629880 Hspb11 ENSMUSG00000028617, 0.031 ENSMUSG00000063172 chr4 154374000 154375000 676931 Pank4 ENSMUSG00000029056 0.640 chr4 116976000 116977000 639930 Rnf220 ENSMUSG00000028677 0.473 chr4 137307000 137308000 660112 Rap1gap ENSMUSG00000041351 0.347 chr4 116951000 116952000 639905 Tmem53 ENSMUSG00000048772 0.893 chr4 138649000 138650000 661454 Nbl1 ENSMUSG00000041120 0.474 chr4 115825000 115826000 638779 Pomgnt1 ENSMUSG00000028700 0.984 chr4 149287000 149288000 671844 Spsb1 ENSMUSG00000039911 0.584 chr4 47014000 47015000 570205 Gabbr2 ENSMUSG00000039809 0.492 chr4 153893000 153894000 676450 Arhgef16 ENSMUSG00000029032 0.043 chr4 116985000 116986000 639939 Rnf220 ENSMUSG00000028677 0.602 chr4 62847000 62848000 585890 Kif12 ENSMUSG00000028357 0.105 chr4 141376000 141377000 664181 Casp9 ENSMUSG00000028914 0.976 chr4 119963000 119964000 642917 Foxo6 ENSMUSG00000052135 0.492 chr4 52456000 52457000 575647 Smc2 ENSMUSG00000028312 0.971 chr4 137218000 137219000 660023 Usp48 ENSMUSG00000043411 0.593 chr4 46837000 46838000 570028 Gabbr2 ENSMUSG00000039809 0.344 chr4 140221000 140222000 663026 Arhgef101 ENSMUSG00000040964 0.582 chr4 150263000 150264000 672820 Errfi1 ENSMUSG00000028967 0.589 chr4 46606000 46607000 569797 Coro2a ENSMUSG00000028337 0.654 chr4 138060000 138061000 660865 Camk2n1 ENSMUSG00000046447 0.536 chr4 155029000 155030000 677586 Mmp23 ENSMUSG00000029061 0.178 chr4 107243000 107244000 630197 Glis1 ENSMUSG00000034762 0.548 chr4 150514000 150515000 673071 Camta1 ENSMUSG00000014592 0.114 chr5 44595000 44596000 718679 Prom1 ENSMUSG00000029086 0.606 chr5 66887000 66888000 740971 Apbb2 ENSMUSG00000029207 0.972 chr5 122493000 122494000 796432 ENSMUSG00000072641 0.994 chr5 116454000 116455000 790393 Cit ENSMUSG00000029516 0.706 chr5 116427000 116428000 790366 Cit ENSMUSG00000029516 0.614 chr5 110977000 110978000 784951 Galnt9 ENSMUSG00000033316 0.519 chr5 110987000 110988000 784961 Galnt9 ENSMUSG00000033316 0.106 chr5 146283000 146284000 819726 Cyp3a16 ENSMUSG00000038656 0.781 chr5 140407000 140408000 814100 Elfn1 ENSMUSG00000048988 0.517 chr5 151234000 151235000 824622 Fry ENSMUSG00000056602 0.975 chr5 66886000 66887000 740970 Apbb2 ENSMUSG00000029207 0.613 chr5 24096000 24097000 699235 Chpf2 ENSMUSG00000038181 0.538 chr5 140986000 140987000 814679 Chst12 ENSMUSG00000036599 0.516 chr5 140449000 140450000 814142 Elfn1 ENSMUSG00000048988 0.514 chr5 74283000 74284000 748367 Spata18 ENSMUSG00000029155 0.598 chr5 38746000 38747000 712830 Drd5 ENSMUSG00000039358 0.975 chr5 125772000 125773000 799620 Ncor2 ENSMUSG00000029478 0.968 chr5 75642000 75643000 749715 Pdgfra ENSMUSG00000029231 0.974 chr5 75356000 75357000 749429 Gm6116 ENSMUSG00000072874 0.380 chr5 66444000 66445000 740528 ENSMUSG00000054598 0.975 chr5 66141000 66142000 740225 Pds5a ENSMUSG00000029202 0.968 chr5 128822000 128823000 802670 Glt1d1 ENSMUSG00000049971 0.707 chr5 75544000 75545000 749617 Gsx2 ENSMUSG00000035946 0.089 chr5 29591000 29592000 703830 Rnf32 ENSMUSG00000029130 0.968 chr5 148458000 148459000 821851 Pan3 ENSMUSG00000029647 0.117 chr5 135031000 135032000 808854 Clip2 ENSMUSG00000063146 0.027 chr5 147572000 147573000 820965 Gpr12 ENSMUSG00000041468 0.971 chr5 125751000 125752000 799599 Ncor2 ENSMUSG00000029478 0.592 chr5 112852000 112853000 786826 Asphd2 ENSMUSG00000029348 0.516 chr5 116048000 116049000 789987 Gcn1l1 ENSMUSG00000041638 0.980 chr5 71808000 71809000 745892 Gabra2 ENSMUSG00000000560 0.894 chr5 129288000 129289000 803130 Piwil1 ENSMUSG00000029423 0.657 chr5 74256000 74257000 748340 Spata18 ENSMUSG00000029155 0.571 chr5 8930000 8931000 684118 Abcb4 ENSMUSG00000042476 0.970 chr5 36741000 36742000 710905 Sorcs2 ENSMUSG00000029093 0.129 chr6 113592000 113593000 936418 Irak2 ENSMUSG00000060477 0.612 chr6 35312000 35313000 858188 Fam180a ENSMUSG00000047420 0.645 chr6 113622000 113623000 936448 Irak2 ENSMUSG00000060477 0.646 chr6 93644000 93645000 916470 ENSMUSG00000077180 0.984 chr6 71485000 71486000 894311 Rnf103 ENSMUSG00000052656 0.976 chr6 56967000 56968000 879793 V1rc20 ENSMUSG00000058923 0.646 chr6 114459000 114460000 93728 5Hrh1 ENSMUSG00000053004 0.606 chr6 52152000 52153000 874978 Hoxa3 ENSMUSG00000079560 0.894 chr6 114167000 114168000 936993 Slc6a11 ENSMUSG00000030307 0.506 chr6 52140000 52141000 874966 Hoxa3 ENSMUSG00000079560 0.575 chr6 120083000 120084000 942909 Ninj2 ENSMUSG00000041377 0.981 chr6 114576000 114577000 937402 Hrh1 ENSMUSG00000053004 0.655 chr6 91642000 91643000 914468 S1c6a6 ENSMUSG00000030096 0.974 chr6 113892000 113893000 936718 Atp2b2 ENSMUSG00000030302 0.619 chr6 115569000 115570000 938395 Mkrn2 ENSMUSG00000000439 0.147 chr6 88868000 88869000 911694 Tpra1 ENSMUSG00000002871 0.538 chr6 121007000 121008000 943833 ENSMUSG00000052437 0.984 chr6 93016000 93017000 915842 Adamts9 ENSMUSG00000030022 0.184 chr6 55531000 55532000 878357 Adcyap1r1 ENSMUSG00000029778 0.659 chr6 120015000 120016000 942841 Wnk1 ENSMUSG00000045962 0.612 chr6 121857000 121858000 944683 Mug1 ENSMUSG00000059908 0.641 chr6 120062000 120063000 942888 Ninj2 ENSMUSG00000041377 0.089 chr6 71930000 71931000 894756 Polr1a ENSMUSG00000049553 0.581 chr6 113233000 113234000 936059 Cpne9 ENSMUSG00000030270 0.055 chr6 119270000 119271000 942096 Cacna2d4 ENSMUSG00000041460 0.509 chr6 95698000 95699000 918524 Suc1g2 ENSMUSG00000061838 0.968 chr6 119076000 119077000 941902 Cacna1c ENSMUSG00000051331 0.980 chr6 114478000 114479000 937304 Hrh1 ENSMUSG00000053004 0.595 chr6 120922000 120923000 943748 Bid ENSMUSG00000004446 0.970 chr6 90569000 90570000 913395 S1c41a3 ENSMUSG00000030089 0.536 chr6 37476000 37477000 860352 Creb312 ENSMUSG00000038648 0.567 chr6 92560000 92561000 915386 Prickle2 ENSMUSG00000030020 0.622 chr6 133994000 133995000 956820 Etv6 ENSMUSG00000030199 0.275 chr6 97236000 97237000 920062 Lmod3 ENSMUSG00000044086 0.970 chr6 114568000 114569000 937394 Hrh1 ENSMUSG00000053004 0.587 chr7 63706000 63707000 1025546 Oca2 ENSMUSG00000030450 0.578 chr7 148203000 148204000 1109860 Ifitm6 ENSMUSG00000059108 0.255 chr7 80664000 80665000 1042454 Chd2 ENSMUSG00000025788 0.973 chr7 29529000 29530000 998369 Sars2 ENSMUSG00000070699 0.977 chr7 150661000 150662000 1112279 Slc22a18 ENSMUSG00000000154 0.559 chr7 28261000 28262000 997101 Sertad3 ENSMUSG00000055200 0.978 chr7 138081000 138082000 1099817 Htra1 ENSMUSG00000006205 0.487 chr7 86133000 86134000 1047923 Isg20 ENSMUSG00000039236 0.977 chr7 25919000 25920000 994759 Pou2f2 ENSMUSG00000008496 0.512 chr7 135532000 135533000 1097268 BC017158 ENSMUSG00000030780 0.575 chr7 139909000 139910000 1101595 Lhpp ENSMUSG00000030946 0.566 chr7 64394000 64395000 1026234 Gabrg3 ENSMUSG00000055026 0.653 chr7 31251000 31252000 1000091 Nphs1 ENSMUSG00000006649 0.115 chr7 137155000 137156000 1098891 Brwd2 ENSMUSG00000042055 0.564 chr7 30000000 30001000 998840 Catsperg1 ENSMUSG00000049676 0.539 chr7 30010000 30011000 998850 Catsperg1 ENSMUSG00000049676 0.579 chr7 52120000 52121000 1013960 Pnkp ENSMUSG00000002963 0.510 chr7 134528000 134529000 1096264 Zfp747 ENSMUSG00000054381 0.968 chr7 29957000 29958000 998797 Ggn ENSMUSG00000031493 0.652 chr7 118165000 118166000 1079901 Mrvi1 ENSMUSG00000005611 0.556 chr7 80522000 80523000 1042312 Rgma ENSMUSG00000070509 0.541 chr7 142677000 142678000 1104363 Foxi2 ENSMUSG00000048377 0.104 chr7 26388000 26389000 995228 Ceacam2 ENSMUSG00000054385 0.968 chr7 53048000 53049000 1014888 Lmtk3 ENSMUSG00000062044 0.658 chr7 52679000 52680000 1014519 Lhb ENSMUSG00000038194 0.968 chr7 25941000 25942000 994781 ENSMUSG00000074274 0.489 chr7 127450000 127451000 1089186 Abca14 ENSMUSG00000062017 0.969 chr7 148124000 148125000 1109781 Nlrp6 ENSMUSG00000038745 0.579 chr7 148031000 148032000 1109688 Scgb1c1 ENSMUSG00000038801 0.362 chr7 72838000 72839000 1034628 Tm2d3 ENSMUSG00000078681 0.031 chr7 36472000 36473000 1005312 Pdcd5 ENSMUSG00000030417 0.213 chr7 52615000 52616000 1014455 Ppfia3 ENSMUSG00000003863 0.525 chr7 30719000 30720000 999559 Zfp27 ENSMUSG00000062040 0.981 chr7 52128000 52129000 1013968 Ptov1 ENSMUSG00000038502 0.585 chr7 92172000 92173000 1053957 Vmn2r66 ENSMUSG00000072241 0.893 chr8 119062000 119063000 1226266 Dynlrb2 ENSMUSG00000034467 0.591 chr8 24265000 24266000 1133309 Nkx6-3 ENSMUSG00000063672 0.582 chr8 119147000 119148000 1226351 Cdyl2 ENSMUSG00000031758 0.969 chr8 18034000 18035000 1129177 Csmd1 ENSMUSG00000060924 0.781 chr8 116490000 116491000 1223694 Adamts18 ENSMUSG00000053399 0.609 chr8 119154000 119155000 1226358 Cdyl2 ENSMUSG00000031758 0.496 chr8 107998000 107999000 1215202 Tppp3 ENSMUSG00000014846 0.554 chr8 25462000 25463000 1134506 ENSMUSG00000053979 0.186 chr8 11605000 11606000 1122748 Ing1 ENSMUSG00000045969 0.969 chr8 109135000 109136000 1216339 Cdh1 ENSMUSG00000000303 0.596 chr8 117689000 117690000 1224893 Wwox ENSMUSG00000004637 0.077 chr8 109576000 109577000 1216780 Pdf ENSMUSG00000078931 0.971 chr8 11476000 11477000 1122619 Col4a2 ENSMUSG00000031503 0.048 chr8 28267000 28268000 1137311 Brf2 ENSMUSG00000031487 0.969 chr8 8319000 8320000 1119462 ENSMUSG00000077378 0.979 chr8 109363000 109364000 1216567 Tmco7 ENSMUSG00000041949 0.581 chr8 117268000 117269000 1224472 Wwox ENSMUSG00000004637 0.496 chr8 16794000 16795000 1127937 Csmd1 ENSMUSG00000060924 0.980 chr8 109034000 109035000 1216238 Cdh3 ENSMUSG00000061048 0.036 chr8 26081000 26082000 1135125 Adam32 ENSMUSG00000037437 0.974 chr8 117123000 117124000 1224327 Wwox ENSMUSG00000004637 0.645 chr8 124847000 124848000 1232051 Zfpm1 ENSMUSG00000049577 0.641 chr8 117231000 117232000 1224435 Wwox ENSMUSG00000004637 0.344 chr8 109202000 109203000 1216406 Cdh1 ENSMUSG00000000303 0.106 chr8 15029000 15030000 1126172 Kbtbd11 ENSMUSG00000055675 0.510 chr8 18751000 18752000 1129894 Angpt2 ENSMUSG00000031465 0.978 chr8 11464000 11465000 1122607 Col4a2 ENSMUSG00000031503 0.591 chr8 11421000 11422000 1122564 Col4a2 ENSMUSG00000031503 0.646 chr8 114534000 114535000 1221738 Kars ENSMUSG00000031948 0.000 chr8 119606000 119607000 1226810 Pkd1l2 ENSMUSG00000034416 0.647 chr8 19090000 19091000 1130233 Defb39 ENSMUSG00000061847 0.795 chr8 12467000 12468000 1123610 Gm5607 ENSMUSG00000047935 0.532 chr8 108693000 108694000 1215897 Slc7a6 ENSMUSG00000031904 0.043 chr8 124579000 124580000 1231783 Banp ENSMUSG00000025316 0.662 chr8 125039000 125040000 1232243 Fam38a ENSMUSG00000014444 0.973 chr9 64478000 64479000 1300320 Megfl1 ENSMUSG00000036466 0.780 chr9 5029000 5030000 1240972 Gria4 ENSMUSG00000025892 0.993 chr9 30371000 30372000 1266263 Snx19 ENSMUSG00000031993 0.616 chr9 14477000 14478000 1250369 Amotl1 ENSMUSG00000013076 0.830 chr9 20712000 20713000 1256604 Eif3g ENSMUSG00000070319 0.969 chr9 20548000 20549000 1256440 Olfm2 ENSMUSG00000032172 0.183 chr9 78369000 78370000 1314211 Eef1a1 ENSMUSG00000037742 0.060 chr9 71465000 71466000 1307307 Gcom1 ENSMUSG00000041361 0.588 chr9 98765000 98766000 1334495 ENSMUSG00000032460 0.488 chr9 54281000 54282000 1290123 Dmxl2 ENSMUSG00000041268 0.697 chr9 119542000 119543000 1355198 Scn5a ENSMUSG00000032511 0.533 chr9 26749000 26750000 1262641 Gm1110 ENSMUSG00000079644 0.548 chr9 27108000 27109000 1263000 Igsf9b ENSMUSG00000034275 0.037 chr9 100740000 100741000 1336470 Stag1 ENSMUSG00000037286 0.648 chr9 3199000 3200000 1239142 ENSMUSG00000042360 0.337 chr9 87134000 87135000 1322886 ENSMUSG00000056919 0.970 chr9 46251000 46252000 1282142 ENSMUSG00000056617 0.035 chr9 107803000 107804000 1343525 Mon1a ENSMUSG00000032583 0.242 chr9 119441000 119442000 1355097 Exog ENSMUSG00000042787 0.659 chr9 23786000 23787000 1259678 Bmper ENSMUSG00000031963 0.780 chr9 99010000 99011000 1334740 Gm1123 ENSMUSG00000044860 0.602 chr9 119469000 119470000 1355125 Exog ENSMUSG00000042787 0.610 chr9 63818000 63819000 1299660 Smad3 ENSMUSG00000032402 0.546 chr9 21905000 21906000 1257797 Cnn1 ENSMUSG00000001349 0.547 chr9 86648000 86649000 1322401 Prss35 ENSMUSG00000033491 0.968 chr9 60719000 60720000 1296561 ENSMUSG00000052143 0.980 chr9 59450000 59451000 1295292 Brunol6 ENSMUSG00000032297 0.365 chr9 57505000 57506000 1293347 Cyp1a1 ENSMUSG00000032315 0.661 chr9 121210000 121211000 1356866 Trak1 ENSMUSG00000032536 0.662 chr9 11634000 11635000 1247577 ENSMUSG00000077550 0.975 chr9 49014000 49015000 1284905 Tmprss5 ENSMUSG00000032268 0.391 chr9 17002000 17003000 1252894 Fat3 ENSMUSG00000074505 0.602 chr9 119508000 119509000 1355164 Scn5a ENSMUSG00000032511 0.411 chr9 99371000 99372000 1335101 ENSMUSG00000046242 0.581 chr9 76105000 76106000 1311947 Gfral ENSMUSG00000059383 0.556 chr10 85249000 85250000 1441793 Btbd11 ENSMUSG00000020042 0.655 chr10 75416000 75417000 1431960 Vpreb3 ENSMUSG00000000903 0.616 chr10 51662000 51663000 1408296 ENSMUSG00000062224 0.894 chr10 115215000 115216000 1471759 LgrS ENSMUSG00000020140 0.363 chr10 83855000 83856000 1440399 Appl2 ENSMUSG00000020263 0.254 chr10 90735000 90736000 1447279 Tmpo ENSMUSG00000019961 0.548 chr10 117325000 117326000 1473869 Rap1b ENSMUSG00000052681 0.573 chr10 75345000 75346000 1431889 Mif ENSMUSG00000033307 0.549 chr10 85194000 85195000 1441738 Btbd11 ENSMUSG00000020042 0.619 chr10 44176000 44177000 1400810 Atg5 ENSMUSG00000038160 0.476 chr10 76133000 76134000 1432677 Col6a2 ENSMUSG00000020241 0.588 chr10 92841000 92842000 1449385 Elk3 ENSMUSG00000008398 0.975 chr10 94048000 94049000 1450592 Tmcc3 ENSMUSG00000020023 0.970 chr10 84220000 84221000 1440764 Rfx4 ENSMUSG00000020037 0.211 chr10 118113000 118114000 1474657 Ifng ENSMUSG00000055170 0.600 chr10 45400000 45401000 1402034 Hace1 ENSMUSG00000038822 0.977 chr10 111079000 111080000 1467623 Phlda1 ENSMUSG00000020205 0.973 chr10 92739000 92740000 1449283 Cdk17 ENSMUSG00000020015 0.385 chr10 82467000 82468000 1439011 Chst11 ENSMUSG00000034612 0.107 chr10 93294000 93295000 1449838 Usp44 ENSMUSG00000020020 0.341 chr10 80415000 80416000 1436959 Gadd45b ENSMUSG00000015312 0.644 chr10 92997000 92998000 1449541 Hal ENSMUSG00000020017 0.055 chr10 83995000 83996000 1440539 ENSMUSG00000020033 0.337 chr10 42742000 42743000 1399376 Scml4 ENSMUSG00000044770 0.181 chr10 76421000 76422000 1432965 Col6a1 ENSMUSG00000001119, 0.975 ENSMUSG00000078445 chr10 70862000 70863000 1427406 Ipmk ENSMUSG00000060733 0.404 chr10 44149000 44150000 1400783 Atg5 ENSMUSG00000038160 0.187 chr10 6199000 6200000 1362882 Akap12 ENSMUSG00000038587 0.973 chr10 115629000 115630000 1472173 Ptprr ENSMUSG00000020151 0.604 chr10 80291000 80292000 1436835 Oaz1 ENSMUSG00000035242 0.547 chr10 42639000 42640000 1399273 Scml4 ENSMUSG00000044770 0.972 chr10 83854000 83855000 1440398 Appl2 ENSMUSG00000020263 0.366 chr10 93508000 93509000 1450052 Fgd6 ENSMUSG00000020021 0.969 chr10 59002000 59003000 1415551 Ccdc109a ENSMUSG00000009647 0.574 chr10 58540000 58541000 1415089 Sh3rf3 ENSMUSG00000037990 0.572 chr11 4029000 4030000 1487567 Sec1412 ENSMUSG00000003585 0.968 chr11 45926000 45927000 1529414 Adam19 ENSMUSG00000011256 0.981 chr11 106891000 106892000 1590329 ENSMUSG00000078607 0.494 chr11 117984000 117985000 1601422 Dnahc17 ENSMUSG00000033987 0.649 chr11 48650000 48651000 1532138 Trim7 ENSMUSG00000040350 0.502 chr11 66988000 66989000 1550476 Myh2 ENSMUSG00000033196 0.986 chr11 75765000 75766000 1559253 Rph3al ENSMUSG00000020847 0.969 chr11 75450000 75451000 1558938 Inpp5k ENSMUSG00000006127 0.214 chr11 69666000 69667000 1553154 Plscr3 ENSMUSG00000019461 0.780 chr11 65271000 65272000 1548759 Myocd ENSMUSG00000020542 0.978 chr11 61115000 61116000 1544603 Aldh3a2 ENSMUSG00000010025 0.524 chr11 67489000 67490000 1550977 Gas7 ENSMUSG00000033066 0.278 chr11 68767000 68768000 1552255 Arhgef15 ENSMUSG00000052921 0.201 chr11 3404000 3405000 1486942 Inpp5j ENSMUSG00000034570 0.591 chr11 69218000 69219000 1552706 Tmem88 ENSMUSG00000045377 0.968 chr11 45870000 45871000 1529358 Adam19 ENSMUSG00000011256 0.043 chr11 48982000 48983000 1532470 Olfr1394 ENSMUSG00000048378 0.088 chr11 61166000 61167000 1544654 Slc47a2 ENSMUSG00000069855 0.650 chr11 3578000 3579000 1487116 Morc2a ENSMUSG00000034543 0.977 chr11 96207000 96208000 1579645 Hoxb3 ENSMUSG00000048763 0.655 chr11 121247000 121248000 1604685 Wdr451 ENSMUSG00000025173 0.591 chr11 32129000 32130000 1515667 Mpg ENSMUSG00000020287 0.985 chr11 70029000 70030000 1553517 Slc16a11 ENSMUSG00000040938 0.473 chr11 69831000 69832000 1553319 Dlg4 ENSMUSG00000020886 0.516 chr11 67611000 67612000 1551099 Dhrs7c ENSMUSG00000033044 0.707 chr11 61891000 61892000 1545379 Cytsb ENSMUSG00000042331 0.027 chr11 65240000 65241000 1548728 Myocd ENSMUSG00000020542 0.983 chr11 115195000 115196000 1598633 Otop2 ENSMUSG00000050201 0.143 chr11 73078000 73079000 1556566 Trpv1 ENSMUSG00000005952 0.655 chr11 77698000 77699000 1561186 Myo18a ENSMUSG00000000631 0.615 chr11 17184000 17185000 1500722 C1d ENSMUSG00000000581 0.561 chr11 85104000 85105000 1568592 Appbp2 ENSMUSG00000018481 0.970 chr11 58948000 58949000 1542436 Obscn ENSMUSG00000061462 0.043 chr11 32168000 32169000 1515706 Mare ENSMUSG00000020289 0.610 chr11 117062000 117063000 1600500 Sept9 ENSMUSG00000059248 0.546 chr12 110498000 110499000 1711988 Begain ENSMUSG00000040867 0.970 chr12 110272000 110273000 1711762 Wdr25 ENSMUSG00000040877 0.616 chr12 29768000 29769000 1631742 Tssc1 ENSMUSG00000036613 0.577 chr12 32516000 32517000 1634490 Gpr22 ENSMUSG00000044067 0.983 chr12 27219000 27220000 1629193 Cmpk2 ENSMUSG00000020638 0.510 chr12 106915000 106916000 1708405 Bdkrb1 ENSMUSG00000041347 0.985 chr12 109577000 109578000 1711067 Cyp46a1 ENSMUSG00000021259 0.554 chr12 71553000 71554000 1673143 Trim9 ENSMUSG00000021071 0.002 chr12 109209000 109210000 1710699 ENSMUSG00000060375 0.565 chr12 77414000 77415000 1679004 Mthfd1 ENSMUSG00000021048 0.984 chr12 3366000 3367000 1605648 Kif3c ENSMUSG00000020668 0.362 chr12 16075000 16076000 1618348 Trib2 ENSMUSG00000020601 0.973 chr12 70859000 70860000 1672449 Atp5s ENSMUSG00000054894 0.105 chr12 77317000 77318000 1678907 Esr2 ENSMUSG00000021055 0.516 chr12 106372000 106373000 1707862 Glrx5 ENSMUSG00000021102 0.211 chr12 111900000 111901000 1713390 Dync1h1 ENSMUSG00000018707 0.987 chr12 120161000 120162000 1721651 Sp8 ENSMUSG00000048562 0.612 chr12 12558000 12559000 1614831 Fam49a ENSMUSG00000020589 0.554 chr12 110309000 110310000 1711799 Begain ENSMUSG00000040867 0.132 chr12 29483000 29484000 1631457 Tssc1 ENSMUSG00000036613 0.610 chr12 25412000 25413000 1627386 Rrm2 ENSMUSG00000020649 0.585 chr12 25595000 25596000 1627569 Mboat2 ENSMUSG00000020646 0.984 chr12 22990000 22991000 1625063 ENSMUSG00000073164 0.117 chr12 41126000 41127000 1643097 Ifrd1 ENSMUSG00000001627 0.979 chr12 105456000 105457000 1706946 Serpina3f ENSMUSG00000066363 0.795 chr12 70858000 70859000 1672448 Atp5s ENSMUSG00000054894 0.160 chr12 109189000 109190000 1710679 ENSMUSG00000060375 0.527 chr12 53846000 53847000 1655436 Akap6 ENSMUSG00000061603 0.521 chr12 4880000 4881000 1607153 ENSMUSG00000051721 0.539 chr12 72398000 72399000 1673988 ENSMUSG00000034601 0.609 chr12 109856000 109857000 1711346 Evl ENSMUSG00000021262 0.551 chr12 71368000 71369000 1672958 Pygl ENSMUSG00000021069 0.477 chr12 74638000 74639000 1676228 ENSMUSG00000056359 0.588 chr12 35345000 35346000 1637319 Hdac9 ENSMUSG00000004698 0.510 chr12 59370000 59371000 1660960 Clec14a ENSMUSG00000045930 0.575 chr13 59765000 59766000 1779334 Naa35 ENSMUSG00000021555 0.979 chr13 76000000 76001000 1795520 Glrx ENSMUSG00000021591 0.781 chr13 38751000 38752000 1758369 Eef1e1 ENSMUSG00000001707 0.343 chr13 40990000 40991000 1760572 Gcnt2 ENSMUSG00000021360 0.658 chr13 77139000 77140000 1796659 Mctp1 ENSMUSG00000021596 0.604 chr13 49415000 49416000 1768997 Fgd3 ENSMUSG00000037946 0.346 chr13 56077000 56078000 1775646 Pitx1 ENSMUSG00000021506 0.830 chr13 82225000 82226000 1801745 Cetn3 ENSMUSG00000021537 0.599 chr13 55020000 55021000 1774589 Tspan17 ENSMUSG00000025875 0.510 chr13 43483000 43484000 1763065 Sirt5 ENSMUSG00000054021 0.969 chr13 54894000 54895000 1774463 Tspan17 ENSMUSG00000025875 0.131 chr13 95993000 95994000 1814860 Pde8b ENSMUSG00000021684 0.061 chr13 56101000 56102000 1775670 Pitx1 ENSMUSG00000021506 0.664 chr13 86771000 86772000 1806291 Cox7c A,ENSMUSG00000017778 0.920 chr13 53330000 53331000 1772912 Nfil3 ENSMUSG00000056749 0.489 chr13 48812000 48813000 1768394 Barx1 ENSMUSG00000021381 0.697 chr13 73397000 73398000 1792917 Irx4 ENSMUSG00000021604 0.036 chr13 96324000 96325000 1815191 F2rl1 ENSMUSG00000021678 0.550 chr13 54940000 54941000 1774509 Tspan17 ENSMUSG00000025875 0.279 chr13 86554000 86555000 1806074 Cox7c A,ENSMUSG00000017778 0.920 chr13 54925000 54926000 1774494 Tspan17 ENSMUSG00000025875 0.116 chr13 55274000 55275000 1774843 Fgfr4 ENSMUSG00000005320 0.576 chr13 55709000 55710000 1775278 B4galt7 ENSMUSG00000021504 0.980 chr13 100412000 100413000 1819279 Mtap1b ENSMUSG00000052727 0.485 chr13 73653000 73654000 1793173 Lpcat1 ENSMUSG00000021608 0.970 chr13 52665000 52666000 1772247 Diras2 ENSMUSG00000047842 0.978 chr13 117104000 117105000 1835951 Isl1 ENSMUSG00000042258 0.030 chr13 24788000 24789000 1744406 Fam65b ENSMUSG00000036006 0.657 chr13 47211000 47212000 1766793 Dek ENSMUSG00000021377 0.977 chr13 108636000 108637000 1827483 Zswim6 ENSMUSG00000032846 0.178 chr13 61026000 61027000 1780595 Tpbpb ENSMUSG00000062705 0.830 chr13 102732000 102733000 1821599 Pik3r1 ENSMUSG00000041417 0.968 chr13 24954000 24955000 1744572 ENSMUSG00000006711 0.619 chr13 114100000 114101000 1832947 Gzmk ENSMUSG00000042385 0.971 chr13 51526000 51527000 1771108 S1pr3 ENSMUSG00000067586 0.550 chr14 57183000 57184000 1892761 Rnf17 ENSMUSG00000000365 0.978 chr14 106319000 106320000 1941897 Spry2 ENSMUSG00000022114 0.123 chr14 105999000 106000000 1941577 ENSMUSG00000022116 0.981 chr14 56719000 56720000 1892297 Mcpt8 ENSMUSG00000022157 0.795 chr14 60590000 60591000 1896168 Shisa2 ENSMUSG00000044461 0.974 chr14 111264000 111265000 1946842 Slitrk6 ENSMUSG00000045871 0.580 chr14 81960000 81961000 1917538 Olfm4 A,ENSMUSG00000022026 0.620 chr14 70216000 70217000 1905794 Rhobtb2 ENSMUSG00000022075 0.583 chr14 57752000 57753000 1893330 Gjb6 ENSMUSG00000040055 0.035 chr14 32114000 32115000 1867841 Bap1 ENSMUSG00000021901 0.968 chr14 122033000 122034000 1957611 S1c15a1 ENSMUSG00000025557 0.603 chr14 121197000 121198000 1956775 Rap2a ENSMUSG00000051615 0.618 chr14 33421000 33422000 1869148 Prrxl1 ENSMUSG00000041730 0.662 chr14 81245000 81246000 1916823 Olfm4 A,ENSMUSG00000022026 0.620 chr14 120198000 120199000 1955776 Hs6st3 ENSMUSG00000053465 0.974 chr14 73245000 73246000 1908823 Fndc3a ENSMUSG00000033487 0.489 chr14 119647000 119648000 1955225 Hs6st3 ENSMUSG00000053465 0.657 chr14 49199000 49200000 1884777 ENSMUSG00000036339 0.663 chr14 70567000 70568000 1906145 ENSMUSG00000044551 0.492 chr14 32461000 32462000 1868188 Btd ENSMUSG00000021900 0.969 chr14 121311000 121312000 1956889 IpoS ENSMUSG00000030662 0.000 chr14 32930000 32931000 1868657 Oxnad1 ENSMUSG00000021906 0.254 chr14 56445000 56446000 1892023 Nfatc4 ENSMUSG00000023411 0.650 chr14 80124000 80125000 1915702 Lect1 ENSMUSG00000022025 0.545 chr14 122785000 122786000 1958363 Clybl ENSMUSG00000025545 0.970 chr14 84828000 84829000 1920406 Olfm4 ENSMUSG00000022026 0.781 chr14 58417000 58418000 1893995 Sap18 ENSMUSG00000021963 0.097 chr14 47600000 47601000 1883178 Samd4 ENSMUSG00000021838 0.566 chr14 47833000 47834000 1883411 Gch1 ENSMUSG00000037580 0.646 chr14 121037000 121038000 1956615 Rap2a ENSMUSG00000051615 0.507 chr14 104872000 104873000 1940450 Pou4f1 ENSMUSG00000048349 0.035 chr14 121905000 121906000 1957483 Slc15a1 ENSMUSG00000025557 0.357 chr14 57183000 57184000 1892761 Rnf17 ENSMUSG00000000365 0.978 chr14 106319000 106320000 1941897 Spry2 ENSMUSG00000022114 0.123 chr14 105999000 106000000 1941577 ENSMUSG00000022116 0.981 chr14 56719000 56720000 1892297 Mcpt8 ENSMUSG00000022157 0.795 chr15 8666000 8667000 1966439 Slc1a3 ENSMUSG00000005360 0.031 chr15 5586000 5587000 1963359 Ptger4 ENSMUSG00000039942 0.985 chr15 89152000 89153000 2046871 Sbf1 ENSMUSG00000036529 0.617 chr15 93058000 93059000 2050777 Pdzrn4 ENSMUSG00000036218 0.612 chr15 12613000 12614000 1970382 Pdzd2 ENSMUSG00000022197 0.894 chr15 11848000 11849000 1969617 Npr3 ENSMUSG00000022206 0.706 chr15 92836000 92837000 2050555 Pdzrn4 ENSMUSG00000036218 0.591 chr15 93229000 93230000 2050948 Pphln1 ENSMUSG00000036167 0.077 chr15 84494000 84495000 2042213 Ldoc1l ENSMUSG00000055745 0.391 chr15 64125000 64126000 2021844 ENSMUSG00000078299 0.979 chr15 10965000 10966000 1968734 Slc45a2 ENSMUSG00000022243 0.620 chr15 100962000 100963000 2058681 Acyrl1 ENSMUSG00000000530 0.567 chr15 89231000 89232000 2046950 Odf3b ENSMUSG00000047394 0.480 chr15 62051000 62052000 2019770 H2afy3 ENSMUSG00000056590 0.535 chr15 76363000 76364000 2034082 Scrt1 ENSMUSG00000048385 0.585 chr15 89194000 89195000 2046913 Ncaph2 ENSMUSG00000008690 0.975 chr15 35232000 35233000 1993001 Osr2 ENSMUSG00000022330 0.097 chr15 55228000 55229000 2012947 Col14a1 ENSMUSG00000022371 0.781 chr15 12305000 12306000 1970074 Golph3 ENSMUSG00000022200 0.150 chr15 103014000 103015000 2060733 Smug1 ENSMUSG00000036061 0.147 chr15 92920000 92921000 2050639 Pdzrn4 ENSMUSG00000036218 0.214 chr15 102996000 102997000 2060715 Smug1 ENSMUSG00000036061 0.000 chr15 76468000 76469000 2034187 Vps28 ENSMUSG00000062381 0.970 chr15 96238000 96239000 2053957 Arid2 ENSMUSG00000033237 0.970 chr15 103145000 103146000 2060864 Gpr84 ENSMUSG00000063234 0.578 chr15 81531000 81532000 2039250 Chadl ENSMUSG00000063765 0.794 chr15 80282000 80283000 2038001 Cacna1i ENSMUSG00000022416 0.502 chr15 100304000 100305000 2058023 Letmd1 ENSMUSG00000037353 0.969 chr15 60989000 60990000 2018708 A1bg ENSMUSG00000022347 0.574 chr15 62397000 62398000 2020116 H2afy3 ENSMUSG00000056590 0.500 chr15 86070000 86071000 2043789 Tbc1d22a ENSMUSG00000051864 0.610 chr15 35317000 35318000 1993086 Vps136 ENSMUSG00000037646 0.972 chr15 84189000 84190000 2041908 Parvg ENSMUSG00000022439 0.340 chr15 98957000 98958000 2056676 Spats2 ENSMUSG00000051934 0.036 chr15 96201000 96202000 2053920 Arid2 ENSMUSG00000033237 0.972 chr16 72990000 72991000 2131115 Robo1 ENSMUSG00000022883 0.970 chr16 46495000 46496000 2104660 Pvrl3 ENSMUSG00000022656 0.069 chr16 44680000 44681000 2102845 Boc ENSMUSG00000022687 0.646 chr16 69797000 69798000 2127922 Cadm2 ENSMUSG00000064115 0.580 chr16 70668000 70669000 2128793 ENSMUSG00000062087 0.894 chr16 44795000 44796000 2102960 Cd200r1 ENSMUSG00000022667 0.569 chr16 37957000 37958000 2096122 Gpr156 ENSMUSG00000046961 0.657 chr16 70376000 70377000 2128501 Gbe1 ENSMUSG00000022707 0.973 chr16 35185000 35186000 2093350 Adcy5 ENSMUSG00000022840 0.969 chr16 69612000 69613000 2127737 Cadm2 ENSMUSG00000064115 0.980 chr16 48993000 48994000 2107158 Dzip3 ENSMUSG00000064061 0.037 chr16 28517000 28518000 2086682 Fgf12 ENSMUSG00000022523 0.557 chr16 94552000 94553000 2152456 Ripply3 ENSMUSG00000022941 0.980 chr16 88506000 88507000 2146631 Grik1 ENSMUSG00000022935 0.970 chr16 37078000 37079000 2095243 Polq ENSMUSG00000034206 0.971 chr16 38432000 38433000 2096597 Popdc2 ENSMUSG00000022803 0.650 chr16 44632000 44633000 2102797 Boc ENSMUSG00000022687 0.060 chr16 37684000 37685000 2095849 Ndufb4 ENSMUSG00000022820 0.185 chr16 93116000 93117000 2151241 Runx1 ENSMUSG00000022952 0.971 chr16 77115000 77116000 2135240 Usp25 ENSMUSG00000022867 0.980 chr16 36199000 36200000 2094364 Gm5483 ENSMUSG00000079597 0.390 chr16 35230000 35231000 2093395 Adcy5 ENSMUSG00000022840 0.574 chr16 65629000 65630000 2123754 Chmp2b ENSMUSG00000004843 0.516 chr16 95680000 95681000 2153584 Erg ENSMUSG00000040732 0.000 chr16 44099000 44100000 2102264 Gramd1c ENSMUSG00000036292 0.969 chr16 91321000 91322000 2149446 Olig1 ENSMUSG00000046160 0.780 chr16 94342000 94343000 2152246 Sim2 ENSMUSG00000062713 0.642 chr16 96621000 96622000 2154525 Pcp4 ENSMUSG00000000159 0.608 chr16 87843000 87844000 2145968 ENSMUSG00000055972 0.393 chr16 91248000 91249000 2149373 Olig2 ENSMUSG00000039830 0.656 chr16 44308000 44309000 2102473 Gm608 ENSMUSG00000068284 0.482 chr16 35156000 35157000 2093321 Adcy5 ENSMUSG00000022840 0.043 chr16 95822000 95823000 2153726 Erg ENSMUSG00000040732 0.655 chr16 77077000 77078000 2135202 Usp25 ENSMUSG00000022867 0.972 chr16 48449000 48450000 2106614 Morc1 ENSMUSG00000022652 0.970 chr17 87535000 87536000 2240396 Socs5 ENSMUSG00000037104 0.982 chr17 14106000 14107000 2167126 Gm7168 ENSMUSG00000067941 0.894 chr17 73266000 73267000 2226176 Ypel5 ENSMUSG00000039770 0.001 chr17 25014000 25015000 2178031 Hagh ENSMUSG00000024158 0.589 chr17 49153000 49154000 2202162 Lrfn2 ENSMUSG00000040490 0.654 chr17 24950000 24951000 2177967 Hs3st6 ENSMUSG00000039628 0.524 chr17 64898000 64899000 2217808 Pja2 ENSMUSG00000024083 0.519 chr17 27336000 27337000 2180353 Ip6k3 ENSMUSG00000024210 0.522 chr17 56616000 56617000 2209625 Ptprs ENSMUSG00000013236 0.588 chr17 87778000 87779000 2240639 Ttc7 ENSMUSG00000036918 0.621 chr17 8201000 8202000 2161321 Rsph3a ENSMUSG00000073471 0.658 chr17 29571000 29572000 2182588 Fgd2 ENSMUSG00000024013 0.985 chr17 71600000 71601000 2224510 Lpin2 ENSMUSG00000024052 0.215 chr17 25366000 25367000 2178383 Unkl ENSMUSG00000015127 0.655 chr17 40678000 40679000 2193695 Crisp1 ENSMUSG00000025431 0.781 chr17 76215000 76216000 2229076 Fam98a ENSMUSG00000002017 0.595 chr17 32967000 32968000 2185984 Zfp799 ENSMUSG00000059000 0.000 chr17 86656000 86657000 2239517 Prkce ENSMUSG00000045038 0.660 chr17 68263000 68264000 2221173 Lama1 ENSMUSG00000032796 0.587 chr17 32541000 32542000 2185558 Rasal3 ENSMUSG00000052142 0.968 chr17 86148000 86149000 2239009 Six2 ENSMUSG00000024134 0.645 chr17 86663000 86664000 2239524 Prkce ENSMUSG00000045038 0.986 chr17 27338000 27339000 2180355 Ip6k3 ENSMUSG00000024210 0.531 chr17 86702000 86703000 2239563 Prkce ENSMUSG00000045038 0.507 chr17 31418000 31419000 2184435 Rsph1 ENSMUSG00000024033 0.607 chr17 88122000 88123000 2240983 Msh2 ENSMUSG00000024151 0.968 chr17 69736000 69737000 2222646 Zfp161 ENSMUSG00000049672 0.970 chr17 86358000 86359000 2239219 Six2 ENSMUSG00000024134 0.361 chr17 87846000 87847000 2240707 Calm2 ENSMUSG00000036438 0.002 chr17 29497000 29498000 2182514 Fgd2 ENSMUSG00000024013 0.035 chr17 28669000 28670000 2181686 ENSMUSG00000024223 0.601 chr17 8453000 8454000 2161573 Ccr6 ENSMUSG00000040899 0.530 chr17 15929000 15930000 2168949 Chd1 ENSMUSG00000023852 0.893 chr17 43106000 43107000 2196123 Cd2ap ENSMUSG00000061665 0.659 chr17 6988000 6989000 2160163 Ezr ENSMUSG00000052397 0.510 chr18 6345000 6346000 2251479 ENSMUSG00000073640 0.981 chr18 64653000 64654000 2309787 Fech ENSMUSG00000024588 0.592 chr18 7719000 7720000 2252853 Mpp7 ENSMUSG00000057440 0.493 chr18 82658000 82659000 2327623 Mbp ENSMUSG00000041607 0.608 chr18 56728000 56729000 2301862 Aldh7a1 ENSMUSG00000053644 0.184 chr18 57189000 57190000 2302323 ENSMUSG00000024592 0.498 chr18 66564000 66565000 2311698 Ccbe1 ENSMUSG00000046318 0.132 chr18 81827000 81828000 2326824 Sall3 ENSMUSG00000024565 0.989 chr18 24166000 24167000 2269300 Zfp35 ENSMUSG00000063281 0.992 chr18 37646000 37647000 2282780 Pcdhb17 ENSMUSG00000046387 0.620 chr18 53553000 53554000 2298687 Snx24 ENSMUSG00000024535 0.968 chr18 67296000 67297000 2312430 Gnal ENSMUSG00000024524 0.657 chr18 39029000 39030000 2284163 Fgf1 ENSMUSG00000036585 0.781 chr18 11424000 11425000 2256558 Gata6 ENSMUSG00000005836 0.795 chr18 46970000 46971000 2292104 Ap3s1 ENSMUSG00000024480 0.969 chr18 62149000 62150000 2307283 Sh3tc2 ENSMUSG00000045629 0.980 chr18 56754000 56755000 2301888 ENSMUSG00000032900 0.642 chr18 78134000 78135000 2323131 Pstpip2 ENSMUSG00000025429 0.178 chr18 36124000 36125000 2281258 Psd2 ENSMUSG00000024347 0.035 chr18 9472000 9473000 2254606 Ccny ENSMUSG00000024286 0.972 chr18 11169000 11170000 2256303 Gata6 ENSMUSG00000005836 0.558 chr18 77108000 77109000 2322112 Smad2 ENSMUSG00000024563 0.660 chr18 56618000 56619000 2301752 Gramd3 ENSMUSG00000001700 0.384 chr18 66627000 66628000 2311761 Pmaip1 ENSMUSG00000024521 0.603 chr18 12706000 12707000 2257840 Lama3 ENSMUSG00000024421 0.887 chr18 11905000 11906000 2257039 Rbbp8 ENSMUSG00000041238 0.969 chr18 67438000 67439000 2312572 Mppe1 ENSMUSG00000062526 0.202 chr18 10324000 10325000 2255458 Rock1 ENSMUSG00000024290 0.487 chr18 70663000 70664000 2315797 Stard6 ENSMUSG00000079608 0.582 chr18 13223000 13224000 2258357 Hrh4 ENSMUSG00000037346 0.490 chr18 80559000 80560000 2325556 Kcng2 ENSMUSG00000059852 0.036 chr18 57380000 57381000 2302514 Megf10 ENSMUSG00000024593 0.978 chr18 37424000 37425000 2282558 Pcdhb1 ENSMUSG00000051663 0.132 chr18 12631000 12632000 2257765 Lama3 ENSMUSG00000024421 0.664 chr18 61534000 61535000 2306668 ENSMUSG00000069367 0.992 chr19 32517000 32518000 2365055 Sgms1 ENSMUSG00000040451 0.978 chr19 19316000 19317000 2351854 Rorb ENSMUSG00000036192 0.780 chr19 28813000 28814000 2361351 Glis3 ENSMUSG00000052942 0.780 chr19 26228000 26229000 2358766 Dmrt2 ENSMUSG00000048138 0.609 chr19 53632000 53633000 2386170 Dusp5 ENSMUSG00000034765 0.255 chr19 53728000 53729000 2386266 Smc3 ENSMUSG00000024974 0.593 chr19 53403000 53404000 2385941 Mxi1 ENSMUSG00000025025 0.001 chr19 30525000 30526000 2363063 Mbl2 ENSMUSG00000024863 0.659 chr19 47520000 47521000 2380058 Gm5098 ENSMUSG00000078104 0.551 chr19 53067000 53068000 2385605 Ins1 ENSMUSG00000035804 0.522 chr19 53914000 53915000 2386452 Rbm20 ENSMUSG00000043639 0.974 chr19 18952000 18953000 2351490 Trpm6 ENSMUSG00000024727 0.642 chr19 8912000 89130002 341450 Hnmpul2 ENSMUSG00000071659 0.061 chr19 45107000 45108000 2377645 Pdzd7 ENSMUSG00000074818 0.652 chr19 41372000 41373000 2373910 Tm9sf3 ENSMUSG00000025016 1.000 chr19 25488000 25489000 2358026 Kank1 ENSMUSG00000032702 0.571 chr19 58750000 58751000 2391288 Pnlip ENSMUSG00000046008 0.974 chr19 53756000 53757000 2386294 Rbm20 ENSMUSG00000043639 0.339 chr19 46835000 46836000 2379373 As3mt ENSMUSG00000003559 0.000 chr19 55585000 55586000 2388123 Vti1a ENSMUSG00000024983 0.974 chr19 17507000 17508000 2350045 Rfk ENSMUSG00000024712 0.978 chr19 10366000 10367000 2342904 Gm98 ENSMUSG00000036098 0.482 chr19 55149000 55150000 2387687 Adra2a ENSMUSG00000033717 0.970 chr19 47857000 47858000 2380395 ENSMUSG00000044948 0.593 chr19 36132000 36133000 2368670 Htr7 ENSMUSG00000024798 0.130 chr19 41675000 41676000 2374213 AI606181 ENSMUSG00000074873 0.570 chr19 30565000 30566000 2363103 Mbl2 ENSMUSG00000024863 0.211 chr19 9018000 9019000 2341556 ENSMUSG00000072030 0.089 chr19 45891000 45892000 2378429 Kcnip2 ENSMUSG00000025221 0.565 chr19 16673000 16674000 2349211 Gna14 ENSMUSG00000024697 0.403 chr19 53895000 53896000 2386433 Rbm20 ENSMUSG00000043639 0.617 chr19 46545000 46546000 2379083 Sufu ENSMUSG00000025231 0.664 chr19 37765000 37766000 2370303 Cyp26c1 ENSMUSG00000062432 0.535 chr19 46399000 46400000 2378937 Psd ENSMUSG00000037126 0.600 chr19 33836000 33837000 2366374 AI747699 ENSMUSG00000024766 0.077 chrX 49967000 49968000 2439805 Gpc3 ENSMUSG00000055653 0.030 chrX 78812000 78813000 2468491 ENSMUSG00000060673 0.590 chrX 6577000 6578000 2397159 Dgkk ENSMUSG00000062393 0.893 chrX 35994000 35995000 2425832 C1galt1c1 ENSMUSG00000048970 0.584 chrX 87250000 87251000 2476929 ENSMUSG00000035387 0.660 chrX 72445000 72446000 2462124 ENSMUSG00000073094 0.893 chrX 96789000 96790000 2486468 Pja1 ENSMUSG00000034403 0.104 chrX 73119000 73120000 2462798 Pls3 ENSMUSG00000016382 0.160 chrX 46065000 46066000 2435903 Rbmx2 ENSMUSG00000031107 0.971 chrX 83469000 83470000 2473148 Nr0b1 ENSMUSG00000025056 0.920 chrX 153966000 153967000 2543397 Sms ENSMUSG00000071708 0.617 chrX 7721000 7722000 2398303 Wdr13 ENSMUSG00000031166 0.420 chrX 45948000 45949000 2435786 Zfp280c ENSMUSG00000036916 0.571 chrX 71527000 71528000 2461206 Dnase111 ENSMUSG00000019088 0.000 chrX 50266000 50267000 2440104 Phf6 ENSMUSG00000025626 0.000 chrX 35838000 35839000 2425676 Lamp2 ENSMUSG00000016534 0.561 chrX 159421000 159422000 2548852 Ctps2 ENSMUSG00000031360 0.972 chrX 35953000 35954000 2425791 Mcts1 ENSMUSG00000000355 0.001 chrX 39260000 39261000 2429098 ENSMUSG00000081918 0.980 chrX 7650000 7651000 2398232 ENSMUSG00000082572 0.000 chrX 37253000 37254000 2427091 Cypt14 ENSMUSG00000079618 0.780 chrX 49033000 49034000 2438871 ENSMUSG00000082968 0.031 chrX 11069000 11070000 2401651 Gm4906 ENSMUSG00000069038 0.185 chrX 48194000 48195000 2438032 ENSMUSG00000031112 0.002 chrX 54306000 54307000 2443994 Htatsf1 ENSMUSG00000067873 0.002 chrX 7459000 7460000 2398041 Pim2 ENSMUSG00000031155 0.972 chrX 68810000 68811000 2458489 Hmgb3 ENSMUSG00000015217 0.043 chrX 6356000 6357000 2396988 Dgkk ENSMUSG00000062393 0.043 chrX 136406000 136407000 2525887 Morc4 ENSMUSG00000031434 0.037 chrX 133634000 133635000 2523115 ENSMUSG00000080718 0.083 chrX 12410000 12411000 2402992 Med14 ENSMUSG00000064127 0.344 chrX 91367000 91368000 2481046 ENSMUSG00000081055 0.117 chrX 97016000 97017000 2486695 Tmem28 ENSMUSG00000071719 0.069 chrX 46847000 46848000 2436685 ENSMUSG00000036198 0.069 chrX 39421000 39422000 2429259 Xiap ENSMUSG00000025860 0.031 chrY 293000 294000 2556276 Kdm5d ENSMUSG00000056673 0.826 chrY 325000 326000 2556308 Kdm5d ENSMUSG00000056673 0.784 chrY 334000 335000 2556317 ENSMUSG00000075874 0.851 chrY 335000 336000 2556318 ENSMUSG00000075874 0.778 chrY 456000 457000 2556439 Eif2s3y ENSMUSG00000069049 0.818 chrY 699000 700000 2556682 ENSMUSG00000077793 0.959 chrY 817000 818000 2556800 Usp9y ENSMUSG00000069044 0.767 chrY 818000 819000 2556801 Usp9y ENSMUSG00000069044 0.878 chrY 917000 918000 2556900 Usp9y ENSMUSG00000069044 0.626 chrY 936000 937000 2556919 Usp9y ENSMUSG00000069044 0.940 chrY 948000 949000 2556931 Usp9y ENSMUSG00000069044 0.820 chrY 956000 957000 2556939 Usp9y ENSMUSG00000069044 0.870 chrY 961000 962000 2556944 Usp9y ENSMUSG00000069044 0.859 chrY 1109000 1110000 2557092 Usp9y ENSMUSG00000069044 0.870 chrY 1126000 1127000 2557109 Usp9y ENSMUSG00000069044 0.915 chrY 1146000 1147000 2557129 Usp9y ENSMUSG00000069044 0.925 chrY 1156000 1157000 2557139 Usp9y ENSMUSG00000069044 0.725 chrY 1310000 1311000 2557293 Usp9y ENSMUSG00000069044 0.910 chrY 1420000 1421000 2557403 Usp9y ENSMUSG00000069044 0.910 chrY 1454000 1455000 2557437 Zfy2 ENSMUSG00000000103 0.945 chrY 1460000 1461000 2557443 Zfy2 ENSMUSG00000000103 0.785 chrY 1464000 1465000 2557447 Zfy2 ENSMUSG00000000103 0.865 chrY 1537000 1538000 2557520 Zfy2 ENSMUSG00000000103 0.850 chrY 1617000 1618000 2557600 Zfy2 ENSMUSG00000000103 0.905 chrY 1618000 1619000 2557601 Zfy2 ENSMUSG00000000103 0.870 chrY 1664000 1665000 2557647 Zfy2 ENSMUSG00000000103 0.830 chrY 1779000 1780000 2557762 Zfy2 ENSMUSG00000000103 0.865 chrY 1801000 1802000 2557784 Zfy2 ENSMUSG00000000103 0.945 chrY 1839000 1840000 2557822 Zfy2 ENSMUSG00000000103 0.900 chrY 1840000 1841000 2557823 Zfy2 ENSMUSG00000000103 0.910 chrY 1858000 1859000 2557841 Zfy2 ENSMUSG00000000103 0.920 chrY 1875000 1876000 2557858 Zfy2 ENSMUSG00000000103 0.875 chrY 1973000 1974000 2557956 Sry ENSMUSG00000069036 0.915 chrY 2016000 2017000 2557999 Sry ENSMUSG00000069036 0.835 chrY 2035000 2036000 2558018 Sry ENSMUSG00000069036 0.935

Induced hematopoietic stem cells are made by the hand of man by, e.g., modifying the gene expression of at least one of the factors disclosed herein of a somatic cell, a pluripotent cell, a progenitor cell or a stem cell, or by exposing any one of these cell types to at least one protein or RNA that produces at least one protein as disclosed herein. The cells can further be made by exposing them to small molecules that turn on at least one of the factors disclosed herein. In some aspects at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, or eight factors are used to make the induced hematopoietic stem cells.

The induced hematopoietic stem cells as described herein differ from naturally occurring hematopoietic stem cells by both their posttranslational modification signatures and their gene expression signatures. These differences are passed along to their progeny. Therefore, also their progeny, whether clonal or differentiated, differs from the naturally occurring differentiated cells.

Induced hematopoietic stem cell as it is defined in some aspects of all the embodiments of the invention comprise, consist essentially of or consist of cells that are functionally capable of copying themselves as well as differentiating into various cells of hematopoietic lineage. In other words, they can be defined as having multilineage potential.

Induced hematopoietic stem cell is also defined as comprising a gene expression signature that differs from naturally occurring hematopoietic stem cells. One can experimentally show the difference by comparing the gene expression pattern of a naturally occurring hematopoietic stem cell to that of the induced hematopoietic stem cells. For example, the gene expression signature can differ in regard to the genes as shown in Tables 2 or 3. Therefore, in some aspects of all the embodiments of the invention, the induced hematopoietic stem cells comprise an expression signature that is about 1-5%, 5-10%, 5-15%, or 5-20% different from the expression signature of about 1-5%, 2-5%, 3-5%, up to 50%, up to 40%, up to 30%, up to 25%, up to 20%, up to 15%, or up to 10% of the genes of Tables 2 or 3.

Induced hematopoietic stem cell is further defined as comprising a posttranslational modification signature that differs from naturally occurring hematopoietic stem cells. In some embodiments, the posttranslational modification is methylation. For example, the methylation pattern of the induced hematopoietic stem cells is in some aspects about 1-5%, in some aspects 1-10%, in some aspects 5-10% different from the methylation pattern at about 1-5%, 1-10%, 5-10%, up to 50%, up to 40%, up to 30%, up to 25%, up to 20%, up to 15%, or up to 10% of the methylation sites shown in Table 4. In some aspects, the amount of methylation in the iHSC differs from the isolated or endogenous HSCs by no more than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% or no more than 5%, for example as compared to the amount of methylation in the example loci listed in Table 4. Other methylation sites can naturally be used as well in any comparison for differentiating the iHSCs from HSCs.

It should be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular methodology, protocols, and reagents, etc., described herein and as such may vary. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined solely by the claims.

As used herein and in the claims, the singular forms include the plural reference and vice versa unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “or” is inclusive unless modified, for example, by “either.” Other than in the operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients or reaction conditions used herein should be understood as modified in all instances by the term “about.”

All patents and other publications identified are expressly incorporated herein by reference for the purpose of describing and disclosing, for example, the methodologies described in such publications that might be used in connection with the present invention. These publications are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing in this regard should be construed as an admission that the inventors are not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention or for any other reason. All statements as to the date or representation as to the contents of these documents is based on the information available to the applicants and does not constitute any admission as to the correctness of the dates or contents of these documents.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Although any known methods, devices, and materials may be used in the practice or testing of the invention, the methods, devices, and materials in this regard are described herein.

Some embodiments of the invention are listed in the following paragraphs:

-   -   1. A hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition         comprising one or more expression vectors encoding at least one,         two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more HSC inducing         factors selected from: CDKN1C, DNMT3B, EGR1, ETV6, EVI1, GATA2,         GFI1B, GLIS2, HLF, HMGA2, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXB3, HOXB4, HOXB5,         IGF2BP2, IKZF2, KLF12, KLF4, KLF9, LMO2, MEIS1, MSI2, MYCN,         NAP1L3, NDN, NFIX, NKX2-3, NR3C2, PBX1, PRDM16, PRDM5, RARB,         RBBP6, RBPMS, RUNX1, RUNX1T1, SMAD6, TAL1, TCF15, VDR, ZFP37,         ZFP467, ZFP521, ZFP532, and ZFP612.     -   2. The HSC inducing composition of paragraph 1, wherein the at         least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are         HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3,         MEIS1, and RBPMS.     -   3. The HSC inducing composition of paragraph 1, wherein the at         least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are         HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, LMO2, and PRDM5.     -   4. A hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition         comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:         -   a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;         -   b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1;         -   c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;         -   d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1;         -   e. a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and         -   f. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5.     -   5. The HSC inducing composition of paragraph 4, further         comprising one or more of:         -   a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16;         -   b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and         -   c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding VDR.     -   6. A hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition         comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:         -   a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;         -   b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1;         -   c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1;         -   d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2;         -   e. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5         -   f. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;         -   g. a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN;         -   h. a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2;         -   i. a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3;         -   j. a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1; and         -   k. a nucleic acid sequence encoding RBPMS.     -   7. A hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition         comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:         -   a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467;         -   b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1;         -   c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; and         -   d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2.     -   8. The HSC inducing composition of paragraph 7, further         comprising one or more of:         -   a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;         -   b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2;         -   c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16; and         -   d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37.     -   9. A hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition         comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:         -   a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN;         -   b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2;         -   c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3; and         -   d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1.     -   10. The HSC inducing composition of paragraph 9, further         comprising one or more of:         -   a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB5;         -   b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;         -   c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467;         -   d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB3;         -   e. a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2;         -   f. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1;         -   g. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; and         -   h. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP521.     -   11. A hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition         comprising one or more expression vectors composition         comprising:         -   a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4;         -   b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1;         -   c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2;         -   d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and         -   e. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP521.     -   12. The HSC inducing composition of paragraph 11, further         comprising one or more of:         -   a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12;         -   b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF; and         -   c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding EGR1.     -   13. A hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition         comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:         -   a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1;         -   b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding RBPMS;         -   c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;         -   d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; and         -   e. a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2.     -   14. The HSC inducing composition of paragraph 13, further         comprising one or more of:         -   a. a sequence encoding KLF12; and         -   b. a sequence encoding HLF;     -   15. A hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition         comprising one or more expression vectors comprising:         -   a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37;         -   b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4;         -   c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and         -   d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF.     -   16. The HSC inducing composition of paragraph 15, further         comprising one or more of:         -   a. a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN;         -   b. a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467;         -   c. a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3         -   d. a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; and         -   e. a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF4.     -   17. The HSC inducing compositions of any one of paragraphs 4-16,         wherein the one or more expression vectors are retroviral         vectors.     -   18. The HSC inducing compositions of any one of paragraphs 4-16,         wherein the one or more expression vectors are lentiviral         vectors.

19. The HSC inducing composition of paragraph 18, wherein the lentiviral vectors are inducible lentiviral vectors.

-   -   20. A method for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell         (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:         -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors             comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic             acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a nucleic acid sequence             encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a             nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and a nucleic acid             sequence encoding PRDM5, wherein each said nucleic acid             sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and         -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media             that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby             preparing an iHSC.     -   21. The method of paragraph 20, wherein the transducing of         step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or         more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16 a nucleic acid         sequence encoding ZFP467; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding         VDR.     -   22. A method for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell         (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:         -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors             comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic             acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a nucleic acid sequence             encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a             nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5; a nucleic acid             sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding             MYCN; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2; a nucleic acid             sequence encoding NKX2-3; a nucleic acid sequence encoding             MEIS1; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding RBPMS; wherein             each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a             promoter; and         -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media             that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby             preparing an iHSC.     -   23. A method for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell         (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:         -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors             comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467, a             nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence             encoding HOXB4; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2;             wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked             to a promoter; and         -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media             that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby             preparing an iHSC.     -   24. The method of paragraph 23, wherein the transducing of         step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or         more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid         sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16;         and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37.     -   25. A method for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell         (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:         -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors             comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic             acid sequence encoding MSI2, a nucleic acid sequence             encoding NKX2-3; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding             RUNX1T1; wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably             linked to a promoter; and         -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media             that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby             preparing an iHSC.     -   26. The method of paragraph 25, wherein the transducing of         step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or         more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB5; a nucleic acid         sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467;         a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB3; a nucleic acid sequence         encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic         acid sequence encoding ZFP37; and a nucleic acid sequence         encoding ZFP521.     -   27. A method for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell         (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:         -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors             comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic             acid sequence encoding PBX1, a nucleic acid sequence             encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and             a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP521; wherein each said             nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and         -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media             that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby             preparing an iHSC.     -   28. The method of paragraph 27, wherein the transducing of         step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or         more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12; a nucleic acid         sequence encoding HLF; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding         EGR1.     -   29. A method for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell         (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:         -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors             comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1; a nucleic             acid sequence encoding RBPMS; a nucleic acid sequence             encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1;             and a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; wherein each said             nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and         -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media             that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby             preparing an iHSC.     -   30. The method of paragraph 29, wherein the transducing of         step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or         more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12; and a nucleic         acid sequence encoding HLF.     -   31. A method for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell         (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:         -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors             comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic             acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic acid sequence             encoding LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;             wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked             to a promoter; and         -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media             that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby             preparing an iHSC.     -   32. The method of paragraph 31, wherein the transducing of         step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or         more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12; and a nucleic         acid sequence encoding HLF.     -   33. A method for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell         (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising:         -   a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors             comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic             acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic acid sequence             encoding LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF;             wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked             to a promoter; and         -   b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media             that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby             preparing an iHSC.     -   34. The method of paragraph 33, wherein the transducing of         step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or         more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic acid         sequence encoding ZFP467; a nucleic acid sequence encoding         NKX2-3; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; and a nucleic         acid sequence encoding KLF4.     -   35. The method of any one of paragraphs 20-34, wherein the         somatic cell is a fibroblast cell.     -   36. The method of any one of paragraphs 20-34, wherein the         somatic cell is a hematopoietic lineage cell.     -   37. The method of paragraph 36, wherein the hematopoietic         lineage cell is selected from promyelocytes, neutrophils,         eosinophils, basophils, reticulocytes, erythrocytes, mast cells,         osteoclasts, megakaryoblasts, platelet producing megakaryocytes,         platelets, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes,         NK cells, NKT cells, innate lymphocytes, multipotent         hematopoietic progenitor cells, oligopotent hematopoietic         progenitor cells, and lineage restricted hematopoietic         progenitors.     -   38. The method of paragraph 36, wherein the hematopoietic         lineage cell is selected from a multi-potent progenitor cell         (MPP), common myeloid progenitor cell (CMP),         granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells (GMP), common lymphoid         progenitor cell (CLP), and pre-megakaryocyte-erythrocyte         progenitor cell.     -   39. The method of paragraph 36, wherein the hematopoietic         lineage cell is selected from a megakaryocyte-erythrocyte         progenitor cell (MEP), a ProB cell, a PreB cell, a PreProB cell,         a ProT cell, a double-negative T cell, a pro-NK cell, a         pro-dendritic cell (pro-DC), pre-granulocyte/macrophage cell, a         granulocyte/macrophage progenitor (GMP) cell, and a pro-mast         cell (ProMC).     -   40. A method of promoting transdifferentiation of a ProPreB cell         to the myeloid lineage comprising:         -   a. transducing a ProPreB cell with one or more vectors             comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467, a             nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence             encoding HOXB4; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2;             wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked             to a promoter; and         -   b. culturing the transduced ProPreB cell in a cell media             that supports growth of myeloid lineage cells, thereby             transdifferentiating the ProPreB cell to the myeloid             lineage.     -   41. The method of paragraph 40, wherein the transducing of         step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or         more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid         sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16;         and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37.     -   42. A method of increasing survival and/or proliferation of         ProPreB cells, comprising:         -   a. transducing a ProPreB cell with one or more vectors             comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; a nucleic             acid sequence encoding PBX1, a nucleic acid sequence             encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and             a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP521; wherein each said             nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and         -   b. culturing the transduced ProPreB cell in a cell media             that supports growth of ProPreB cells, thereby increasing             survival and/or proliferation of ProPreB cells.     -   43. The method of paragraph 42, wherein the transducing of         step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or         more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding KLF12; a nucleic acid         sequence encoding HLF; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding         EGR1.     -   44. An isolated induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) produced         by the method of any one of paragraphs 20-39.     -   45. A cell clone comprising a plurality of the induced         hematopoietic stem cells (iHSCs) of paragraph 44.     -   46. The cell clone of paragraph 45, further comprising a         pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.     -   47. A kit for making induced hematopoietic stem cells (iHSCs)         comprising the HSC inducing compositions comprising one or more         expression vector components of any one of paragraphs 1-19.     -   48. An induced pluripotent stem cell.     -   49. An induced hematopoietic stem cell induced by contacting a         somatic cell, a pluripotent cell, a progenitor cell or a stem         cell with at least one of the factors selected from the group         consisting of nucleic acid encoding a gene encoding CDKN1C,         DNMT3B, EGR1, ETV6, EVI1, GATA2, GFI1B, GLIS2, HLF, HMGA2,         HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXB3, HOXB4, HOXB5, IGF2BP2, IKZF2, KLF12, KLF4,         KLF9, LMO2, MEIS1, MSI2, MYCN, NAP1L3, NDN, NFIX, NKX2-3, NR3C2,         PBX1, PRDM16, PRDM5, RARB, RBBP6, RBPMS, RUNX1, RUNX1T1, SMAD6,         TAL1, TCF15, VDR, ZFP37, ZFP467, ZFP521, ZFP532, and ZFP612 or a         protein encoded by such gene.     -   50. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of paragraph 49, wherein         the at least one factor is selected from the group consisting of         HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3,         MEIS1, and RBPMS.     -   51. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of paragraph 49, wherein         the at least one factor is selected from the group consisting of         HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, LMO2, and PRDM5.     -   52. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of any of paragraphs         49-51, wherein the somatic cell, the pluripotent cell, the         progenitor cell or the stem cell is contacted with at least two         of the factors.     -   53. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of any of paragraphs         49-51, wherein the somatic cell, the pluripotent cell, the         progenitor cell or the stem cell is contacted with at least         three of the factors.     -   54. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of any of paragraphs         49-51, wherein the somatic cell, the pluripotent cell, the         progenitor cell or the stem cell is contacted with at least         three of the factors.     -   55. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of any of paragraphs         49-51, wherein the somatic cell, the pluripotent cell, the         progenitor cell or the stem cell is contacted with at least four         of the factors.     -   56. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of any of paragraphs         49-51, wherein the somatic cell, the pluripotent cell, the         progenitor cell or the stem cell is contacted with at least five         of the factors.     -   57. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of any of paragraphs         49-51, wherein the somatic cell, the pluripotent cell, the         progenitor cell or the stem cell is contacted with at least six         of the factors.     -   58. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of any of paragraphs         49-51, wherein the somatic cell, the pluripotent cell, the         progenitor cell or the stem cell is contacted with at least         seven of the factors.     -   59. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of any of paragraphs         49-51, wherein the somatic cell, the pluripotent cell, the         progenitor cell or the stem cell is contacted with at least         eight of the factors.     -   60. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of any of paragraphs         49-59, comprising at least one vector.     -   61. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of paragraph 60, wherein         the vector is integrated in the genome of the stem cell.     -   62. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of any of paragraphs         49-61, wherein the somatic cell is a fibroblast cell.     -   63. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of any of paragraphs         49-61, wherein the somatic cell is a hematopoietic lineage cell.     -   64. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of paragraph 63, wherein         the hematopoietic lineage cell is selected from promyelocytes,         neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, reticulocytes,         erythrocytes, mast cells, osteoclasts, megakaryoblasts, platelet         producing megakaryocytes, platelets, monocytes, macrophages,         dendritic cells, lymphocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, innate         lymphocytes, multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells,         oligopotent hematopoietic progenitor cells, and lineage         restricted hematopoietic progenitors.     -   65. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of paragraph 63, wherein         the hematopoietic lineage cell is selected from a multi-potent         progenitor cell (MPP), common myeloid progenitor cell (CMP),         granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells (GMP), common lymphoid         progenitor cell (CLP), and pre-megakaryocyte-erythrocyte         progenitor cell.     -   66. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of paragraph 63, wherein         the hematopoietic lineage cell is selected from a         megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor cell (MEP), a ProB cell, a         PreB cell, a PreProB cell, a ProT cell, a double-negative T         cell, a pro-NK cell, a pro-dendritic cell (pro-DC),         pre-granulocyte/macrophage cell, a granulocyte/macrophage         progenitor (GMP) cell, and a pro-mast cell (ProMC).     -   67. The induced hematopoietic cell of any of paragraphs 49-61,         wherein the stem cell is an embryonic stem cell or a progeny         thereof     -   68. The induced hematopoietic cell of any of paragraphs 49-61,         wherein the stem cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell or a         progeny thereof     -   69. An induced hematopoietic stem cell induced by increasing or         inducing in a somatic cell, a pluripotent cell, a progenitor         cell or a stem cell the expression of at least one of the         factors selected from the group consisting of nucleic acid         encoding a gene encoding CDKN1C, DNMT3B, EGR1, ETV6, EVI1,         GATA2, GFI1B, GLIS2, HLF, HMGA2, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXB3, HOXB4,         HOXB5, IGF2BP2, IKZF2, KLF12, KLF4, KLF9, LMO2, MEIS1, MSI2,         MYCN, NAP1L3, NDN, NFIX, NKX2-3, NR3C2, PBX1, PRDM16, PRDM5,         RARB, RBBP6, RBPMS, RUNX1, RUNX1T1, SMAD6, TAL1, TCF15, VDR,         ZFP37, ZFP467, ZFP521, ZFP532, and ZFP612.     -   70. The induced hematopoietic stem cell of paragraph 69, wherein         the increasing or inducing is performed by contacting the         somatic cell, the pluripotent cell, the progenitor cell or the         stem cell with at least one small molecule capable of increasing         or inducing the expression of at least one of the factors of         paragraph 69.     -   71. An induced hematopoietic stem cell made by any one of the         methods of paragraphs 20-43.     -   72. A clone or progeny of any of the induced hematopoietic stem         cells of paragraphs 48-71.     -   73. A differentiated progeny cell differentiated from any of the         induced hematopoietic stem cells of paragraphs 48-72.

74. A hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition comprising modified mRNA sequences encoding at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more HSC inducing factors selected from: CDKN1C, DNMT3B, EGR1, ETV6, EVI1, GATA2, GFI1B, GLIS2, HLF, HMGA2, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXB3, HOXB4, HOXB5, IGF2BP2, IKZF2, KLF12, KLF4, KLF9, LMO2, MEIS1, MSI2, MYCN, NAP1L3, NDN, NFIX, NKX2-3, NR3C2, PBX1, PRDM16, PRDM5, RARB, RBBP6, RBPMS, RUNX1, RUNX1T1, SMAD6, TAL1, TCF15, VDR, ZFP37, ZFP467, ZFP521, ZFP532, and ZFP612, wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof

-   -   75. The HSC inducing composition of paragraph 74, wherein the at         least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are         HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3,         MEIS1, and RBPMS.     -   76. The HSC inducing composition of paragraph 74, wherein the at         least one, two, three, four, or more HSC inducing factors are         HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, LMO2, and PRDM5     -   77. A hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition         comprising:         -   a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;         -   b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1;         -   c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37;         -   d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1;         -   e. a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; and         -   f. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM5;         -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is             a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA             sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof     -   78. The HSC inducing composition of paragraph 77, further         comprising one or more of:         -   a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM16;         -   b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467; and         -   c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding VDR;         -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is             a modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA             sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof     -   79. A hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition         comprising:         -   a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;         -   b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1;         -   c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1;         -   d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2;         -   e. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM5         -   f. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37;         -   g. a modified mRNA sequence encoding MYCN;         -   h. a modified mRNA sequence encoding MSI2;         -   i. a modified mRNA sequence encoding NKX2-3;         -   j. a modified mRNA sequence encoding MEIS1; and         -   k. a modified mRNA sequence encoding RBPMS;     -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof     -   80. A hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition         comprising:         -   a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467;         -   b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1;         -   c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB4; and         -   d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding MSI2;     -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof     -   81. The HSC inducing composition of paragraph 80, further         comprising one or more of:         -   a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;         -   b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2;         -   c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PRDM16; and         -   d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37.     -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof     -   82. A hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition         comprising:         -   a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding MYCN;         -   b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding MSI2;         -   c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding NKX2-3; and         -   d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1;     -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof     -   83. The HSC inducing composition of paragraph 82, further         comprising one or more of:         -   a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB5;         -   b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;         -   c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467;         -   d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB3;         -   e. a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2;         -   f. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1;         -   g. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37; and         -   h. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP521;     -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof     -   84. A hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition         comprising:         -   a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB4;         -   b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding PBX1;         -   c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2;         -   d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP467; and         -   e. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP521;     -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof     -   85. The HSC inducing composition of paragraph 84, further         comprising one or more of:         -   a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding KLF12;         -   b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF; and         -   c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding EGR;     -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof     -   86. A hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition         comprising:         -   a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding MEIS1;         -   b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding RBPMS;         -   c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37;         -   d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding RUNX1T1; and         -   e. a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2.     -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof     -   87. The HSC inducing composition of paragraph 86, further         comprising one or more of:         -   a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding KLF12; and         -   b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;     -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof     -   88. A hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition         comprising:         -   a. a modified mRNA sequence encoding ZFP37;         -   b. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HOXB4;         -   c. a modified mRNA sequence encoding LMO2; and         -   d. a modified mRNA sequence encoding HLF;     -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof     -   89. The HSC inducing composition of paragraph 88, further         comprising one or more of:         -   a. a modified mRNA encoding MYCN;         -   b. a modified mRNA encoding ZFP467;         -   c. a modified mRNA encoding NKX2-3         -   d. a modified mRNA encoding PBX1; and         -   e. a modified mRNA encoding KLF4;     -   wherein each cytosine of each said modified mRNA sequence is a         modified cytosine, each uracil of each said modified mRNA         sequence is a modified uracil, or a combination thereof     -   90. The HSC inducing compositions of any one of paragraphs         74-89, wherein the modified cytosine is 5-methylcytosine and the         modified uracil is pseudouracil.     -   91. The HSC inducing compositions of any one of paragraphs         74-90, wherein the modified mRNA sequences comprise one or more         nucleoside modifications selected from the group consisting of         pyridin-4-one ribonucleoside, 5-aza-uridine,         2-thio-5-aza-uridine, 2-thiouridine, 4-thio-pseudouridine,         2-thio-pseudouridine, 5-hydroxyuridine, 3-methyluridine,         5-carboxymethyl-uridine, 1-carboxymethyl-pseudouridine,         5-propynyl-uridine, 1-propynyl-pseudouridine,         5-taurinomethyluridine, 1-taurinomethyl-pseudouridine,         5-taurinomethyl-2-thio-uridine, 1-taurinomethyl-4-thio-uridine,         5-methyl-uridine, 1-methyl-pseudouridine,         4-thio-1-methyl-pseudouridine, 2-thio-1-methyl-pseudouridine,         1-methyl-1-deaza-pseudouridine,         2-thio-1-methyl-1-deaza-pseudouridine, dihydrouridine,         dihydropseudouridine, 2-thio-dihydrouridine,         2-thio-dihydropseudouridine, 2-methoxyuridine,         2-methoxy-4-thio-uridine, 4-methoxy-pseudouridine,         4-methoxy-2-thio-pseudouridine, 5-aza-cytidine,         pseudoisocytidine, 3-methyl-cytidine, N4-acetylcytidine,         5-formylcytidine, N4-methylcytidine, 5-hydroxymethylcytidine,         1-methyl-pseudoisocytidine, pyrrolo-cytidine,         pyrrolo-pseudoisocytidine, 2-thio-cytidine,         2-thio-5-methyl-cytidine, 4-thio-pseudoisocytidine,         4-thio-1-methyl-pseudoisocytidine,         4-thio-1-methyl-1-deaza-pseudoisocytidine,         1-methyl-1-deaza-pseudoisocytidine, zebularine,         5-aza-zebularine, 5-methyl-zebularine, 5-aza-2-thio-zebularine,         2-thio-zebularine, 2-methoxy-cytidine,         2-methoxy-5-methyl-cytidine, 4-methoxy-pseudoisocytidine,         4-methoxy-1-methyl-pseudoisocytidine, 2-aminopurine,         2,6-diaminopurine, 7-deaza-adenine, 7-deaza-8-aza-adenine,         7-deaza-2-aminopurine, 7-deaza-8-aza-2-aminopurine,         7-deaza-2,6-diaminopurine, 7-deaza-8-aza-2,6-diaminopurine,         1-methyladenosine, N6-methyladenosine, N6-isopentenyladenosine,         N6-(cis-hydroxyisopentenyl)adenosine,         2-methylthio-N6-(cis-hydroxyisopentenyl)adenosine,         N6-glycinylcarbamoyladenosine, N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine,         2-methylthio-N6-threonyl carbamoyladenosine,         N6,N6-dimethyladenosine, 7-methyladenine, 2-methylthio-adenine,         and 2-methoxy-adenine, inosine, 1-methyl-inosine, wyosine,         wybutosine, 7-deaza-guanosine, 7-deaza-8-aza-guanosine,         6-thio-guanosine, 6-thio-7-deaza-guanosine,         6-thio-7-deaza-8-aza-guanosine, 7-methyl-guanosine,         6-thio-7-methyl-guanosine, 7-methylinosine, 6-methoxy-guanosine,         1-methylguanosine, N2-methylguanosine, N2,N2-dimethylguanosine,         8-oxo-guanosine, 7-methyl-8-oxo-guanosine,         1-methyl-6-thio-guanosine, N2-methyl-6-thio-guanosine, and         N2,N2-dimethyl-6-thio-guanosine, and combinations thereof     -   92. A kit for making induced hematopoietic stem cells (iHSCs)         comprising the HSC inducing compositions comprising modified         mRNA sequence components of any one of paragraphs 74-91.

EXAMPLES

HSC reprogramming necessitates imparting both self-renewal potential and multi-lineage capacity onto otherwise non-self-renewing, lineage-restricted cells. Induced HSCs must also be able to interact with the stem cell niche in order to sustain productive hematopoiesis, and be able to regulate long periods of dormancy (quiescence) and yet retain the capacity to generate downstream progenitors when called into cycle. The approaches described herein permit transducing committed cells with cocktails of lentiviruses bearing multiple transcriptional factors and permit efficient combinatorial screening of thousands of combinations of these factors. Moreover, the in vivo transplantation approaches described herein, in which stem cell functional potential to be imparted onto downstream progenitors is screened, allows even rare reprogramming events to be identified due to the inherent self-selecting nature of the assay system: only cells reprogrammed to functional HSCs will be able to contribute to long-term multi-lineage reconstitution, whereas cells that are not reprogrammed will only contribute to transient reconstitution of specific lineages upon transplantation (depending upon which progenitor is used). It has been recognized that one of the challenges to reprogramming mature cells is that they are inherently stable. This is, however, not necessarily true of the populations we will first attempt to reprogram which include multi-potent, oligo-potent, and lineage-restricted progenitors in the process of differentiation. Moreover, progenitors that are developmentally proximal to HSCs are likely to be more epigenetically related and therefore more permissive to reprogramming to an induced stem cell fate. At the same time clinical translation of blood cell reprogramming to HSCs may benefit most from an ability to reprogram differentiated cell types that can be readily obtained from the peripheral blood of patients.

Identification of candidate genes that mediate HSC reprogramming necessitates a detailed knowledge not only of the gene expression profile of HSCs, but also of all downstream hematopoietic progenitor and effector cells. Towards this, we have undertaken a microarray expression profiling approach in which we compared expression profiles of highly purified HSCs to the majority of downstream cell types involved in hematopoietic differentiation (FIG. 1). Microarray analysis was performed as previously described. In total, 248 expression profiles from 40 populations were generated and compiled including unpublished and published data, in addition to datasets carefully curated from available databases (FIG. 1). All datasets were subjected to stringent quality control using the ArrayQualityMetrics package of R/Bioconductor, and data not meeting these standards were discarded. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of normalized data showed that lineal relationships and the hierarchical structure of the hematopoietic hierarchy could be recapitulated confirming the biological robustness of the data.

Although expression datasets of selected hematopoietic populations have been published, the dataset we have generated, and described herein, represents the most comprehensive database of the molecular attributes of hematopoiesis from stem cells through to effector cells available. Using this database we are readily able to identify genes specifically expressed in any hematopoietic cell type (FIG. 3). Analysis of such cell type-specific gene lists indicates that functionally important genes can be identified.

To clone HSC-enriched TFs, a cDNA library we generated from FACS purified HSCs is used, which allow cloning of splice variants that uniquely operate in HSCs. Consistent with this we have cloned splice variants for Nkx2-3, Msi2, Runx1, and Prdm16 and Zfp467 that are either minor variants, or have not been previously reported. To date, we have successfully cloned these TFs and confirmed their integrity by sequencing.

To test the viability of the approaches described herein for identifying HSC reprogramming factors, experiments were conducted in which progenitors were transduced with 22 individual TFs and evaluated by the phenotypic and functional assays detailed above. To show one example, enforced expression of HLF in MPPs (ckit⁺Sca1⁺lin⁻flk2⁺CD34⁺CD150⁻CD48⁺) or myeloid progenitors (ckit⁺Sca1⁻lin⁻CD150⁻CD48⁺) was able to endow a significant fraction of the transduced cells with a primitive CD150⁺lin⁻ surface phenotype (consistent with primitive stem/progenitor cells) over a time course of ex vivo culturing. After 30 days in culture in the presence of Dox, the cells were cytospun and stained, which revealed that the HLF-transduced cultures contained multiple cell types including megakaryocytes, macrophages, granulocytes and progenitor cells, whereas control cultures contained only macrophages. Functional evaluation in serial CFC assays showed that HLF conferred extensive self-renewal potential onto all progenitors tested. Examination of colony composition at each successive plating revealed that HLF expression led to diverse colony types including primitive CFU-GEMM. Importantly, withdrawal of Dox led to loss of both self-renewal and multi-lineage potential indicating that HLF (not insertional mutagenesis) was responsible for functional activity. Multiple independent experiments have confirmed these results. In vivo assays were then performed that demonstrated that HLF was able to endow long-term multi-lineage potential onto otherwise short-term reconstituting MPPs in transplantation assays.

FACS sorted progenitors from Rosa26-rtTA donors are transduced with cocktails of TF-bearing lentiviruses at multiplicities of infection intended to deliver multiple different viruses to individual cells. Assuming equivalence of viral titers, independence of infection, and viral titers sufficient for infecting 20% of the cells by each virus, we have calculated that to be reasonably confident of transducing each cell with at least 3 different viruses (3,276 permutations for 28 factor transductions) requires transduction of 4×10⁴ cells. This calculation does not take into account cells that are infected with more than 3 viruses, although cells transduced with more viruses can occur and may be required for reprogramming Since tens or even hundreds of thousands of downstream hematopoietic progenitors can readily be sorted from a single donor mouse, high numbers of cells can be transduced in order to maximize the chance that one or more cells is transduced with a combination of factors capable of re-establishing the stem cell state.

Different progenitor populations can be more or less amenable to reprogramming depending upon their epigenetic state and developmental proximity to HSCs. To account for this and to maximize our chances of success, FACS purified multi-potent, oligo-potent and lineage-restricted progenitors from all branches of the hematopoietic hierarchy including MPPflk2⁻, MPPflk2⁺, CLPs, Pro-B cells, Pro-T cells, CMPs, MEPs, and GMPs have been used in different experiments. Transduced progenitors (CD45.2) are transplanted into irradiated congenic (CD45.1) recipients along with a radio-protective dose of CD45.1 marrow cells to ensure survival of recipients. As noted, the lentiviral system being used is Dox-inducible, and doxycycline is administered to transplanted mice for a period of 1-4 weeks post-transplant as this should be long enough to reprogram even the most distal blood cells to HSCs. In contrast, reprogramming of blood cells to induced pluripotency takes 3 to 4 weeks.

Transplant recipients were evaluated at 4-week intervals for 24 weeks by peripheral blood analysis staining for donor-derived B-cells, T-cells and granulocytes/monocytes. Control transduced or unsuccessfully reprogrammed progenitor cells are expected to transiently reconstitute specific lineages, whereas cells successfully reprogrammed to an induced stem cell state are identified by their ability to support long-term multi-lineage reconstitution in primary recipients. In this way, the approaches described herein have a strong selection criteria for identifying reprogramming factors. Importantly, if the induced HSCs generated using the compositions and methods described herein function as endogenous HSCs do, then even the presence of a small number of induced HSCs should read out in this assay system as single HSCs can read out and be detected in transplantation assays. Thus, even if the efficiency of reprogramming is low, induced HSCs can still be identified.

To control for unintentional transplantation of contaminating HSCs from our progenitor sorts being identified as false positives, sorted progenitors were transduced with control virus and transplanted alongside test recipients. Definitive demonstration that downstream cells can be reprogrammed to HSCs can achieved when progenitors that have undergone V(D)J recombination such as Pro-B cells are used as the starting cell type, as described herein, since all blood cells derived from such induced HSCs will have, and can be screened for the recombined locus, and this can serve as a “bar code” for identifying iHSCs.

The in vivo strategies described herein are designed to screen the potential of thousands of combinations of TFs for the ability to affect reprogramming. However, since cells transfected with multiple viruses are being screened, additional steps are necessary to determine which TFs mediated activity in successful reprogramming experiments. To achieve this, donor-derived granulocytes from recipients exhibiting stable long-term multi-lineage reconstitution can be FACS sorted, DNA extracted, and TFs cloned out by factor specific PCR, as demonstrated herein. Granulocytes are used since they are short-lived and their continued production results from ongoing stem cell activity. Primer pairs for each TF have been designed and tested, as described herein.

Experiments were performed to determine the minimum complement of TFs required for reprogramming, as described herein. Removing individual TFs from subsequent transduction/transplantation experiments and then assaying for loss of reprogramming ability achieves this, as shown herein. Once a minimal set of TFs capable of reprogramming a given progenitor was determined, whether the same set of factors is also able to mediate reprogramming of different blood lineages can be tested, as described herein. Experiments have been carried out using different oligo-potent progenitor cells, and depending upon the success of these experiments, terminal effector blood cells including B-cells, T-cells, and monocyte/macrophages are tested.

A key issue related to all reprogramming studies is the efficiency with which reprogramming can be affected. To determine this, limited dilution transplantation experiments were performed with blood cells transduced with validated reprogramming factors. To do this effectively, a polycistronic lentivirus containing the core complement of reprogramming factors is constructed. Use of such a polycistronic virus is important to ensure that all cells are transduced with all factors thereby allowing an accurate determination of limit dilution frequency, and by extension, reprogramming efficiency. Primary purified HSCs are used as a control in these experiments.

In some embodiments of the compositions, methods, and kits described herein, the nucleic acid sequences encoding the HSC inducing factor(s), such as HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS, are introduced or delivered using one or more inducible lentiviral vectors. Control of expression of HSC inducing factors delivered using one or more inducible lentiviral vectors can be achieved, in some embodiments, by contacting a cell having at least one HSC inducing factor in an expression vector under the control of or operably linked to an inducible promoter, with a regulatory agent (e.g., doxycycline) or other inducing agent. When using some types of inducible lentiviral vectors, contacting such a cell with an inducing agent induces expression of the HSC inducing factors, while withdrawal of the regulatory agent inhibits expression. When using other types of inducible lentiviral vectors, the presence of the regulatory agent inhibits expression, while removal of the regulatory agent permits expression. As used herein, the term “induction of expression” refers to the expression of a gene, such as an HSC inducing factor encoded by an inducible viral vector, in the presence of an inducing agent, for example, or in the presence of one or more agents or factors that cause endogenous expression of the gene in a cell.

In some embodiments of the aspects described herein, a doxycycline (Dox) inducible lentiviral system is used. Unlike retroviruses, lentiviruses are able to transduce quiescent cells making them amenable for transducing a wider variety of hematopoietic cell types. For example, the pHAGE2 lentivirus system has been shown to transduce primary hematopoietic progenitor cells with high efficiency. This vector also carries a reporter cassette (IRES Zs-Green) that enables evaluation of viral transduction efficiencies and purification of transduced cells by FACS. The ability to inducibly turn off introduced transcription factors, as demonstrated herein, is important since the HSC-enriched expression pattern of these TFs indicates their continued enforced expression in induced HSCs can impair differentiation to all lineages. Having an inducible system also allows ascertainment of the stability of the reprogrammed state and assess the establishment and fidelity of HSC transcriptional programs and epigenetic marks once enforced expression of reprogramming factors is lifted.

As demonstrated herein, the use of polycistronic viral expression systems can increase the in vivo reprogramming efficiency of somatic cells to iHSCs. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the aspects described herein, a polycistronic lentiviral vector is used. In such embodiments, sequences encoding two or more of the HSC inducing factors described herein, are expressed from a single promoter, as a polycistronic transcript. Polycistronic expression vector systems use internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) elements to create multigene, or polycistronic, messages. IRES elements are able to bypass the ribosome scanning model of 5′-methylated Cap dependent translation and begin translation at internal sites (Pelletier and Sonenberg, 1988). IRES elements can be linked to heterologous open reading frames. Multiple open reading frames can be transcribed together, each separated by an IRES, thus creating polycistronic messages. By virtue of the IRES element, each open reading frame is accessible to ribosomes for efficient translation. Multiple genes can be efficiently expressed using a single promoter/enhancer to transcribe a single message. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,980,285; 5,925,565; 5,631,150; 5,707,828; 5,759,828; 5,888,783; 5,919,670; and 5,935,819; and Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Press (1989).

The experiments described herein indicate that the approaches described herein are a viable approach to affect HSC reprogramming. As described herein, purified MPPs (ckit+Sca1+lin−flk2+CD34+CD150−) transduced with control, or a pool of 17 different TF viruses were transplanted into irradiated congenic recipients. As expected, MPPs transduced with control virus gave rise to long-lived B- and T-cells but their myeloid lineage potential was quickly extinguished by 8 weeks post-transplant consistent with the fact that MPPs do not self-renew. MPPs transduced with the 17-factor cocktail however gave rise to long-term myeloid, B- and T-cell reconstitution in recipient mice, indicating successful reprogramming of these progenitors to an induced HSC fate. The fact that all transplant recipients in this experiment were multi-lineage reconstituted indicates that reprogramming was not a rare event.

To rigorously test multi-potency and self-renewal, induced HSCs are FACS purified from the bone marrow (BM) of primary transplant recipients 4 months post-transplant by stringent cell surface criteria, as described herein. These cells are serially transplanted at varying doses (10, 50, 250 cells) into secondary (2°) recipients (along with radio-protective BM cells), to gauge their functional potential in comparison to endogenous, unmanipulated HSCs. Peripheral blood analysis of recipients is performed at monthly intervals for 4 months to evaluate multi-potency and long-term-self renewal. In addition, 3° and 4° transplants can be performed to establish the absolute replicative capacity of induced HSCs. BM analysis 4 months post-transplant of 1° and 2° recipients is done to determine the extent to which induced HSCs reconstitute the primitive stem cell compartment. At the same time, donor-derived myeloid, thrombo-erythroid, and lymphoid progenitor compartments are quantified to evaluate the ability of induced HSCs to give rise to different progenitor compartments.

Single HSCs that are rigorously purified are able to reconstitute irradiated recipients at a frequency of about 40% of transplant recipients. To clonally evaluate induced HSCs, single reprogrammed HSCs are sorted from the BM of primary recipients and transplanted into irradiated secondary recipients along with radio-protective BM cells, as described herein. Peripheral blood analysis of donor-chimerism is done as described above to evaluate the functional capacity of individual clones. CFC activity in methylcellulose is also used to assess clonal ability of induced HSCs. Purified unmanipulated HSCs are used as controls in these assays.

To examine the fidelity of reprogramming at the molecular level, donor-derived induced HSCs can be FACS purified from the BM of recipient mice 4 months post-transplant, as described herein, and RNA extracted, and microarray analysis performed as described. Resulting data is normalized to our hematopoietic expression database and unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis is performed to determine the extent to which induced HSCs recapitulate the molecular signature of endogenous HSCs, as described herein. qRT-PCR analysis is performed to confirm the integrity of the microarray data as described.

Finally, stringent evaluation of reprogramming at the molecular level is best achieved by determining how faithfully epigenetic marks are re-established. To examine this, sorted induced HSCs and endogenous HSCs are subjected to genome-wide methylation analysis using reduced representation bi-sulfite deep sequencing, which provides nucleotide level resolution of CpG methylation status at genome scale.

As described herein, we have employed doxycycline to achieve relatively high levels of expression of individual TFs as measured by qRT-PCR, and reporter activity. However, successful reprogramming can require expression levels to be within a certain range. In consideration of this, doxycycline can be titered to achieve different levels of expression. Lentiviral integration can inadvertently activate genes contributing to reprogramming and in such a way confound interpretations regarding the reprogramming activity of introduced TFs. Subsequent validation experiments however can be designed to control for this.

An important consideration for the compositions and methods described herein is that induced HSCs must be capable of homing to and occupying a suitable niche to mediate long-term multi-lineage reconstitution. Transplanting transduced progenitors cells into lethally irradiated recipients can enable this homing, since irradiation acts, at least in part, to clear endogenous HSCs from their bone marrow niche facilitating occupancy by transplanted HSCs. Further, since HSCs have the ability to exit their niches, circulate, and then re-home to niches in the normal course of their biology, induced HSCs should be capable of homing to, and establishing residency in a productive niche. However, should induced HSCs fail to properly engraft within the bone marrow, alternative strategies of direct intra-femoral injection can be applied to directly deposit transduced progenitors into the bone marrow of irradiated recipients. Alternatively, co-transduction with Cxcr4, a critical HSC homing receptor can be used to facilitate proper homing of induced HSCs.

The inducible TF expression in the systems described herein require the presence of doxycycline (Dox) and the tet-transactivator, rtTA. Towards this, an rtTA lentivirus has been cloned that can be co-transduced with the TF containing viruses. We have also obtained a transgenic strain in which rtTA is constitutively expressed from the Rosa26 locus. Using cells isolated from these mice obviates the need for rtTA co-transduction. All viruses are titered using Jurkat cells. Experiments show that high titer viruses can be generated that routinely transduce purified hematopoietic progenitors with high efficiency (50-90%), and that the system is tightly Dox-inducible in vivo.

HSC inducing factors capable of reprogramming progenitors to an HSC state can be capable of introducing phenotypic properties of HSCs onto transduced progenitors through continued enforced expression. To evaluate this, TF-transduced progenitors were monitored for markers associated with HSCs by flow cytometry during ex vivo culturing. Experiments can first be conducted using single TF-transductions, followed by experiments in which TFs are co-transduced. For these experiments FACS purified progenitors are transduced for 2 days with virus followed by resorting the transduced cells (Zs-Green positive). 200-500 cells are seeded into wells for culturing in an HSC supportive media. Flow cytometry is performed at weekly intervals for a month Immunostaining of cells can be performed with antibodies for CD150, and lineage markers (cocktail of antibodies against differentiated cells) since these have been shown to be reliable for HSC identification under diverse conditions. Transcription factors scoring positively with these markers can be examined using additional HSC markers including Sca1, CD48, CD105 and CD20127. On day 30, cultures are cytospinned, stained (May-Grunwald), and cell types scored.

Depending upon which starting cell is being reprogrammed, in some embodiments, it can be required to knockdown lineage specific factors to convert downstream progenitors back to an induced HSC fate, such as, for example when using B-lineage committed cells.

TABLE 5 Primer Sequences Used For Reverse Cloning of HSC Inducing Factors SEQ ID SEQ ID Factor 5′ Primer NO: 3′ Primer NO: Size Hoxb5 CCTGTCCTCGCCCGAGTCCCT 94 CGTCGCCGCCGGGTCAGG 131 465 GCC TAGCGATTG Rarb CTCGTCCCGAGCCCACCATC 95 GCAAAGGTGAACACAAG 132 696 TCCACTTCCTCC GTCAGTCAGAGG Ndn CAACAACCGTATGCCCATGA 96 CATCCTCTTCTGGTCCTTC 133 275 CAGG ACCAAC Evi1 GGAGGTGGGATGGAGGGAA 97 CAATTTCATCGGGAACAG 134 313 TCCTTG CAACCATG Nap1l3 GGGAAATTGAAGTCCAGCCA 98 CTGCACCCGATTTCTTACG 135 1000 AGAGTG GCTTG Mycn CCCGGTGAACAAGCGAGAGT 99 GTTGACGCTCCAGGATGT 136 385 CGGCGTC TGTGGTTG Meis1 GCATGGGTTCCTCGGTCAAT 100 GTCCTTATCAGGGTCATC 137 622 GACG ATCGTC Hlf GCGCCCTCGGTCATGGATCT 101 CCATGTTGTTCTTTCTGCG 138 354 CAGC CCTCGCCC Rbpms GACCCTATTTGTCAGCGGTC 102 GAAAGCGGCAGGAGGAG 139 432 TGCCTC GAAGAGC Msi2 CTCCAGAGGCTTCGGTTTCG 103 CTGCCATAGGTTGCCACA 140 503 TCAC AAGTTG Irf6 GTGGAGACCGGAAAGTACCA 104 GTTTGCCCATACTCCTTCC 141 535 GGAAGG CACGATAC Prdm16 GGAGGCCGACTTTGGATGGG 105 CTTCTCGTTGGTGATATGC 142 510 AGCAG TCTGGACCTG Zfp467 GGATGGGTTCAGTAATGCCC 106 CCACCCGGACAGCGCGAT 143 375 AGGAGAAG TCCACC Zfp37 CAGGTTTAGATGGAGTACGG 107 GCAAGGCCCAAGACAGCA 144 506 CAGTGTG GGAACAAG Vdr CATCACCAAGGACAACCGGC 108 CAGCATGGAGAGCGGAG 145 465 GACAC ACAGGTC Nkx2-3 CGAGGAAGAAGAGGGAGAG 109 CTGCCGCTGTCTCTTGCAC 146 432 AAACTGTC TTGTACC Zfp612 GGTGACCTTTGAGGACGTGG 110 GACTAAACAAACACCCTT 147 433 CTGTG CCACAGAGC Runx1t1 CAACGGGCCTTCTTCTTCCTC 111 CATTATTTGGACTGTACC 148 533 TTCCTC GCTGGCCTGG Runx1 CTGCTCCGTGCTACCCACTC 112 GAGGCTGAGGGTTAAAGG 149 496 ACTG CAGTGGAG Hoxb4 CGATTACCTACCCAGCGACC 113 CGTCAGGTAGCGATTGTA 150 483 ACTC GTGAAACTCC Nr3c2 CCAACACTTGAGTTCCTTTCC 114 GCAGGACAGTTCTTTCTC 151 405 GCCTGTC CGAATC Tcf15 CCGAAAGCTGTCTAAGATCG 115 CTGCCCCCCAGGTCACGA 152 331 AGACG CGGCTGC Hoxa5 GGCAGCACCCACATCAGCAG 116 CGCCGAAGAAGGATCGAA 153 291 CAGAG ATAGCTC Hoxb3 CTGGATGAAAGAGTCGAGGC 117 GGTAGTTGGAAGGCAGCG 154 318 AAAC CGTAGGC Pbx1 GAGTTTGGATGAAGCGCAGG 118 GATGCCGCACTTCTTGGC 155 433 CCAG TAACTC Klf2 CAAGGGTCTCCAAACGTCCA 119 GTCACATTTGGCAGGTCA 156 605 CAAC TCATCG Lmo2 GCCATCGAAAGGAAGAGCCT 120 CCACTCGTAGATGTCTTGT 157 443 GGAC TCACACAC Etv6 GAGCAGAGATGACGTAGCCC 121 GTGGTTGTTCTCCTGCTGT 158 507 AGTG AGCCTGG Hoxa9 CGCTCTCCTTCGCGGGCTTAC 122 GTGGAGCGAGCATGTAGC 159 239 CCTCC CAGTTGG Igf2BP2 GAACTGGGCCATCCGCGCCA 123 CTTCAGGTTTCTGCCTTCT 160 703 TCGAGAC TTGCCAATC Gata2 GTCTTCTTCAACCATCTCGAC 124 GGTATCGGGTGGTGTGTT 161 574 TCGCAGG GCAGGCTGGG Zfp521 GGGTTTCGTTGTGTGGTGTGT 125 GAACAAACACTGTGAAAC 162 406 ATGCAG AGACGGG Glis2 CGGCAGCGGGAAGGTGAAC 126 GCACAGGGTGAGGAGGA 163 488 GGGAGCTAC GGCTGAAGAG Zfp532 CGGTCCCGGCAGACCAGATG 127 CTCCTCCTCCTCATCGTTG 164 518 ATAGTTC GTAACATC Nfix GCACGAGAAGCGGATGTCAA 128 CACATCATCTACTGGACT 165 723 AGGACGAG CTCCATCTC Prdm5 CTGATGTGGGAGGTACGTGG 129 CAGGCAAAGTCCTCTTCA 166 314 GAGCAAG CAGCCAAGG Egr1 GAGCGAGGACCAGTCACTAT 130 CCATATTCTTTCACCGCCC 167 416 TTGAG ACTCC

Homo sapiens hepatic leukemia factor (HLF), mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 9) and a codon optimized, or different codons encoding the same amino acids, are naturally also contemplated to be covered by the reference to the nucleic acid as set forth herein.

Homo sapiens LIM domain only 2 (rhombotin-like 1) (LMO2), transcript variant 1, mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 21) and a codon optimized, or different codons encoding the same amino acids, are naturally also contemplated to be covered by the reference to the nucleic acid as set forth herein.

Homo sapiens Meis homeobox 1 (MEIS1), mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 22) and a codon optimized, or different codons encoding the same amino acids, are naturally also contemplated to be covered by the reference to the nucleic acid as set forth herein.

Homo sapiens musashi RNA-binding protein 2 (MSI2), transcript variant 1, mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 23) and a codon optimized, or different codons encoding the same amino acids, are naturally also contemplated to be covered by the reference to the nucleic acid as set forth herein.

Homo sapiens v-myc myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived (avian) (MYCN), mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 24) and a codon optimized, or different codons encoding the same amino acids, are naturally also contemplated to be covered by the reference to the nucleic acid as set forth herein.

Homo sapiens NK2 homeobox 3 (NKX2-3), mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 28) and a codon optimized, or different codons encoding the same amino acids, are naturally also contemplated to be covered by the reference to the nucleic acid as set forth herein.

Homo sapiens pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 1 (PBX1), transcript variant 2, mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 30) and a codon optimized, or different codons encoding the same amino acids, are naturally also contemplated to be covered by the reference to the nucleic acid as set forth herein.

Homo sapiens PR domain containing 5 (PRDM5), mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 32) and a codon optimized, or different codons encoding the same amino acids, are naturally also contemplated to be covered by the reference to the nucleic acid as set forth herein.

Homo sapiens RNA binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS), transcript variant 3, mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 35) and a codon optimized, or different codons encoding the same amino acids, are naturally also contemplated to be covered by the reference to the nucleic acid as set forth herein.

Homo sapiens runt-related transcription factor 1; translocated to, 1 (cyclin D-related) (RUNX1T1), transcript variant 5, mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 37) and a codon optimized, or different codons encoding the same amino acids, are naturally also contemplated to be covered by the reference to the nucleic acid as set forth herein.

Homo sapiens ZFP37 zinc finger protein (ZFP37), mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 42) and a codon optimized, or different codons encoding the same amino acids, are naturally also contemplated to be covered by the reference to the nucleic acid as set forth herein.

Example 2 Identification of Factors Capable of Imparting Alternative Lineage Potential In Vitro and Multi-Lineage Engraftment Potential on Committed Progenitors In Vivo

Experimental strategies for reprogramming diverse cell types generally rely on the action of one or more genes able to impart the cellular and molecular properties of one cell type onto a different cell type. We hypothesized that regulatory factors with relatively restricted expression in HSCs in relation to their downstream hematopoietic progeny are likely to be involved in defining the functional identity of HSCs through regulation of the gene networks underlying their fundamental properties which include self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation potential. We reasoned that transient ectopic expression of such factors in committed blood cells might therefore instill them with the functional properties of HSCs and potentially stably reprogram them back to an HSC-like state. To identify such factors we analyzed microarray data of 40 different purified hematopoietic cell types that we and others have generated that comprise the vast majority of hematopoietic progenitor and effector cells in addition to HSCs. These datasets (142 arrays in total) were normalized together into a single database providing a comprehensive molecular overview of hematopoiesis from stem cells through to effector cells. Using this database we identified 36 regulatory factors with relatively restricted expression in HSCs in relation to their downstream progeny. These included 33 genes encoding transcription factors, and 3 genes encoding translational regulators (FIG. 58A). Consistent with our hypothesis, multiple genes with known roles in regulating the core properties of HSCs were identified which included Ndn (Kubota et al., 2009), Evil (Yuasa et al., 2005), Meis1 (Hisa et al., 2004), HLF (Gazit et al.), Egrl (Min et al., 2008) and others. We also identified multiple regulatory proteins that remain unstudied in HSC biology. Each of the 36 factors was then cloned into doxycycline-inducible lentiviruses bearing a reporter cassette (Zs-Green) (Mostoslaysky et al., 2005) and high-titer viruses were produced (FIG. 58B).

It has been recognized that one of the challenges to reprogramming mature cells is that they are inherently stable (Zhou and Melton, 2008). This is not necessarily true of oligo-potent and lineage-committed hematopoietic progenitors, which are transient cell types in the process of differentiation. Moreover, since progenitor cells proximal to HSCs are more epigenetically related to HSCs (Bock et al., 2012), we reasoned that these might be more amenable to reprogramming back to an HSC-like state. Thus we first sought to determine if we could impart alternative lineage potentials onto lineage-restricted progenitors by assaying the ability of the 36 factors to instill myeloid lineage potential onto otherwise B-cell restricted progenitors in colony forming assays. We purified Pro/Pre B-cells (CD19+B220+AA4.1+IgM−) from mice expressing the reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator (rtTA) from the Rosa26 locus (Rosa26rtTA) (FIG. 65), and transduced them with control virus (Zs-green), or the 36-factor viral cocktail. Transduced cells were then exposed to doxycycline followed by plating into methylcellulose in the presence of myeloid promoting cytokines (FIG. 58C). These experiments showed that whereas control-transduced Pro/Pre B-cells were unable to form myeloid colonies as expected, cells transduced with the 36-factor cocktail readily gave rise to colonies bearing diverse myeloid lineages including granulocytes, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes and macrophages (FIG. 58D-E).

We next determined if transient ectopic expression of the 36-factor cocktail imparted HSC-like potential onto lineage-restricted lymphoid or myeloid progenitors in vivo. We took advantage of the fact that HSCs are the only hematopoietic cells capable of long-term multi-lineage reconstitution in myeloablated recipients upon transplantation, whereas downstream progenitors only transiently reconstitute recipient mice with restricted lineage potential depending upon their stage of differentiation (FIG. 59A). Moreover, we reasoned that the sensitivity of the transplantation assay, in which even a single HSC can give rise to detectable multi-lineage engraftment, would permit detection of even rare reprogramming events. Thus, only progenitors transduced with a combination of factors capable of instilling them with long-term reconstitution potential would be read out in this assay. Towards this we purified Pro/Pre B-cells or common myeloid progenitors (CMPs: lin−c-kit+Sca1−Fc□rlowCD34+) from Rosa26rtTA mice (CD45.2) and following a 2-day transduction protocol with control (Zs-green) or viruses bearing the 36-factors in the presence of doxycycline, we transplanted them into lethally irradiated congenic recipients (CD45.1) along with radio-protective bone marrow cells (CD45.1) (FIG. 59A). Doxycycline was maintained in the drinking water for 2 weeks post-transplant to maintain ectopic expression of the introduced factors, followed by doxycycline withdrawal. Peripheral blood analysis of the reconstituted mice over the 16-week course of the experiment revealed that, as expected, control-transduced Pro/Pre B-cells or CMPs did not give rise to donor-derived long-term engraftment (FIG. 59B-C). By contrast, a few of the recipients transplanted with the 36-factor transduced B-cell progenitors (3/15) or CMPs (2/8) exhibited long-term donor-derived reconstitution (FIG. 59B-C). All but one of the reconstituted mice showed multi-lineage engraftment of B-, T- and myeloid cells though the degree of engraftment of each lineage varied amongst the different recipients (FIG. 59D). Analysis of V(D)J recombination of sorted donor-derived myeloid cells from the Pro/Pre B-cell arm of the experiment confirmed the B-lineage origin of the reconstituting cells as evidenced by recombination of the heavy chain of the IG locus (FIG. 59E). The observation of multiple heavy chain bands in the gel indicated that the reconstituting cells were polyclonal.

These experiments indicated that one or more factors from the 36-factor cocktail could imbue long-term multi-lineage reconstituting potential onto otherwise committed lymphoid and myeloid progenitors. To determine which factors might be involved in conferring this potential, we sorted donor-derived myeloid, B-cells and T-cells to test for the presence of each of the 36 factors using a PCR-based strategy (FIG. 59F, Table 5). This analysis revealed that whereas multiple factors could be identified in the donor-derived cells from each of the reconstituted mice, 6 transcription factors, Hlf, Runx1t1, Pbx1, Lmo2, Zfp37, and Prdm5 were consistently detected in all of the reconstituted recipients in multiple lineages (FIG. 59G).

Six transcription factors (Hlf, Runx1t1, Pbx1, Lmo2, Zfp37, and Prdm5) are sufficient to reprogram progenitor potential in vitro and impart long-term multi-lineage engraftment potential in vivo.

We next assessed if the 6 transcription factors we had identified in our in vivo screen were sufficient to confer myeloid colony forming potential onto Pro/Pre B-cells in methylcellulose. As we had observed with the 36-factor cocktail (FIG. 58D-E), transduction with the viral combination of Hlf, Runx1t1, Pbx1, Lmo2, Zfp37, and Prdm5 was able to imbue lineage-restricted B-cell progenitors with myeloid lineage potential in these assays (FIG. 60A-B). To test the requirement for each of the 6 transcription factors (6-TF) we employed “N minus 1” experiments in which each of the factors was sequentially omitted from the transduction cocktail (FIG. 60C). These experiments revealed that whereas Hlf, Runx1t1, Pbx1, Lmo2, and Zfp37 were all required for instilling myeloid colony forming potential onto Pro/Pre B-cells in vitro, the 5-factor cocktail minus Prdm5 still gave rise to myeloid colonies albeit at lower numbers than the 6-TF combination (FIG. 60C).

We next tested whether the 6-TF cocktail was sufficient to impart long-term multi-lineage reconstituting potential onto committed myeloid or B-cell progenitors in transplantation assays. Purified Pro/Pre B-cells (CD45.2) were transduced with control (Zs-green) virus or the 6-TF cocktail followed by transplantation into congenic recipients (CD45.1). In contrast to control-transduced cells, long-term multi-lineage reconstitution was observed in 1/13 and 2/12 recipients transplanted with 6-TF transduced Pro/Pre cells or CMPs cells, respectively (FIG. 60D). Peripheral blood analysis of recipient mice throughout the course of the experiment revealed that in all cases, donor-derived cells from the reconstituted recipients showed multi-lineage engraftment (FIG. 60D-F). Heavy chain rearrangement was observed in donor-derived myeloid cells sorted from the Pro/Pre B-cell reconstituted mouse confirming the B-cell origin of the reconstituting cells (FIG. 60G). These results indicate that transient ectopic expression of Hlf, Runx1t1, Pbx1, Lmo2, and Zfp37, and Prdm5 is sufficient to impart long-term, multi-lineage transplantation potential onto otherwise committed myeloid and lymphoid progenitors.

Inclusion of Meis1 and Mycn and use of polycistronic viruses improves in vivo reprogramming efficiency.

The absence of donor-derived reconstitution in many of the recipient mice in our 6-TF transplantation experiments (FIG. 60D) suggested that the efficiency of imparting this long-term multi-lineage potential onto committed progenitors was low. To try to improve this we developed polycistronic doxycycline-inducible lentiviruses bearing three transcription factors each separated by 2A peptide sequences (Runx1T1.Hlf.Lmo2 (RHL), Pbx1.Zfp37.Prdm5 (PZP)). We also included two additional transcription factors (Mycn and Meis1) that we had repeatedly identified from primitive colonies generated in in vitro colony forming experiments (FIGS. 61A, 66, and data not shown). To test the utility of these strategies we transduced purified Pro/Pre B-cells with control virus, or the 8-transcription factor cocktail as individual viruses (8-TF), or using the RHL and PZP polycistronic viruses along with viruses bearing Mycn, and Meis1 (8-TFPoly), and transplanted them into irradiated congenic recipients at greater numbers than in previous experiments. Peripheral blood analysis of transplanted mice over the course of 16 weeks revealed that in contrast to the control-transduced cells that showed no donor-derived chimerism (0/12), multiple recipients transplanted with either the 8-TF (3/6) or the 8-TFPoly (9/14) transduced cells exhibited donor-derived chimerism (FIG. 61B). All recipients showed multi-lineage reconstitution 18-22 weeks post-transplant though again the degree of B-cell, T-cell and myeloid chimerism varied amongst recipients (FIG. 61C-D). The B-cell origin of the reconstituting cells was confirmed through evidence of IG heavy chain rearrangement in donor-derived myeloid cells, with the presence of many bands indicating that the reconstituting cells were polyclonal (FIG. 61E).

Reprogrammed cells engraft bone marrow progenitor compartments and can reconstitute secondary recipients.

In addition to reconstituting the peripheral blood, HSCs efficiently engraft secondary hematopoietic organs and bone marrow progenitor cell compartments upon transplantation. To determine if the B-cell progenitors transduced with the 8-TF or 8-TFPoly cocktails possessed this ability, reconstituted mice were sacrificed and analyzed 18-20 weeks post-transplant, which showed that all the mice had donor-derived chimerism of the bone marrow, spleen and thymus though the level of varied between recipients as we had observed in the periphery (FIG. 62A). The Pro/Pre B-cell origin of the engrafting cells was confirmed through analysis of IG rearrangement from DNA isolated from granulocytes and myeloid cells purified from the bone marrow and spleen, and T-cells derived from the thymus (FIG. 62B) Immunophenotyping of bone marrow cells revealed donor contribution to common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs: lin−Flk2+IL7R□+ckitlowSca1low), CMPs, granulocyte/monocyte progenitors (GMPs: lin−ckit+Sca1−Fc□rhighCD34+), megarkaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs: lin−ckit+Sca1−Fc□r−CD34−), and primitive LSK progenitors (lin−Sca1+ckit+) (FIGS. 62C-F). Importantly, we also observed donor contribution to megakaryocyte progenitors (MkPs: lin−c-kit+Sca1−CD41+), and erythroid progenitors (EPs: lin−ckit+Sca1−Endoglin+) suggesting that the reconstituting cells were able of give rise to precursor cells of platelets and erythrocytes, lineages which we could not track in the peripheral blood in the congenic CD45-based transplantation system we used. Subfractionation of the LSK compartment revealed donor-derived reconstitution of the multi-potent progenitor (MPP1: lin−ckit+Sca1+CD34+Flk2−, MPP2: lin−c-kit+Sca1+CD34+Flk2+) and HSC (lin−c-kit+Sca1+CD34−Flk2−) compartments (FIGS. 62C-62F). Donor-marked progenitors and HSCs were found to be heavy chain rearranged confirming their B-cell origin (FIG. 62G).

A defining property of HSCs is their ability to self-renewal, a potential that can be evidenced by an ability to reconstitute secondary recipients upon serial transplantation. To test if the cells generated in our experiments possessed this potential we sacrificed primary recipient mice 18 weeks post-transplant and transplanted whole bone marrow or donor-derived c-kit+ cells into irradiated secondary congenic recipients. Peripheral blood analysis at 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-transplant reveled robust donor reconstitution of B-, T- and myeloid cells in all secondary recipient mice (FIGS. 62H-I). Taken together, these results indicate that transient ectopic expression of 8 transcription factors imparts multi-lineage reconstituting potential, reconstitutes bone marrow progenitor compartments, and enables long-term self-renewal potential—the functional hallmarks of HSCs—onto lineage-restricted B-cell progenitors.

Reprogramming Terminally Differentiated Myeloid Cells to Transplantable HSC-Like Cells.

Eventual clinical translation of blood cell reprogramming to derive HSCs would likely benefit from an ability to reprogram cell types that can be readily and non-invasively obtained from the peripheral blood. We therefore sought to determine if multi-lineage progenitor activity could be conferred onto terminally differentiated blood cells using the transcription factors we identified. Recipient and donor-derived peripheral blood was sorted from mice engrafted with Pro/Pre B-cells transduced with the 8-factor cocktail (8-TF or 8TFPoly) 16-22 weeks post-transplant (ie. 14-20 weeks post-doxycycline induction). Sorted cells were then cultured in the absence or presence of doxycycline—with the latter condition intended to lead to re-expression of the transduced factors—followed by plating the cells in methylcellulose (FIG. 63A). As expected, neither the recipient-marked cells, nor the donor-derived cells cultured and plated in the absence of doxycycline gave rise to colonies, consistent with low-level progenitor activity in the peripheral blood of mice (FIG. 63B). By contrast, plates seeded with donor cells that had seen reactivation of the 8 transcription factors by exposure to doxycycline gave rise to mixed myeloid lineage colonies that included primitive GEMM colonies (FIG. 63B). To determine which lineage(s) in the peripheral blood had the potential to give rise to these colonies upon re-expression of the transcription factors, we sorted donor-derived B-cells, T-cells, myeloid cells and granulocytes from the 8-TF reconstituted mice, and tested their colony forming potential following culturing and plating in the absence or presence of doxycycline. These experiments revealed that essentially all colony-forming potential originated from the myeloid and granulocyte cell fractions (FIG. 63C-63D). Interestingly, the colonies generated from the sorted myeloid cells were much larger than those derived from granulocytes though a greater number of colonies arose from the latter.

Encouraged by these results we next determined if the transcription factors we identified impart multi-lineage reconstituting potential onto terminally differentiated myeloid cells in transplantation assays. We sorted Mac1+c-kit− myeloid effector cells from Rosa26rtTA mice and transduced them with either 6-factor (6-TFPoly), or 8-factor cocktails (8-TF and 8-TFPoly) and transplanted them into irradiated congenic recipients. Peripheral blood analysis at monthly intervals revealed that, whereas none of mice transplanted with cells transduced with control virus were reconstituted, multiple recipients transplanted with cells transduced with 6-TFPoly (4/7), 8-TF (3/6), and 8-TFPoly (7/8) exhibited long-term donor-derived engraftment (FIG. 63F, 66). Lineage analysis of the reconstituted mice revealed donor-derived contribution to B-cell, T-cell, myeloid, and granulocyte lineages with the contribution to each lineage varying between recipients (FIG. 63F). Donor-derived contribution to secondary hematopoietic organs, and bone marrow progenitor cell compartments was observed in mice sacrificed and analyzed 20 weeks post-transplant (FIGS. 68A-D). Serial transplantation of donor-derived bone marrow cells demonstrated that the 6-TF or 8-TF transduced myeloid effectors could engraft secondary recipients in all lineages to 12 weeks post-transplant (FIG. 63G-63H).

Based on the functional data presented in FIGS. 58-63, we conclude that transient ectopic expression of 6 (Hlf, Runx1t1, Pbx1, Lmo2, Zfp37, and Prdm5) or 8 (Hlf, Runx1t1, Pbx1, Lmo2, and Zfp37, Prdm5, Mycn, and Meis1) transcription factors reprograms differentiated hematopoietic progenitors and effector cells to cells that possess the functional properties of HSCs. We term these reprogrammed cells induced-HSCs (iHSCs).

Single cell expression profiling of iHSCs reveals evidence of partial and full reprogramming.

To assess the extent to which reprogrammed iHSCs recapitulate the molecular properties of endogenous HSCs, we employed a recently developed single cell gene expression profiling methodology that accurately defines hematopoietic stem and progenitor identity through the simultaneous quantification of expression of 152 lineage-specific transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers, cell surface molecules, and cell-cycle regulators (Guo et al., 2013). We sorted and analyzed donor-derived iHSCs by immunophenotype (CD45.2+lineage−ckit+Sca1+Fk2−CD34−/lowCD150+) from two different experiments in which Pro/Pre B cells had been transduced with the 8-TF cocktail as single viruses (8-TF), or with polycistronic viruses (8-TFPoly) (FIG. 61). In both settings mice exhibiting long-term multi-lineage donor-derived reconstitution were sacrificed at 18 weeks post-transplantation. We also sorted and analyzed host-derived HSCs (CD45.1+lineage−ckit+Sca1+Fk2−CD34−/lowCD150+) from the same mice to serve as controls. Single cell expression data generated from iHSCs and host HSCs was then analyzed in comparison to data generated from Pro/Pre B-cells (the starting cell type), and also to data previously generated from HSCs, MPPs, CLPs, CMPs, GMPs, and MEPs purified at steady-state (Guo et al., 2013). Analysis of the raw data revealed high correlation between gene expression for the vast majority of the control and test cell types (FIG. 69, Tables 6-8). To further interrogate the transcriptional relationships amongst all the cell types analyzed, we performed principal component analysis (PCA) to define the transcriptional distances between the cells. As expected, steady-state HSCs and progenitor cells were largely positioned in agreement with established lineal relationships where HSCs forming a clearly defined cluster, with MPPs positioned proximal, and oligopotent progenitors (MEPs, GMPs, CLPs) positioned more distal to HSCs (FIG. 64A). Pro/Pre B-cells positioned closely to CLPs consistent with the lineal relationship between these cell types, while the host-derived HSCs were positioned within the steady-state HSC cluster as expected (FIG. 64A). Interestingly, iHSCs derived from the two experiments (8-TF or 8-TFPoly) exhibited very distinct patterns of expression with the iHSCs derived from the 8-TF single virus experiment being more heterogeneous than the iHSCs derived from the 8-TFPoly transduced cells (FIGS. 64A, 69, Tables 6-8). As a result, PCA analysis of these cells showed that whereas some of the iHSCs 8-TF positioned closely or within the HSC cluster, others mapped closer to MPPs while others yet positioned closely to the Pro/Pre B cluster (FIG. 64A). By contrast, all of the iHSCs derived using the polycistronic viruses (iHSC 8-TFPoly) homogenously clustered within the HSC node (FIG. 64A). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis confirmed that whereas approximately equal numbers of iHSCs derived using single viruses mapped closely to HSCs (7/23), others mapped closely to MPPs (7/23), while the remainder mapped more closely to Pro/Pre B cells (10/23) (FIG. 64B). In contrast, all of the iHSCs derived using the polycistronic approach showed very high similarity to host and control HSCs (35/35).

The inclusion of five (Mycn, Hlf, Lmo2, Meis1 and Pbx1) of the eight reprogramming factors amongst the 152 genes analyzed in these experiments allowed us to address how endogenous levels of these factors was reestablished in iHSCs post-reprogramming Consistent with their known roles in regulating HSCs, high levels of each of MycN, Hlf, Lmo2, and Meis1 were observed in steady-state HSCs, which contrasted the low levels observed in Pro/Pre B cells (FIG. 64D). Pbx1 expression was lower in the majority of HSCs and absent in Pro/Pre B cells. Conversely, Ebf1 and Pax5, which are critical transcription factors for B-cell development were expressed at high levels in Pro/Pre B cells and negligible levels in HSCs. Analysis of the expression of these genes in iHSCs again revealed distinct differences depending upon whether or not single or polycistronic viruses were used for their derivation. Whereas high levels of endogenous MycN, Hlf, Lmo2, Meis1 and moderate levels of Pbx1 was reestablished in many of the iHSCs derived using single viruses, low levels of these genes and high levels of Ebf1 and Pax5 were still observed in a significant fraction of the cells (FIG. 64D). By contrast, the expression of each of these genes in iHSCs derived using the polycistronic viruses fully recapitulated the expression patterns observed in the control HSCs (FIG. 64D), as was the expression of all other genes analyzed known to be critical for HSCs function including the transcription factors Gfi1b, Gata2, and Ndn, and the cytokine receptors Mpl, and c-kit (FIG. 64D, Tables 6-8). Taken together, these results demonstrate that 8-TF reprogramming of Pro/Pre B using single viruses generates iHSCs with transcriptional properties consistent with either full or partial reprogramming, whereas iHSCs derived under optimal polycistronic viral conditions exhibit an expression profile synonymous with HSCs.

Discussion

Within the hematopoietic system, HSCs are the only cells with the functional capacity to differentiate to all blood lineages, and to self-renew for life. These properties, in combination with the ability of HSCs to engraft conditioned recipients upon transplantation, have established the paradigm for stem cell use in regenerative medicine. Allogeneic and autologous HSC transplantation is used in the treatment of ˜50,000 patients/year for congenital and acquired hematopoietic diseases and other malignancies (Gratwohl et al., 2010). Current challenges to transplantation therapies include the availability of histocompatible donor cells and associated graft versus host disease. De novo generation of isogenic HSCs from patient derived cells would obviate these issues, and extend transplantation to all patients as opposed to those for whom a histocompatible donor can be identified. Deriving HSCs from alternative cell types has thus has been a long sought after goal in regenerative medicine. Here we report the generation of induced-HSCs via reprogramming from committed hematopoietic progenitor and effector cells. Through identification and functional screening of 36 HSC-enriched factors, we identified 6 transcription factors Hlf, Runx1t1, Pbx1, Lmo2, Zfp37, and Prdm5 whose transient ectopic expression was sufficient to impart HSC functional potential onto committed blood cells. Inclusion of two additional transcription factors, Mycn, and Meis1, and the use of polycistronic viruses increased reprogramming efficacy. These findings demonstrate that ectopic expression of a small number of defined transcription factors in committed blood cells is sufficient to activate the gene regulatory networks governing HSC functional identity. The derivation of iHSCs therefore represents a novel cell-based system for exploring the mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of fundamental HSC properties such as self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation potential. Moreover, our results demonstrate that blood cell reprogramming is a viable strategy for the derivation of transplantable stem cells that could serve as a paradigm for eventual clinical application.

Despite the fact that HSCs are the most well characterized tissue-specific stem cells, surprisingly little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating their central properties. The identification of a defined set of transcription factors capable of stably imparting self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation potential onto otherwise non-self-renewing, lineage-restricted cells, demonstrates that these factors are critically involved in regulating the transcriptional networks underlying HSC functional identity. Consistent with this, several of the factors that we identified have previously been shown to be important for regulating diverse aspects of HSC biology. For example, PBX1 and MEIS1, which interact and can form heterodimeric and heterotrimeric complexes with HOX proteins, have both been shown to regulate HSC self-renewal by maintaining HSC quiescence (Ficara et al., 2008; Kocabas et al., 2012; Unnisa et al., 2012). LMO2 is required for hematopoiesis and in its absence, neither primitive or definitive blood cells form (Warren et al., 1994; Yamada et al., 1998). And while MYCN is dispensable for HSC activity due to the functional redundancy of MYC, combined ablation of both Myc and MycN severely disrupts HSC self-renewal and differentiation potential (Laurenti et al., 2008). In contrast to these well-characterized genes, Prdm5 and Zfp37 remain unstudied in HSC biology, and though the role of RUNX1T1 (as known as ETO) as a fusion partner with RUNX1 in acute myeloid leukemia is well established, its role in normal hematopoiesis remains unclear. Defining the roles that each of the reprogramming factors play in normal HSC biology will be critical for understanding their function in blood cell reprogramming.

Going forward it will also be important to elucidate how the reprogramming factors activate and maintain the transcriptional networks underlying HSC functional identity in other cell types during reprogramming Given that 6 of the 8 factors we identified, Hlf (Inaba et al., 1992), Meis1 (Moskow et al., 1995), Lmo2 (Boehm et al., 1991), Mycn (Brodeur et al., 1984; Marx, 1984), Pbx1 (Kamps et al., 1991), and Runx1t1 (Erickson et al., 1992) are proto-oncogenes, suggests that blood cell reprogramming to iHSC likely involves the activation and/or repression of gene networks that are common to stem cells and transformed cells. This is also consistent with the finding that virtually all the transcription factors required for HSC formation, maintenance, or lineage commitment are targeted by somatic mutation or translocation in heme malignancy {Orkin, 2008 #5327}. Some insights into how the individual reprogramming factors mediate their activity has been provided by recent studies. For example, LMO2 overexpression in committed T-cell progenitors led to a preleukemic state characterized by sustained self-renewal activity yet without blocking T-cell differentiation potential, and this was associated with upregulation of a cadre of genes normally expressed by primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) (McCormack et al., 2010). Similarly, ectopic expression of HLF in downstream multi-potent and oligo-potent myeloid progenitors imbued them with potent self-renewal activity ex vivo without blocking their differentiation potential, which was associated with expression of CD150, and sustained repression of lineage commitment markers, phenotypes consistent with HSCs (Gazit et al.). HLF expression alone was nonetheless insufficient to impart HSC transplantation potential onto downstream progenitors (RG, BG, DJR unpublished). These studies show that while ectopic expression of HLF or LMO2 can instill at least some of the functional and molecular properties of HSCs onto committed blood cells, alone they cannot access the full repertoire of transcriptional programs needed to establish and maintain HSC function. In these regards, it is interesting that whereas iHSCs generated using polycistronic viruses all exhibited expression profiles that were indistinguishable from control HSCs, iHSCs generated using monocistronic viruses were heterogeneous at the molecular level with many of the cells analyzed showing clear evidence of partial reprogramming That some of these partially reprogrammed cells clustered closely to the Pro/Pre B cells from which they were derived suggests that these cells retained an epigenetic memory of their cell of origin despite being purified by an immunophenotype consistent with HSCs. It is likely that the partially reprogrammed iHSCs in the 8-TF single virus experiments did not receive the full complement of reprogramming factors. If so, further study of fully reprogrammed versus partially reprogrammed cells may provide mechanistic insights into how the reprogramming factors collaborate to activate the gene regulatory networks underlying HSC functional identity.

Although the transcriptional properties of iHSCs derived under optimal 8-TF polycistronic conditions were indistinguishable from endogenous HSCs, further analysis will be required to determine if the epigenetic landscape of these cells is fully reset to that of HSCs. In this regard, it was interesting that the lineage potential observed in our experiments in mice reconstituted with iHSCs sometimes, though not always, evolved over time post-transplantation, with donor-derived chimerism showing lineage skewing at early time points post-transplant, and more balanced output at later time points. These results suggest that iHSCs may need time to fully reset their epigenetic landscape to achieve balanced HSC potential, in a manner similar to the erasure of epigenetic memory observed with continued passage of iPS cells (Polo et al., 2010). Whether or not cell passage influences epigenetic resetting during iHSC derivation is at this point unclear. It is plausible that iHSCs may require a period of “maturation” in the stem cell niche to achieve full HSC potential. It is notable that some of the partially reprogrammed iHSCs we analyzed had not appropriately upregulated the MPL or KIT receptors suggesting an inability to transduce signals in response to TPO or SCF emanating from the niche.

Transcription factors play a critical role in the specification of different lineages during development, and as such the discovery of a set of transcription factors capable of activating the gene regulatory networks underlying HSC functional identity suggests that it may be possible to use these factors on cells derived from pluripotent stem cells to facilitate the generation of definitive HSCs. Along these lines, a recent study showed that expression of 5 transcription factors HOXA9, RORA, ERG, SOX4, and MYB was able to impart transient myeloerythroid engraftment potential onto iPS-derived blood cell progenitors, though these factors were unable to instill HSC potential onto the cells (Doulatov et al., 2013). It will also be important to test if the reprogramming factors we identified can be used to convert cell types outside of the hematopoietic system to an iHSC fate in a manner similar to the ability of the Yamanaka factors to bestow pluripotency onto cells of diverse lineages, though it remains possible that iHSCs derivation using the factors we defined will be limited to the blood system. Nonetheless, the generation of iHSCs via blood cell reprogramming represents a powerful new experimental paradigm for studying the fundamental mechanisms underlying HSC identity that might eventually be lead to the derivation of transplantable stem cells with clinical potential.

Materials and Methods

Microarray: Microarray data was generated on the Affymetrix 430 2.0 platform and included previously published data generated in our lab in addition to datasets that were curated from GEO. Overall the database consists of 142 expression profiles from 40 FACs purified hematopoietic cell populations based on known cell surface phenotypes. All datasets were subjected to quality control (QC) measures provided in the ArrayQualityMetrics package of R/Bioconductor (http://www.bioconductor.org). Datasets were normalized (gcRMA) using R bioconductor. To identify potential regulators of HSCs, we applied a filter in which the ratio of expression in HSCs to all others had to be greater than 2.5-fold. The list of potential regulators was finalized by cross-referencing the literature to identify factors with known transcriptional/translation regulatory roles.

Mice: B6.SJL-Ptprca/BoyAiTac1 (Taconic Farms; Hudson, N.Y.) and C57BL/6N (Charles River Laboratories; Cambridge, Mass.) recipient mice and B6.CgGt(ROSA)26Sortm1(rtTA*M2)Jae/J donor mice (Jackson, Bar Harbor, Me.) were used. For some experiments, B6.CgGt(ROSA)26Sortm1(rtTA*M2)Jae/J mice crossed to the CD45.1 background were used. All mice were maintained according to protocols approved by Harvard Medical School Animal Facility and all procedures were performed with consent from the local ethics committees.

Pro/pre B-cell, CMP and HSC purification: Antibodies used in FACs purification included: CD34, Sca1, c-kit, AA4.1 from eBioscience (San Diego, Calif.); Fc□R from BD Bioscience (San Jose, Calif.); IgM Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, Mo.); IL-7R□, Ter119, CD45.1, CD45.2, Mac1, CD3, CD4, CD8, Gr1, CD150, CD19, CD25 and B220 from BioLegend (San Diego, Calif.). 6-12 week old B6 CD45.2+rtTA heterozygous mice were sacrificed and the bone marrow harvested as previously described (Rossi et al. PNAS 2005). To obtain Pro/Pre B cells, a B220 enrichment was performed using biotin B220 (BD Bioscience), streptavidin magnetic beads and a magnetic column (Milteny Biotec). Enrichment was performed according to published protocols. To obtain CMPs, a c-kit enrichment using directly conjugated magnetic beads (BD Bioscience) was performed on whole bone marrow cells. Cells were sorted directly into sample media containing 2% FBS. All cells were sorted on a FACS Aria II (Becton Dickinson).

Virus Production: Factors were cloned into the pHage2 dox inducible system under the TRE reporter using restriction site directional (Not1 and BamH1) cloning as previously described (Gazit et al. 2013). Importantly, a number of these constructs were cloned out of a cDNA library created from FACS sorted HSCs. All constructs were checked by restriction diagnostics and fully sequenced. Constructs (FIG. 58B) include an IRES that enables ZsGr reporter expression. Polycistronics (FIG. 61A) combined individual viruses to create RHL and PZP. Individual factors (RUNX1T1, HLF and LMO2) and (PBX1, ZFP37 and PRDM5) were linked using non directional cloning and stepwise insertion into the respective restriction sites Sal1, Spe1, BamH1 separated by 2A sequences. All constructs were checked by restriction digest diagnostics and sequenced. Viruses for all the 36 factors were produced according to a previously established protocol (Mostoslaysky et al., 2005). All viruses are titered on Jurkat cells to an approximated working MOI ˜5.0.

Pro/PreB and CMP CFC assays: Sorted Pro/Pre B cells and CMPs were isolated from rtTA transgenic CD45.2+ and when indicated CD45.1+ donors. 60,000 cells/200 uL media are incubated with the indicated viruses for 16 hours. Media used is Sclone supplemented with 10 ng/mL SCF, 10 ng/ml IL-12, 10 ng/ml TPO, 5 ng/mL Flk-3, and 5 ng/mL IL-7. After transduction, 1.0 mg/ml Doxacycline is added for 48 hours and then transferred to methylcellulose or transplanted. In the case of FIGS. 4-6, a 24 hour ex vivo dox induction was implemented because more cells appeared viable at this time point.

In CFC assays, 10,000 Pro/PreB or 1,000 CMP cells were transferred from the dox containing media to be diluted and mixed with 1.75 mL per well of M3630 methylcellulose (Stem Cell Technology) and plated into a 6 well dish. 20 days later the colonies were counted and characterized by morphology.

CFC secondary reprogramming ex vivo was accomplished by plating 60,000 donor-derived FACS sorted cells into a 12 well plate with 500 uL of F12 media supplemented with 10 ng/mL SCF, 10 ng/ml IL-12, 10 ng/ml TPO, 5 ng/mL Flk-3, and 5 ng/mL IL-7. When indicated 1.0 mg/ml dox was added for 72 hours. 10,000 cells were then directly transferred to 1.0 mL of methylcellulose in a 12 well format. 20 days later colonies were counted and characterized by classically defined morphologies.

Pro/Pre B cell Transplantation: Transplants were performed by combining 10,000 ZsGr+ resorted cells or 2.0×10⁶ unsorted Pro/Pre B/CMP cells with 2×105 B6 CD45.1+ competitor cells and transplanted intravenously into IR B6 CD45.1+ recipients. Alternatively, sorted and transduced Pro/Pre B cells and CMPs were injected non competitively with 2×10⁵ Sca1 depleted bone marrow cells (depletion performed with the Macs magnetic depletion columns previously described according to manufactures instructions). Peripheral bleeds were performed at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Post 16 weeks, the same analysis as peripheral blood was performed on the bone marrow, spleen, and thymus.

Serial transplantation was performed by isolating bone marrow from primary mice with reconstitution from either CD45.1+ Pro/Pre B cells (>1.0%) or CD45.2+ Mac1+ bone marrow cells (>5.0%). In the case of Pro/Pre B cells, whole bone marrow was counted and 107 cells were noncompetitively transplanted into CD45.2+ recipients. Alternatively (c-kit secondary), 10,000 FACS sorted doublet discriminated, live, lineage negative, c-kit+ donor CD45.1+ cells were transplanted non-competitively with 2×10⁵ Sca1 depleted cells into IR and conditioned recipients. Mac1+ bone marrow reconstituted whole bone marrow cells were FACS sorted on donor (CD45.2+). Generally, 5.0×10⁶ donor-derived FACs sorted cells were transplanted noncompetitively into conditioned and IR recipients. Peripheral bleeds were performed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks.

Peripheral Blood Analysis and Bone Marrow Analysis: Flk2, CD34, c-kit and Sca1 antibodies were purchased from eBioscience (San Diego, Calif.). FcgR3 (CD16) was purchased from BD Bioscience (San Jose, Calif.). IL-7R□, SLAM (CD150), Ter119, CD45.1, CD45.2, B220, Mac1, CD3, CD4, CD8, Gr1 (Ly-6G/Ly-6C) were purchased from Biolegend (San Diego, Calif.)

Staining for both the peripheral blood and the progenitor compartments was done as previously described (Beerman, Rossi, Bryder). Examples of cell stains and gating strategies are described for peripheral blood (FIGS. 59B, 60E, 61C and 63G) and bone marrow analysis (FIGS. 62A-62I and 67). In general, peripheral blood populations include: B cells (B220+), Myeloid cells (Mac1+ and Gr1−), Granulocyte (Mac1+ and Gr1+), T Cells (CD3+/CD4+/CD8+).

Progenitor populations are defined as such: All are doublet discriminated, live (PI negative) and lineage negative (Gr1−, Mac1−, B220−, CD3−, CD4−, CD8−, Ter119−−). Hematopoietic progenitors (HSC, MPP1, and MPP2) were gated c-kit+Sca1+ then defined by flk2 and CD34 expression. Common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) were gated flk2+ IL-7R+ then defined by c-kit and Sca1 status. Myeloid Progenitors (GMP, CMP, and MEP) were gated c-kit+Sca1− and defined by Fc□R3 and CD34 expression. Erythroid progenitors (EP) and Megakaryocyte Precursors (MkP) were both gated c-kit+Sca1− but defined respectively by Endoglin and CD41 expression.

VDJ Rearrangement—Heavy and light chain (kappa and lambda) recombinational events were tested using a PCR based assay established by Brisco et al. (British Journal of Hematology 1990; 75:163-167) and Busslinger et al. (Nature 2007; 449:473-481). In overview, the strategy spans the region from VH2 to JH4, Therefore, covering the predominant recombinational events of heavy chain rearrangement. All PCR based strategies were confirmed on both bone marrow and peripheral blood positive and negative controls.

Transcription Factor Integration—To test for viral integration of the factor to be expressed primers were designed to generate products over intron-exon barriers (FIG. 59F). Endogenous products are eliminated by their larger size or that the primers will not extend over the intron. Rigorous controls were performed to ensure that false positives would not be detected. All primers proved negative when they singly were subtracted from the 36 factor mix and when ZsGr control virus is used, only when the factor is present does the band appear. Primers are listed in the Supplementary Table 1. PCR conditions were performed according to manufactures instructions (Kappa Biosystems).

High throughput single cell qPCR and computational analysis: Individual primer sets were pooled to a final concentration of 0.1 μM for each primer. Individual cells were sorted directly into 96 well PCR plates loaded with 5 μL RT-PCR master mix (2.5 μL CellsDirect reaction mix, Invitrogen; 0.5 μL primer pool; 0.1 μL RT/Taq enzyme, Invitrogen; 1.9 μL nuclease free water) in each well. Sorted plates were immediately frozen on dry ice. After brief centrifugation at 4° C., the plates were immediately placed on PCR machine. Cell lyses and sequence-specific reverse transcription were performed at 50° C. for 60 minutes. Then reverse transcriptase inactivation and Taq polymerase activation was achieved by heating to 95° C. for 3 min. Subsequently, in the same tube, cDNA went through 20 cycles of sequence-specific amplification by denaturing at 95° C. for 15 sec, annealing and elongation at 60° C. for 15 min After preamplification, PCR plates were stored at −80° C. to avoid evaporation. Pre-amplified products were diluted 5-fold prior to analysis. Amplified single cell samples were analyzed with Universal PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems), EvaGreen Binding Dye (Biotium) and individual qPCR primers using 96.96 Dynamic Arrays on a BioMark System (Fluidigm). Ct values were calculated using the BioMark Real-Time PCR Analysis software (Fluidigm).

Gene expression levels were estimated by subtracting the background level of 28 by the Ct level, which approximately represent the Log 2 gene expression levels. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed in Matlab to project all the control and experimental cells onto a three dimensional space to aid visualization. An unsupervised hierarchical clustering was used to cluster representative control cells and all the iHSC 8-TF or iHSC 8-TFPoly cells. The analysis was done with R using the average linkage method and a correlation-based distance. The representative control cells were selected as those whose expression levels were closest to the median based on Euclidean distance. Eight HSC cells, eight HSC Host cells, all six Pro/Pre B-cells, and four from each of the remaining control cell types were selected. The dendrogram branches were color-coded by cell type, as in the PCA analysis. Violin plots and the correlation heatmaps were generated with Matlab. The master heatmap of all the raw data (Supplement to FIGS. 64A-64D) was generated with MultiExperiment Viewer (MeV) program (http://www.tm4.org/mev.html) using the default setting.

TABLE 6-1 Single cell expression data (reduced list)---Control Factor HSC-Host1 HSC-Host2 HSC-Host3 HSC-Host4 HSC-Host5 HSC-Host6 Actb 13.2775869 14.168841 13.9178852 14.0751018 14.3746391 14.7443427 Aebp2 6.28419787 6.32255813 7.19444936 5.65953541 6.95783404 7.26360494 Ahr 0 7.57209355 0 0 0 0 Akt1 9.4500759 0 10.0765631 9.94327921 10.6548673 10.0745346 Akt2 6.22818312 0 6.70532413 0.8889789 6.47748177 5.95383663 Akt3 7.51547845 0 6.07943514 6.17938762 6.4222982 7.17078745 APC 7.79584916 0 6.19688147 0 0 0 Bad 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bax 8.2648093 9.18808438 6.51775922 9.27759397 6.43362681 9.23990229 Bel11a 0 3.15885611 0 5.12533276 4.04738876 0 Bcl11b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bcl2 6.98611579 5.59253753 5.86437743 5.82350133 5.38565841 6.25071983 Bcl2l1 6.3386176 7.46201946 5.95513383 7.54053745 8.78325414 9.89410694 Bcl2l11 0 0 6.94600503 6.87358216 4.32552584 7.85341182 Bmi1 6.84030124 7.45817288 8.3898639 8.30544124 8.55457965 9.47756119 Brd3 7.90377097 0 7.95461448 5.59030834 9.00631299 9.052141 Casp8 7.51030052 8.02616926 4.9493906 8.5494905 8.91073923 7.93953605 Casp9 0 0 8.5609996 1.67117364 4.0331817 9.80298865 Cbx2 2.56416415 5.63988167 5.00035293 0 7.4548439 5.99738299 Cbx8 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ccnc 0 7.05018411 6.61535219 7.14719604 0 0 Ccnd1 9.03626766 0 10.6728171 9.38229874 9.65405424 11.2577639 Ccne2 6.17995523 0 0 7.11543157 3.58571536 6.20681303 CD34 9.47324504 4.55399303 0 6.67982887 8.80998961 8.42129488 CD41 6.83783924 0 0 7.46208028 5.97956704 7.65198306 CD48 0 5.56947557 0 0 0 0 CD52 3.35679477 11.0232754 4.14631098 2.71474755 0 0 CD53 8.20861996 9.55294311 10.642603 0 10.0045947 8.2383003 CD55 5.73982206 7.34724526 0 8.36090066 0 6.70252191 CD63 7.99968851 3.87874565 8.90775134 6.61989086 7.62771038 8.83849433 CD9 7.44138139 6.21616714 6.50446133 8.246429 7.64906334 8.63028596 Cdc42 12.1710731 11.0591526 12.4549519 11.9800985 12.2018552 11.6731426 Cdk1 0 0 0 6.25722026 8.10356032 0 Cdk4 7.18574541 0 8.80614599 8.60901532 8.72742091 8.91034066 Cdkn2b 0 3.88923712 0 0 3.6614691 0 Cebpa 0 0 0 0 2.11474663 0 Csf1r 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ctnnb1 6.77574215 5.35561197 8.53644908 6.17550579 8.17135019 8.90801971 Cycs 9.45352333 8.28562581 9.69867329 9.15788233 8.5747268 11.0355392 Dach1 10.8615494 0 9.31769339 9.02821771 8.02501106 10.7915469 Dnmt1 7.9760193 7.79001706 9.59934161 9.46537455 10.1834542 9.73235565 Dnmt3a 9.17213793 6.74216981 10.3864007 8.88588303 10.0903643 9.57095471 Dnmt3b 7.6743627 0 8.58221524 8.13192866 6.41659753 10.5256969 Dtx1 0 3.41522411 2.46078468 0 0 0 Dtx4 0 0 8.6835801 0 2.66840805 0 Ebf1 0 6.662193 0 0 0 0 Ep300 9.71487536 9.16729643 9.43974794 9.62406494 8.10311513 8.26149733 Epor 8.68447169 7.68763276 7.25429274 7.04722818 8.24346493 6.54478382 Erg 9.20284562 0 8.87410211 11.3197691 11.1784466 10.0567225 Esr1 8.43503126 0 9.11129812 10.8937654 8.57545747 8.3892723 ETS1 0 7.93156712 8.24336392 8.54381125 0 7.97895885 ETS2 7.69340598 10.4359154 7.88475206 9.15565609 9.36749687 9.44827774 Etv3 0 4.64796195 0 4.71186206 6.09191076 4.93626547 Etv6 10.9918334 8.3432591 12.062043 10.4969697 11.0891387 10.5930954 Ezh2 0 0 6.2199413 0 7.2175748 0 Fas 0 0 0 0 0 6.34199177 Fcgr2b 7.06819715 6.31957073 0 0 6.89220045 0 Fcgr3 3.08395665 0 5.1508941 0 5.42301679 4.43817889 Fli1 10.9830573 8.55863827 11.2140047 10.3178185 11.6619233 12.1483502 Flt3 6.20637493 0 0 0 0 0 Fosl1 4.69007508 0 0 0 0 0 Foxo1 10.3454599 7.31474333 10.967598 9.8657691 10.5194737 10.0861124 Foxo3 9.0799276 0 9.7189551 7.47165548 8.73488596 7.96186755 Gapdh 8.55078967 5.52545622 9.00242399 8.73312904 8.52812774 9.39231339 Gata1 5.60159574 0.06279515 5.86590598 7.1439751 0 0 Gata2 5.74244502 0 7.41208662 7.07920109 7.70789061 8.00674346 Gata3 8.00418853 7.18159892 8.43773446 5.50080971 8.12295844 8.25560613 Gfi1 0 6.18652121 10.6772443 7.54787108 7.83956553 0 Gfi1b 0 0 0 5.51370457 0 0 Hes5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hey1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hlf 10.44305 0 10.7025095 9.93038235 10.4823111 12.2258256 Id2 5.87344248 0 7.19031139 5.96142885 0 6.51341399 Ifi203 11.7852987 9.71801159 11.3716491 11.0104458 12.6373979 11.6777944 Ifi205 4.67282232 0 7.24586334 0 0 0 Ifitm1 12.1471017 4.92118909 13.4884472 12.662214 12.5615878 13.0294612 Ikzf1 8.64469135 7.79726997 7.85685442 8.12528579 9.68635073 8.48962708 Ikzf2 7.81120077 0 9.37252819 8.30677295 7.26836862 0 I17R 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf6 0 0 0 4.20551755 4.88594856 3.08177568 Irf8 0 8.68822939 0 0 0 6.53060321 Kdr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kit 11.2070686 0 11.6440993 11.4804292 12.2611324 12.206451 Klf1 6.92350949 1.98980206 0 4.56789131 0.13589585 0 Klf12 7.06267367 0 4.57402202 6.08382143 7.94374986 3.9594648 Ldb1 10.4073068 7.3896168 10.1500409 10.0911962 10.7267532 11.0127515 Lin28a 7.17248465 0 5.58873198 6.56573609 6.38615843 3.82188034 Lmo2 10.9902154 6.18088066 10.6616656 10.3550894 11.1327095 10.9913151 Ly6a 9.77053874 11.2332276 11.7270289 8.28647953 12.6717193 10.3350604 Lyl1 0 2.97626088 1.79806679 7.18080529 6.9416814 6.73671636 Mbd2 8.49739572 8.19189415 8.04081234 9.76536757 9.15455462 8.59064535 Meis1 8.29093013 0 7.29725525 7.26528892 8.67247017 9.42229127 Mllt3 5.89848994 0 0 6.69623752 4.4179384 3.79041107 Mpl 11.2861484 0 11.0645033 10.5099396 9.03000686 11.3155121 Muc13 8.25899032 0 8.64152378 9.29492519 10.7390115 9.98391777 Myb 12.4569362 0 12.2263569 12.4668319 11.4934181 12.0411759 Myc 7.58661569 6.21232154 9.20695093 8.73071418 9.41854475 10.7856834 Mycn 12.9947643 0 13.0918794 13.9626228 12.9338862 12.4445334 Ndn 8.80844917 6.48582533 0 10.4252572 8.84853759 9.65347239 Nfat5 10.4466948 9.45749742 10.690876 10.0164749 10.9448261 10.5579754 Nfia 9.61905092 0 7.82309617 10.1397415 0 10.3055652 Nfkb1 0 0 0 0 0 2.96900953 Notch1 0 0 9.29999671 0 7.33702794 0 Pax4 0 0 0 3.25862559 0 0 Pax5 0 8.92648494 0 0 0 0 Pax9 2.08863054 0 0 0 0 5.05619592 Pbx1 1.42391331 0 0 0 0 0 PIk3ca 8.96748889 6.64436068 9.27732513 8.90571616 7.62247587 8.4100092 PIk3R2 9.65824684 0 9.22847732 7.39263343 0 4.40944775 Plag1 0 0 7.01820576 7.02904616 3.5641265 0 Prf1 0 0 0 0 1.57408799 0 Pten 10.9497819 0 10.2918594 8.92771496 10.4641876 10.3191806 Rb1 8.96820297 10.0038452 9.14142412 9.85888737 8.18977625 9.89607842 Rora 5.35194121 4.24098601 5.85010593 4.61334456 5.97348017 8.17380426 Runx1 0 7.58178739 8.9334852 0 7.0497458 0 Runx2 4.95241455 0 0 0 5.41048102 5.81273837 Satb1 0 0 0 0 7.86361531 0 Sdpr 0 0 0 0 2.58354882 3.26451236 Sell 0 0 2.34457587 0 0 0 Sfpi1 9.71796118 7.47768178 8.88184673 7.30312418 8.77086956 10.3270219 Slamf1 8.97990603 0 3.04564598 8.47261051 7.18152704 8.21009783 Smarca4 10.4765281 3.61354971 10.1872564 10.8633232 8.60015526 10.9354338 Sos1 4.33343207 0 3.63532361 0 5.53536226 6.14254392 Stat1 3.23775129 0.21307953 7.58861399 3.02927896 8.80721388 3.51485392 Stat3 10.6966168 7.76941207 10.6364369 10.0799192 10.5294486 11.2164717 Stat4 9.20300453 0 7.8248698 9.2674567 8.94657563 9.64694998 Stat6 9.03894911 8.52947719 9.97364377 9.05233066 9.64957237 11.0757572 Suz12 6.16330105 5.48666925 9.32289767 8.71099601 7.89367605 8.06855486 Tal1 8.36403791 0 2.33394532 0 1.38047772 0 Tcf3 10.4218407 9.72305906 0 0 8.61448405 0 Tcf4 9.16127496 9.85224012 11.534616 11.3598757 5.53155003 8.0963221 Tcf7 0 0 0 0 0 1.57791407 Tek 0 0 0 7.32114021 0 6.95981526 Tfrc 9.28718925 7.02384574 0 8.22631353 0 9.43880717 Tgfb1 5.88177291 0 0 0 0 0 Tgfb2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tgfb3 0 0 7.27300183 0 0 7.34148597 Tnfrsf1a 8.90379373 7.13050062 8.48751907 8.869291 10.08512 9.56614844 Tnfrsf1b 8.00152361 6.49040287 9.95513535 9.15449888 2.53578357 6.5261916 Tnfrsf21 4.84351147 0 4.60229475 4.67842921 5.52125012 6.58500292 Tnfsf10 5.57895478 0 0 6.17029357 8.11110849 3.52628697 Tnfsf12 0 0 0 5.66296916 5.15470027 2.81029519 Tob1 6.60883404 4.71028925 6.61940548 0 7.53391259 0 vWF 6.42109411 0 7.67992352 6.67113351 6.93148562 7.2346756 Zbtb20 9.18932471 11.395783 9.15649836 8.61284336 8.06915897 9.60060809 Zbtb38 7.24785674 4.49081527 7.78800121 7.85959557 7.66905166 8.13608089 Zfp532 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zfp612 9.06730892 6.8781252 7.30966311 9.19853084 2.55278286 8.83891365 Zfpm1 0 0 7.6939382 5.55204554 0 8.02880897 Zhx2 0 6.41697281 7.21040835 0 5.66262749 9.35665478

TABLE 6-2 Single cell expression data (reduced list)-Control HSC- Factor HSC-Host7 HSC-Host8 HSC-Host9 Host10 CLP1 CLP2 Actb 14.6718473 13.3708842 14.0765648 14.5363732 15.5720296 15.6020418 Aebp2 6.934218 5.38858023 6.92870369 6.83990914 6.91310458 6.13397519 Ahr 6.67106288 0 0 0 0 0 Akt1 8.78938258 10.6910195 9.8127768 10.8956807 10.5882487 9.71594698 Akt2 6.75253581 3.62756205 0 6.81240671 0 5.50111064 Akt3 8.32305076 5.46246892 6.80790868 6.46650561 8.93439362 7.9618537 APC 0 6.36004551 0 6.14208966 3.44926722 0 Bad 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bax 0 8.20505106 7.76032108 10.25022 10.2921476 8.60030468 Bcl11a 7.92077667 3.60167833 0 0 0 0 Bcl11b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bcl2 4.96817114 5.18391882 5.86834513 4.77451604 0 0 Bcl211 10.2036955 9.4735452 9.29507619 9.23047931 10.060975 7.87502531 Bcl2111 0 0 0 8.25557161 0 0 Bmi1 9.60604305 6.56999362 7.5702476 8.14038399 7.42571732 7.00110773 Brd3 2.43074124 7.93247983 5.487038 7.62759044 11.1411249 9.66763681 Casp8 8.13383235 8.73409 8.17193114 9.06003622 9.92872956 9.74113972 Casp9 8.4257186 7.57293558 7.8464349 7.80792483 8.37487536 0 Cbx2 7.07511053 4.48424451 5.84700109 6.23176944 0 6.13244563 Cbx8 0 0 0 4.43331023 2.09486638 0 Ccnc 0 6.2797398 0 6.38691873 6.07677146 7.90773679 Ccnd1 10.0212014 0 9.34071635 0 8.62709974 0 Ccne2 0 6.53512964 6.54945811 6.0438482 7.34684561 6.25723346 CD34 0.01674269 7.67391972 0 10.7870089 0 0 CD41 0 0 0 8.09312343 0 0 CD48 0 0 0 8.10107986 10.5431066 4.18270305 CD52 0 3.64518416 0 0 5.65535037 8.4769989 CD53 8.91469588 0 10.1863121 10.1806135 11.1188968 10.5349358 CD55 7.2980864 7.31878302 0 6.29391433 1.43412606 6.99636364 CD63 8.51246386 6.54126666 7.37134704 6.37418902 0 0 CD9 8.74271831 0 8.72127967 8.8170788 0 0 Cdc42 11.9094394 11.5894082 11.1126665 12.1006451 13.0861829 12.2864927 Cdk1 2.68752057 0 0 11.8397661 11.3123555 0 Cdk4 8.12335302 7.87079584 7.5720236 9.24576955 10.3762179 10.4600518 Cdkn2b 0 0 0 0.35740427 0 0 Cebpa 0 0 5.63552878 0 0 0 Csf1r 0 0 0 0 6.27133994 5.26584779 Ctnnb1 6.79339335 7.40629301 6.87918414 8.36101904 5.95935578 8.05082722 Cycs 10.0442638 7.54030732 9.0344585 10.6654921 11.2529958 11.2582352 Dach1 0 9.84505342 7.97799952 11.9672696 0 0 Dnmt1 8.50686835 7.570001 3.23481103 10.5464652 12.6178625 12.0559888 Dnmt3a 10.0573123 9.34977288 8.47634202 10.5147996 8.06454655 9.25761414 Dnmt3b 8.08236706 7.77693525 7.43902731 6.35981456 8.61270517 0 Dtx1 0 1.20990211 0 2.35858319 0 0 Dtx4 0 0.84530668 0 8.42626641 0 0 Ebf1 0 0 0 0 10.5975489 11.2372886 Ep300 8.67464583 9.2042527 8.90097872 9.29742804 8.73799831 8.9933198 Epor 7.4651798 7.99907556 7.67252065 7.98170347 0.10277376 4.78402129 Erg 11.1082009 7.23780514 10.3502921 10.2615194 12.9408351 11.0993994 Esr1 8.54768834 7.99110915 6.24818597 9.62048384 10.4231044 0 ETS1 6.86365699 4.84774761 8.3168225 6.6480974 13.8494997 11.6438204 ETS2 7.64755071 7.54891501 0 8.17449216 0 0 Etv3 5.78507161 0 5.75634937 3.75032653 4.76128972 2.70875229 Etv6 8.82488989 10.4027054 10.0840126 12.226941 10.5939014 9.97978593 Ezh2 6.34735252 4.06993896 5.66118811 8.83156708 11.5011279 10.4172165 Fas 0 0 5.0587006 0 0 0 Fcgr2b 5.48237699 1.56950279 6.50908621 6.14234211 3.36211875 0 Fcgr3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fli1 10.6505478 9.64542823 11.1441998 11.6211551 10.9483997 10.3713463 Flt3 0 0 0 9.55475223 0 0 Fosl1 0 0 0 1.86707308 0 8.47337507 Foxo1 7.87606422 9.05152117 9.80912191 11.1420747 11.6728318 10.918137 Foxo3 8.4243012 7.7040044 9.07363846 9.75726551 6.51553987 6.92529651 Gapdh 7.84932494 8.15466782 8.21027854 8.00493653 12.3780006 11.3641618 Gata1 0 0 1.32627298 4.99268331 0 0 Gata2 7.1358369 7.84253879 7.5357683 4.15447711 0 0 Gata3 9.23864702 7.08926856 7.70423652 9.1691048 6.33257429 0 Gfi1 8.4722437 0 2.45881453 8.01637799 0 6.71345188 Gfi1b 9.78145684 0 0 7.14731375 0 0 Hes5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hey1 0 0 0 0.50104001 0 0 Hlf 10.4196373 7.93837692 9.25512238 9.64501202 0 0 Id2 0 0 0 0.37307203 0 0 Ifi203 11.2385326 10.675148 11.1293957 11.5993821 13.2875382 10.2274453 Ifi205 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ifitm1 11.8294232 11.1006374 12.8299047 11.7081516 0 0 Ikzf1 10.4603278 7.9081258 8.39039117 9.30500104 11.2708394 10.4757841 Ikzf2 8.66069698 0 8.07815335 9.24251035 0 0 Il7R 0 0 0 0 3.86371591 4.80700829 Irf4 0 0 0 0 9.2290601 10.2309003 Irf6 2.64609076 0 4.55767937 4.22209488 0 0 Irf8 0 1.57386134 0 8.84149401 0 8.81600274 Kdr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kit 12.2681758 11.1853776 11.5755541 11.3487544 10.3091102 9.16742564 Klf1 0 0 5.19001782 2.69496283 0 0 Klf12 8.99195223 6.89401764 0 0 4.77266959 7.98400431 Ldb1 10.7730297 9.4520141 9.55889768 9.47012092 8.99931122 10.47084 Lin28a 6.21043595 5.10100157 8.34850576 7.64045938 7.50871774 9.03894646 Lmo2 11.5565524 9.01389959 10.9404097 10.1650659 4.46826015 6.2900714 Ly6a 10.274331 8.62489906 10.9730888 0.67547765 0 0 Lyl1 3.44144381 7.53639677 6.92249445 8.41401114 7.99916677 8.4577076 Mbd2 7.07180263 8.80305911 9.83435118 7.32171913 11.0889587 11.1378285 Meis1 7.80771805 6.57260088 8.3801574 6.64771096 0 5.32655256 Mllt3 5.27987488 4.98216842 0 4.98006428 0 0.43104733 Mpl 9.95026098 9.29878047 10.5382189 8.92503515 0 0 Muc13 9.58693895 5.98850625 10.5817646 10.34105 0 0 Myb 11.9113929 11.3263068 9.38747922 12.0083232 13.2716596 13.3551636 Myc 0 7.55865639 5.71326556 9.60742235 0 7.03978632 Mycn 9.2475789 11.2225067 12.0059366 9.17037192 0 0 Ndn 9.34022589 8.94700354 8.72830108 7.25627641 0 0 Nfat5 10.9266838 10.3886042 10.2456748 9.51279929 3.18257792 0 Nfia 9.8356555 8.60236457 8.92289712 10.0014286 8.2885559 0 Nfkb1 0 0 4.48890776 0 3.74973604 0 Notch1 7.66102275 0 6.91201627 8.32291131 7.91814495 7.36965349 Pax4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pax5 0 0 0 0 9.67689902 11.6203933 Pax9 0 0 0 0.57036927 4.48973549 0 Pbx1 5.69269047 0 5.43069763 0 0 0 PIk3ca 0 7.18092062 7.27208139 9.05710063 9.40185149 9.55052543 PIk3R2 0 0 7.5160141 8.56807024 9.73539407 0 Plag1 7.73898932 7.96365738 8.07352148 0 0 0 Prf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pten 10.1342741 9.78469549 9.33811703 11.1785408 10.1894192 10.4359312 Rb1 9.29604621 9.27765839 7.51678183 8.27880038 11.9054276 10.9424567 Rora 6.10890584 7.3877893 8.15836998 5.4939429 0 0 Runx1 0 7.76888704 8.78603048 7.67062362 8.305547 0 Runx2 0 3.79386494 3.6008219 5.35557258 0 0 Satb1 0 0 0 8.99400379 10.1837922 8.39346313 Sdpr 5.78136407 4.21076733 0 0.82691288 0 0 Sell 0 0 1.61946707 0 0 0 Sfpi1 10.0042663 9.37371199 9.15518065 9.65832452 0 9.26882608 Slamf1 7.81411202 6.8594725 7.95128279 0 0 0 Smarca4 10.3380905 7.42905599 9.2510329 11.5218685 14.4938783 13.4081997 Sos1 0 0 6.5261554 6.79179662 0 5.43289492 Stat1 1.71494059 0 0 3.42562416 5.64062199 0 Stat3 10.7412032 8.92068828 8.96113036 10.4989945 8.68504508 8.21020662 Stat4 9.21395012 9.36252836 9.57705104 8.5317536 0 0.65364229 Stat6 8.27498229 8.51520973 8.34381559 8.60680209 10.1139186 9.61023286 Suz12 8.36186765 7.85222591 8.01568165 9.19083991 12.1912291 10.7847116 Tal1 1.22646608 0 0 0.85919234 8.29002547 0 Tcf3 0 10.0641005 0 0 10.2329064 9.57044442 Tcf4 10.3945958 8.86390901 9.93214915 10.6432336 11.5584564 11.0576929 Tcf7 1.59196764 0 0.92915579 0 0 5.45500333 Tek 0 0 0 7.77878275 0 0 Tfrc 4.90970417 8.02894875 7.93433882 7.81882114 10.1158882 10.2735536 Tgfb1 0 3.32919416 5.90260252 3.25808206 3.7705399 0 Tgfb2 0 0 0 3.22432655 0 3.37538454 Tgfb3 0 6.69135338 1.40782238 3.95650619 0 0 Tnfrsf1a 9.92981833 7.3738534 8.64338251 8.24251812 0 0 Tnfrsf1b 8.93673702 9.48765082 9.5506678 6.21083423 3.78885776 3.73572941 Tnfrsf2l 4.89969433 0 6.93921933 7.10963898 0 0 Tnfsf10 7.10728827 0 0 1.58582089 7.14613579 8.05630727 Tnfsf12 3.38261217 0 2.19082075 0 0 0 Tob1 0 5.20593174 0 0 0 0 vWF 4.95948597 6.28053967 5.43694051 0 0 0 Zbtb20 9.61893778 9.81916761 9.00655347 7.72955135 0 0 Zbtb38 9.10026874 6.185996 7.56423848 6.82663886 7.73312626 3.84361329 Zfp532 0 0 0 0 0.10416971 0 Zfp612 5.28324577 6.48139199 8.74136356 5.56744079 0 6.50143494 Zfpm1 8.58664951 6.0911617 8.1830324 0 6.44606012 5.62364305 Zhx2 7.56629134 7.63051187 0 5.24483627 0 0

TABLE 6-3 Single cell expression data (reduced list)-Control Factor CLP3 CLP4 CLP5 CLP6 CLP7 CLP8 Actb 13.4721085 15.2351724 15.2719547 16.31177 16.919695 17.0516789 Aebp2 4.45141147 4.38441532 7.10616819 6.49378333 7.1531144 5.6116867 Ahr 0 0 7.00481198 0 0 0 Akt1 7.3884758 9.17609503 9.55146467 10.0057847 10.2031478 11.1623017 Akt2 1.87065597 0 0 0 7.27787365 0 Akt3 7.14641592 0 0 8.91809255 8.53101085 8.95553865 APC 0 0 7.27741159 0 9.72461612 0 Bad 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bax 5.64368167 7.7793443 7.96170511 9.7217077 11.9875259 11.9783765 Bcl11a 0 0 0 0 8.6331668 9.1297033 Bcl11b 0 0 0 8.64946621 0 0 Bcl2 0 0 0 4.47644651 4.63608396 0 Bcl211 4.6189348 0 10.2286999 10.9686351 10.604158 11.3030776 Bcl2111 4.8989012 0 8.32168555 0 0 0 Bmi1 3.17094341 6.36759845 5.13831255 6.9969786 8.36369633 7.04410175 Brd3 6.59116273 8.85891039 10.3417165 10.3202288 11.5288449 11.1568732 Casp8 9.02211423 8.05947856 9.77788318 10.1196359 11.9218075 10.3568659 Casp9 5.06149028 0 0 0 8.30557433 9.75192608 Cbx2 4.42759599 7.57182896 2.65329776 8.35205791 6.1484868 7.77479327 Cbx8 0 0 0 7.10684953 0 0 Ccnc 3.70061852 7.15959988 8.92627786 8.61131431 9.6072497 9.48325249 Ccnd1 0 2.93758213 0 0 10.6400803 0 Ccne2 5.21666008 7.17885114 11.5186474 0 9.77794018 10.5222899 CD34 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD41 6.34043371 0 0 0 0 0 CD48 0 7.57200005 9.20489806 9.11301325 12.225357 9.60365514 CD52 7.65018871 7.48017023 7.43352856 0 12.104936 12.1008653 CD53 10.1411695 7.84826499 9.96783218 10.4527685 10.929522 11.4800078 CD55 7.0314255 0 0 0 0 0 CD63 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD9 0 0 0 0 0 7.60428115 Cdc42 11.4392736 12.714625 12.1761207 13.5034801 13.8493379 13.7053792 Cdk1 6.69762232 0 9.85122167 11.4158803 12.1196679 12.4467872 Cdk4 5.98607517 6.97494046 9.31645941 10.220209 12.7159863 12.2210916 Cdkn2b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cebpa 0 3.58268727 0 0 0 0 Csf1r 0 0 1.65538427 3.97435095 8.52442108 0 Ctnnb1 3.62240099 6.62276734 7.86637465 7.51682333 9.83553487 10.0053905 Cycs 9.02261009 11.2219931 12.0781554 10.7960042 14.1072249 14.0649415 Dach1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dnmt1 9.22693253 9.45595878 12.0119534 12.2094736 13.5638023 13.6951805 Dnmt3a 10.1899327 10.0717063 9.85756039 6.45117101 8.59850296 10.3104357 Dnmt3b 0 0 0 8.47080648 9.14187427 5.69957905 Dtx1 1.994687 4.40399225 3.53694035 1.04383263 0.47312172 3.02752053 Dtx4 3.40004889 0 2.47750396 0 9.02141488 8.78305504 Ebf1 9.85337813 10.0549087 10.0192028 10.3755802 10.3006671 10.0964241 Ep300 8.7177225 7.49266991 9.85202509 10.4082795 9.68961902 9.97406922 Epor 2.12061309 0 3.84685187 4.15570632 3.80975151 5.26571959 Erg 9.92070322 10.2435688 11.5232616 11.7222598 12.279183 12.5339555 Esr1 8.69677383 10.4600212 10.205356 8.31154408 7.71734777 0 ETS1 11.3057093 12.1559856 12.6586051 12.5933092 12.1381441 12.9889476 ETS2 0 0 9.6997688 8.36290987 8.2095168 0.73462164 Etv3 0 3.38933838 0 3.43657627 6.61600906 2.44247804 Etv6 0 0 8.65286731 10.7013694 10.9628988 10.3361814 Ezh2 8.02471927 8.50978683 12.1912021 10.8533753 11.493762 11.5119798 Fas 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fcgr2b 7.6797349 0 0 0 0 0 Fcgr3 0 0 0 6.10259634 0 0 Fli1 9.93711884 10.9464019 11.1285519 9.54487089 10.8365241 11.5533691 Flt3 0 0 0 0 9.56640355 10.3432711 Fosl1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Foxo1 11.0966868 8.79275995 11.8050162 12.7164993 12.8446053 12.3408678 Foxo3 3.57817888 6.51216426 0 6.58016006 7.771922 8.46989317 Gapdh 5.85168672 10.6505893 12.1850341 12.4040061 13.3572594 13.192243 Gata1 6.47274743 0 0 2.62704169 3.52126724 0 Gata2 0 0 0.36206896 0 0 0 Gata3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gfi1 5.89645562 0 8.17908872 0 4.89958389 2.83324318 Gfi1b 7.35569282 0 0 0 0 0 Hes5 2.85354691 0 0 0 6.33604471 0 Hey1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hlf 0 0 0 0 0 0 Id2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ifi203 11.7954894 10.973362 11.001131 11.4270334 12.5609017 10.7759677 Ifi205 0 0 0 0 0 8.09318704 Ifitm1 0 0 0 2.84027402 0 0 Ikzf1 9.73388122 8.31161283 9.89390965 8.89596541 11.5318373 11.7353046 Ikzf2 7.68319581 0 0 0 0 0 Il7R 3.50218592 3.36711209 5.2921046 4.8044562 5.550561 6.76651483 Irf4 9.79482653 0 9.58168074 8.08809386 7.5643288 2.25516181 Irf6 0 4.76893306 4.55078055 0 2.82795862 2.04839193 Irf8 7.95992816 10.1806094 7.75876351 8.80670344 11.7480118 9.73229364 Kdr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kit 0.53419079 0 9.96379129 10.7375717 10.2201977 9.16826777 Klf1 6.82013214 0 0 1.0024718 0 0 Klf12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ldb1 9.90431329 9.96028836 11.2260518 9.83927772 11.895041 11.7935625 Lin28a 5.35085436 7.33632529 6.44890786 6.34118404 6.36516284 9.37400697 Lmo2 6.46868712 4.61214257 5.14599266 5.60258194 6.56246105 3.9775212 Ly6a 0 3.53194881 0 0.37013501 7.4460115 10.5913393 Lyl1 9.3983485 8.54480739 7.34706955 9.10668449 11.3876375 7.64786048 Mbd2 8.94182953 9.36449253 10.2060984 9.52243477 11.5407023 12.2595821 Meis1 0 0 5.21224582 5.79085752 5.40464488 0 Mllt3 0 0 0 2.11014429 0 2.59630677 Mpl 0 0 0 4.02311498 0 0 Muc13 0 2.57260911 0 0 0 0 Myb 12.3033699 12.488897 12.3730793 12.3171025 13.0048416 12.7052775 Myc 5.93099913 11.6265583 0 0 14.0060868 10.9410236 Mycn 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ndn 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nfat5 7.24590475 5.59931195 10.8263667 6.57678171 8.07891887 6.14435558 Nfia 8.37013642 8.26157976 10.2847505 8.23082089 0 8.96451019 Nfkb1 0 0 4.99179474 0 3.6973326 6.1512888 Notch1 8.10251427 0 0 0 8.45173916 8.82084626 Pax4 0 0 0 4.36397603 3.43221858 0 Pax5 9.34367693 9.92404452 9.77304 11.0122144 10.3872408 10.8331107 Pax9 0 0 5.18709971 0 3.29966428 0 Pbx1 0 0 0 0 0 0 PIk3ca 9.63937118 6.79728215 11.3857624 10.7462144 9.15262138 10.9538129 PIk3R2 7.90901728 7.26209506 8.54304817 8.37704722 9.50572232 9.62140977 Plag1 0 0 0 5.97796547 0 0 Prf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pten 9.72285323 11.0091543 10.636038 10.0259098 11.7798461 10.8939695 Rb1 9.00979222 8.85052189 11.0074341 12.0368206 11.2827 12.2052216 Rora 0 0 0 0 0 0 Runx1 3.35520365 8.41018156 0 7.20098788 10.3169336 7.21605593 Runx2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Satb1 10.3474498 0 10.4087951 10.4125548 11.5917762 10.8352979 Sdpr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sell 0 0 0 9.4220848 11.0820261 0 Sfpi1 0 6.01015121 9.2965798 0 9.91399926 8.59032855 Slamf1 0 0 0 5.98712463 0 0 Smarca4 13.439393 12.5294897 14.6724616 15.0680818 14.5786721 13.7911882 Sos1 0.97380716 6.19138786 0 5.38334215 7.45674234 7.50591767 Stat1 0.7689796 6.50704145 0 0.30611506 2.57411315 0 Stat3 0 8.93991247 0 6.7379161 10.502702 0 Stat4 6.56531371 6.26156325 7.27133959 8.37209933 7.78457398 6.6457098 Stat6 7.7239777 8.43459593 9.892434 9.03877839 10.1786368 3.86022053 Suz12 9.22489651 0 10.0290041 12.3349832 12.611291 13.0733851 Tal1 0 0 6.67626014 6.82238434 7.45135976 3.68581347 Tcf3 3.3752031 0 7.69136582 8.65824457 9.6940747 8.57311453 Tcf4 11.1561631 9.47548756 10.1792855 11.8284673 11.6158594 10.8851719 Tcf7 0 0 1.68581989 0 1.46116868 6.50226768 Tek 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tfrc 8.384231 8.62609735 8.72228476 9.79712611 12.2298851 12.6617066 Tgfb1 0 1.30714129 0 0 8.57409133 4.42951853 Tgfb2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tgfb3 0 0 0 5.906968 6.8247631 0 Tnfrsf1a 0 0 8.13776036 0 6.6654212 0 Tnfrsf1b 5.48788691 0 0 0 8.83222639 0 Tnfrsf21 0 3.83171313 4.44763219 5.66301599 6.31162299 5.70640904 Tnfsf10 0 0 7.49803338 0 7.18042827 0 Tnfsf12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tob1 0 4.40571001 0 0 0 0 vWF 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zbtb20 8.29135619 0 8.47708838 0 0 8.27839243 Zbtb38 8.58554038 0.99042294 8.02102069 0 0 7.24565903 Zfp532 0 3.87621119 2.9154077 0 4.19402652 3.24319594 Zfp612 1.03716649 0 2.11894576 6.50227904 7.64231508 7.61374585 Zfpm1 6.66189343 0 3.0682001 0 0 0 Zhx2 8.44133547 0 0 0 0 9.15911003

TABLE 6-4 Single cell expression data (reduced list)-Control Factor CLP9 CLP10 CMP1 CMP2 CMP3 CMP4 Actb 16.7472085 16.8352612 16.8602626 16.1110931 14.4827986 15.0603357 Aebp2 5.10557045 3.3120632 5.90217636 5.99828664 4.16296449 5.95408203 Ahr 7.89043699 0 0 0 0 0 Akt1 8.18148335 8.76665238 9.82206378 10.7068971 8.0750109 9.71182542 Akt2 0 0 4.73623383 5.90460679 0 5.31671466 Akt3 7.62109377 8.60100117 10.3161486 9.89323892 7.25420238 7.89506854 APC 0 0 0 6.42364613 0 1.66166347 Bad 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bax 9.29238441 8.3822507 9.02204677 9.89324281 0 8.05690985 Bcl11a 10.3227685 0 0 0 0 0 Bcl11b 4.17625304 3.92709271 0 0 0 6.87178744 Bcl2 5.16525658 0 0 0 0 7.99225602 Bcl211 8.3489033 9.55544552 0 8.39669119 0 0 Bcl2111 0 4.95609125 9.99775747 9.90050891 8.99255245 2.85336974 Bmi1 7.02747752 7.05328898 6.44377861 6.35815343 0 5.61256235 Brd3 10.4902324 10.3566216 9.01263098 11.3736884 9.51822117 10.0173723 Casp8 10.3220679 10.7369556 9.56591918 12.353426 10.3690709 10.4324467 Casp9 0 0 0 8.91438552 0 9.50719509 Cbx2 5.63357469 5.32126348 0 6.26420923 0 4.88635048 Cbx8 0 4.8985443 0 0 0 0 Ccnc 9.44462333 10.6012883 8.71922383 8.09587133 7.39164169 7.88535554 Ccnd1 13.1309938 8.71442109 10.4720419 7.63908907 0 7.37626749 Ccne2 0 8.35161245 0 7.74541722 0 0 CD34 0 0 0 11.0938464 0 10.9563356 CD41 0 0 0 10.8578571 10.6626378 0 CD48 10.1531953 9.61840884 11.7599349 12.6456392 7.70003657 10.4526615 CD52 11.7226951 10.1559179 12.0658796 10.3906592 0 7.66859187 CD53 12.8012579 11.5337875 11.257362 13.1982289 0 11.0963127 CD55 0 0 0 0 8.8819203 0 CD63 0 0 6.94398394 9.24084619 0 6.92519888 CD9 7.17538049 0 8.11834259 0 0 7.63859446 Cdc42 12.9539909 13.4145126 14.1395004 13.5734692 12.5791339 12.8894502 Cdk1 11.2702793 11.3939722 0.20875207 11.1428913 0 0 Cdk4 8.41570405 11.076971 6.87263164 10.9598136 9.6088668 10.5827767 Cdkn2b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cebpa 0.89723358 0 10.2311173 13.4808053 8.18762349 11.6632459 Csf1r 0.68220487 0 8.91048376 8.52043829 7.87011519 9.68797102 Ctnnb1 6.632855 7.60076967 4.83416648 8.15260001 5.67395641 6.9102424 Cycs 10.3257774 11.5926 11.9196287 13.2793334 7.61714986 10.435771 Dach1 0 0 0 11.8661392 9.79500635 0 Dnmt1 10.9639197 10.9779133 9.7927147 13.2742978 6.43285115 11.5344213 Dnmt3a 10.1312258 10.6116941 0.01680684 11.2120611 10.1685075 9.93533932 Dnmt3b 6.02587145 0 0.28023125 10.9143614 8.14598611 11.5847104 Dtx1 0 0 1.92305529 0 0 2.30151059 Dtx4 9.68534196 5.647952 0 4.77885166 0 0 Ebf1 0 0 0 0 0 6.27167952 Ep300 10.430224 10.5649677 10.9844624 11.2861422 10.0900532 10.0078637 Epor 6.0607173 5.65375289 6.31948929 5.15194981 4.40969335 2.82619662 Erg 0 0 0 12.0363518 10.0931312 10.5218299 Esr1 10.9412325 8.69857347 0 8.23822017 0 8.23908889 ETS1 12.3373625 12.1142197 0 0 0 0 ETS2 6.29583632 0 0 0.68650314 0 6.35073519 Etv3 4.3355231 4.42802306 5.32393809 5.87942342 0 3.92981296 Etv6 8.83941501 0 8.61360798 12.0360378 10.3250242 10.9028847 Ezh2 8.85028888 10.0605202 7.27389146 9.32121342 7.38296829 10.0425905 Fas 0 0 0 4.30798527 7.17965527 0 Fcgr2b 0 0 7.77302706 7.68233416 0 0 Fcgr3 0 0 2.16280252 7.43345552 0 0 Fli1 10.3126762 11.0853737 8.11430154 9.84452071 11.0778188 10.5409282 Flt3 10.8733788 11.8851759 10.4953795 8.72900327 0 11.9407693 Fosl1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Foxo1 12.9862277 0 9.12833227 10.3210046 8.57814146 10.4483982 Foxo3 9.35939781 9.17812532 7.75264584 8.79843273 7.38358954 9.91435082 Gapdh 12.0414546 10.6649131 8.59496634 13.2322627 9.24678558 10.5425893 Gata1 2.47237968 5.18777488 0 0 9.92586716 0 Gata2 0 1.70095059 0 5.59893348 5.27123302 2.16028386 Gata3 0 5.17595033 0 0 0 6.05524501 Gfi1 3.35012985 0 0 5.30002147 3.26363882 6.13120183 Gfi1b 0 8.53467602 0 10.0611223 11.6926351 8.75372639 Hes5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hey1 0 1.04367745 0 0 0 0 Hlf 0 0 0 7.97611682 7.82618822 9.46609084 Id2 8.21405404 0 9.70225491 5.84854144 0 4.38699582 Ifi203 13.121305 11.7715254 13.5766403 10.4527001 10.3475725 11.3925667 Ifi205 0 0 12.6181685 0 0 0 Ifitm1 9.57706163 0 0 9.63434379 11.5761744 11.1838971 Ikzf1 12.4531104 12.1544134 10.0753763 10.6241986 9.99327753 10.5079787 Ikzf2 0 0 0 11.2294386 10.0871853 10.8948866 Il7R 2.6756414 3.11340227 0 0 0 0 Irf4 10.9460654 0 7.83866655 0 0 0 Irf6 3.75002159 0 0 0 0 0 Irf8 0 14.7096031 14.2888668 0 0 8.8628089 Kdr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kit 0.24445292 0.50621599 11.0295653 12.5726203 12.3791378 12.0919625 Klf1 5.84397562 0 0 0 8.46482083 0 Klf12 8.05086964 0 0 0 0 0 Ldb1 11.2686965 8.12945947 8.68054007 11.6527152 12.2469401 11.316521 Lin28a 1.96158082 6.99342123 5.60046956 8.55574345 6.63350297 8.68718725 Lmo2 3.89774451 8.38732066 8.20469078 10.3169241 5.11243451 9.84586404 Ly6a 8.85142518 0 0 0 4.09411947 0 Lyl1 0 9.75810271 0 0 0 9.50789901 Mbd2 11.5068886 11.2014367 11.5257283 11.0058202 9.54315445 10.0659452 Meis1 8.51879687 0 0 4.87021647 0 0 Mllt3 1.72128743 0 0 0 0 1.98967093 Mpl 0 5.37493792 0 0 4.57579908 8.42884537 Muc13 0 0 7.94365244 12.3910631 9.66287501 9.27532572 Myb 8.92481613 11.9021578 7.74778663 13.4608829 13.6082862 12.5062084 Myc 0 0 9.66579628 13.1468373 11.1237836 12.2368797 Mycn 0 0 0 0 4.71550783 0 Ndn 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nfat5 1.68337396 6.42382445 8.11771068 8.50241858 8.29542914 6.81510443 Nfia 11.1966351 0.51538312 8.76871243 10.4414063 8.37541044 0 Nfkb1 6.28053175 4.20047424 7.24237126 3.02501649 0 0 Notch1 9.23968393 9.80621601 0 0 0 9.04276389 Pax4 0 4.30341437 0 0 4.67280508 3.18275178 Pax5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pax9 0 5.11348672 0 0 0 0 Pbx1 0 0 0 0 0 2.85814132 PIk3ca 10.7501901 10.4597043 8.71137418 8.63082063 10.2150339 9.12110399 PIk3R2 0 0 0 8.41565889 0 8.86044462 Plag1 0 0 0 5.73253318 0 0 Prf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pten 10.402978 10.7323361 8.45327824 9.15804062 8.02557223 9.55214218 Rb1 11.5095723 10.3228048 11.0518462 8.80830469 10.975973 10.2070756 Rora 0 0 0 10.3525123 0 0 Runx1 0 10.5448042 8.49404453 9.79896396 8.32589216 0 Runx2 9.55408881 8.83337957 8.58263825 5.6671043 0 6.59981576 Satb1 10.6618569 10.6425259 11.0333257 10.4623762 5.50666657 11.6829394 Sdpr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sell 13.3986811 12.636786 11.8418847 12.1758077 8.32310492 10.6231619 Sfpi1 10.755918 10.840172 10.234157 11.6285965 4.19803029 10.180779 Slamf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Smarca4 12.4059967 12.3958203 10.7430601 12.6426923 9.78305678 11.6074547 Sos1 1.96984274 7.60327488 8.55093991 7.00950203 7.97175828 7.25923732 Stat1 0.57217994 4.66285063 8.17622822 7.02260834 5.60396427 6.85302887 Stat3 12.1553826 10.5962174 10.1047053 10.4043949 10.6890265 11.1026336 Stat4 11.2376366 0 0 8.1182282 0 6.31665833 Stat6 10.4721199 9.57987162 0 10.8577127 8.31312981 8.9859846 Suz12 8.50068008 11.8114564 10.0842116 11.4415014 8.88768825 10.3591033 Tal1 0 0 7.35199805 7.41118762 0 3.34846603 Tcf3 6.0690736 6.37460317 0 0 7.14327082 10.0950413 Tcf4 13.9829509 13.2477205 11.1633078 10.5566707 10.2373849 11.9154368 Tcf7 12.5483718 0 0 0 0 0 Tek 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tfrc 11.5310872 13.6794866 8.69647395 10.1124605 9.94594668 8.66198046 Tgfb1 0 0 0 8.39098114 0 0 Tgfb2 2.54299473 0 0 0 0 0 Tgfb3 1.83073988 0 0 0 0 0 Tnfrsf1a 0 0 10.5575923 10.2288397 5.8586183 10.085531 Tnfrsf1b 5.27266462 0 0 10.3201112 0.95315427 0.80836534 Tnfrsf21 0.70732573 0 6.05902828 7.64675137 0 7.86021375 Tnfsf10 4.81322759 0 3.8552827 7.3711495 0 0 Tnfsf12 0 0 4.39444523 0 0 0 Tob1 3.38203155 0 7.3702815 8.22337837 0 5.83579043 vWF 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zbtb20 6.49874585 8.98366904 7.76355827 7.5019406 9.51185133 9.03587558 Zbtb38 6.31337663 0 8.66735889 8.88619321 8.85030113 7.99157356 Zfp532 0 0 4.28968013 0 2.01705667 3.84180886 Zfp612 5.14316607 0 1.45139554 6.82565849 0 4.40273428 Zfpm1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zhx2 0 1.36199848 9.44707427 0 0 6.34007356

TABLE 6-5 Single cell expression data (reduced list)-Control Factor CMP5 CMP6 CMP7 CMP8 CMP9 CMP10 Actb 17.3394053 14.6706888 15.3006859 15.6706136 16.2161296 16.2031528 Aebp2 7.48010576 4.52217501 4.85718391 6.22489648 6.15542349 6.65750054 Ahr 0 0 0 0 8.48248567 0 Akt1 11.0295746 9.13888127 8.50202567 9.48522978 9.83325343 10.1423732 Akt2 5.6982268 6.43649925 0 6.54782485 5.67097403 6.91885001 Akt3 10.7535896 5.05597233 8.96329552 9.39938997 8.41514892 8.63112027 APC 0 0 5.85738488 0 0 8.00067699 Bad 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bax 10.7709938 7.60268797 9.74661453 9.46994606 10.0956302 9.66835081 Bcl11a 7.25102747 0 3.44256113 0 0 0 Bcl11b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bcl2 0 0 5.71221572 8.46600782 4.51709175 7.63420792 Bcl211 0 0 8.642915 9.8449129 9.83242806 11.727409 Bcl2111 4.94361446 6.96342995 0 8.82547082 7.49063229 0 Bmi1 8.04079881 6.47044397 6.99413119 7.02301797 5.66629178 7.29852135 Brd3 11.7497296 9.48652042 10.2279983 10.7336706 9.99622743 10.5589239 Casp8 11.4458868 9.37414266 10.730553 11.5737089 10.042092 11.3341723 Casp9 8.60157869 0.43486175 8.11116214 8.49830047 8.46979801 0 Cbx2 8.14298572 5.42369511 0 2.02852747 6.14976979 0 Cbx8 0 0 0 0 0 6.5352377 Ccnc 9.337732 0 0 0 8.74862406 8.05461177 Ccnd1 12.3424395 0 0 5.08950715 10.3980334 9.67251383 Ccne2 10.6836164 0 0 8.88454106 7.76036683 0 CD34 13.0466336 0 10.0606452 11.7867314 8.70281995 11.9349176 CD41 7.22234749 9.88958898 0 8.74031169 13.4959806 11.1372918 CD48 12.0992452 10.568177 7.88392396 10.8210925 8.89620358 11.2734612 CD52 11.0838001 0 5.49447739 8.00130213 7.2008291 7.95395412 CD53 12.7670824 0 10.9959227 11.3777197 0 0 CD55 0 8.42133148 0 0 9.29531826 0 CD63 9.14519387 0 7.74259128 9.32290779 9.53162102 7.281967 CD9 0 0 0 0 9.68777068 0 Cdc42 14.6585333 12.6841565 13.4268211 13.5192656 13.4441459 13.1256535 Cdk1 10.9097239 6.60224216 0 9.60826336 9.2659687 11.8683968 Cdk4 12.2911932 9.86090165 7.8025631 11.0577815 11.3768742 11.0385295 Cdkn2b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cebpa 12.8418824 0 10.2324455 13.6075773 8.81482957 11.9755884 Csf1r 11.0511238 0 0 10.585565 7.27360003 3.88021025 Ctnnb1 8.35670072 4.81362741 5.97188813 5.22508782 8.07136491 8.28703889 Cycs 14.5377046 11.2691463 10.1789357 13.0405966 12.4297442 13.3283287 Dach1 4.97803655 4.14474045 10.5451334 8.59226416 11.9267309 13.5465833 Dnmt1 12.8726368 10.4919004 0 12.5203344 12.4834927 12.7064491 Dnmt3a 11.0265538 11.1062288 10.9186344 5.45624458 10.3948879 8.98758434 Dnmt3b 10.5790239 0 8.38337161 9.97828774 10.4507647 10.9212224 Dtx1 4.3790403 0 0 0.78348056 4.24129098 0 Dtx4 11.1502546 0 10.8469873 8.96806057 8.43544431 0 Ebf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ep300 10.4632229 10.6518923 9.84642833 10.2654483 11.2467128 10.6061578 Epor 3.12221538 5.0756706 5.30043509 0.65533034 5.10260705 2.33815245 Erg 10.3534511 0 10.8266427 10.3592454 10.8159451 10.2449054 Esr1 10.4969031 0 7.69419665 9.81964633 0 10.7394097 ETS1 0 0 0 0 8.4833129 0 ETS2 4.07083276 8.45916169 8.45527663 0 7.1341973 0.7101611 Etv3 4.43481527 0 0 6.56778632 4.52654183 4.69321163 Etv6 11.1448929 9.69394925 11.1261285 10.0656969 11.7161763 11.8183036 Ezh2 10.8670738 7.48291356 6.20161136 8.65707232 9.49516932 9.8783733 Fas 0 0 0 0 6.62884488 0 Fcgr2b 9.85267441 0 0 8.23013247 0 0 Fcgr3 0 0 8.119839 6.61788198 0 0 Fli1 11.1890149 7.33814185 10.2757687 12.4967795 12.0912236 10.2473636 Flt3 12.6574132 0 8.78397217 8.19832375 0 0 Fosl1 8.40640045 0 0 0 0 0 Foxo1 10.3981463 8.56491822 10.2557995 8.32166089 10.0603533 10.0759643 Foxo3 9.39347931 8.64471911 10.6380669 10.7062816 10.0359107 9.78384345 Gapdh 13.8965059 9.81728739 8.9549559 10.5129808 11.6006197 11.7863478 Gata1 0 11.2237171 8.02113847 0 9.99443513 10.5689067 Gata2 2.95452348 2.89363096 3.76227155 4.70253038 7.1084613 7.11132825 Gata3 0 0 7.93855591 0 5.10350469 2.65446248 Gfi1 0 0 0 6.53413949 0 0 Gfi1b 0 9.24282738 8.39289491 9.64648209 0 0 Hes5 0 1.45446472 0 0 0 0 Hey1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hlf 10.1384281 0 12.7210851 9.7255738 0 7.72908307 Id2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ifi203 12.0764195 0 11.9267051 9.88952822 9.82976425 11.7604599 Ifi205 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ifitm1 10.026959 13.4455145 10.1142515 9.62949447 7.52584164 9.35647384 Ikzf1 11.1162893 10.1776721 9.8444204 9.56063417 9.76312629 10.2802226 Ikzf2 9.29677615 9.26597898 10.0113973 10.6548835 0 11.7095844 Il7R 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf6 0 4.07511467 4.21960052 0 3.38207598 1.77623393 Irf8 11.496976 0.64529505 8.3919475 9.72740536 0 5.4029575 Kdr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kit 12.5171017 12.5279914 12.8127026 13.3103212 12.0370385 12.3472302 Klf1 0 10.8766523 0 0 7.07393535 0 Klf12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ldb1 12.6976636 12.9835097 12.2468903 12.365463 12.0631399 10.863801 Lin28a 6.74728963 7.35105581 6.84975068 6.51455602 4.68753784 6.94552367 Lmo2 10.5379436 9.34407841 10.2403324 11.0343922 11.009923 9.20928647 Ly6a 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lyl1 8.51165848 0 7.37416084 9.52238028 0 8.2113635 Mbd2 10.784295 10.4108785 10.1955821 10.6851427 10.63494 9.7729213 Meis1 1.70692163 0 8.17244297 7.73150896 9.6859662 9.65905238 Mllt3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mpl 0 0 8.32138383 9.02983537 10.6949276 9.03531377 Muc13 10.0268838 10.6859087 10.408149 10.9764924 10.4182397 10.4076086 Myb 13.3352034 13.5300503 12.2422918 13.8875021 12.5291358 12.9438126 Myc 14.3568801 13.271873 11.7486234 13.7517564 13.3585202 13.2342566 Mycn 0 3.51516181 8.22715916 0 12.5856289 9.69546069 Ndn 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nfat5 6.28186815 5.14468333 9.22002325 8.30051998 6.00790584 7.26449937 Nfia 7.45568183 8.69437239 0 9.99729448 0 0 Nfkb1 4.00335392 1.98855259 4.45405858 4.48909452 5.48703027 4.4024728 Notch1 8.69453625 0 7.51819143 9.54735802 0 0 Pax4 0 0.4697586 0 0 1.82857332 0 Pax5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pax9 1.81855969 0 0 0 0 6.9598383 Pbx1 0 4.33008847 0 0 0 0 PIk3ca 11.4126663 7.92679365 10.1322248 10.2563679 10.571161 10.2438679 PIk3R2 10.1509326 7.23727926 10.6194334 0 10.0876344 8.17463706 Plag1 0 8.268993 0 0 8.61635192 8.90930204 Prf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pten 10.0980102 8.44584924 10.8389704 10.0450831 9.96600275 9.11441299 Rb1 10.5049014 11.035184 10.2686739 8.28260838 11.2325685 0 Rora 0 0 9.40803685 0 0 0 Runx1 9.80351196 9.89394529 11.2310772 10.8511201 9.61241397 11.260184 Runx2 7.14600662 0 6.60312795 6.31525159 5.12629061 5.98996282 Satb1 11.6190523 0 10.5185268 9.31688989 0 0 Sdpr 0 0 0 0 3.41819471 0 Sell 13.4721541 2.89807481 11.2017393 12.147405 7.52145725 11.8940425 Sfpi1 12.1814824 0 10.3051236 11.135862 10.6759176 8.61401742 Slamf1 0 0 0 0 8.27576355 0 Smarca4 13.4159099 12.6986337 11.0603738 12.4208763 11.5131011 13.1672711 Sos1 7.05920683 6.93067259 7.46342294 7.99375888 8.94290202 8.2090476 Stat1 6.96525561 3.0714838 3.32406997 6.73484676 2.55117066 1.90884457 Stat3 10.2805664 7.3966824 11.052227 11.4922447 9.33437336 11.3081762 Stat4 7.45961139 0 8.01611823 6.16856977 7.27293514 9.2165467 Stat6 9.84695626 7.3258474 10.0351652 9.04651696 9.68468703 9.93759651 Suz12 12.160067 9.36880984 10.4227735 11.2065549 11.719744 11.4025496 Tal1 4.01061915 6.6880475 7.39995658 0 0 0 Tcf3 9.28106881 8.46463489 10.0783131 6.78607403 8.04893309 7.02457762 Tcf4 11.9822362 10.7280242 10.8947009 10.4060663 9.61927383 10.7021269 Tcf7 5.23267198 1.68626678 0 0 2.66766182 2.23952747 Tek 0 0 0 0 0 8.15055552 Tfrc 11.5315055 10.3078535 8.70556098 0 10.6282683 10.1053058 Tgfb1 8.61614955 5.35612843 0 0 6.65768412 6.16568389 Tgfb2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tgfb3 8.18570265 0 6.23265555 6.9879955 0 6.47320472 Tnfrsf1a 11.3960482 9.71137069 10.5553381 10.0882949 8.80578171 9.01361307 Tnfrsf1b 9.21806977 0 9.61506083 8.80892599 9.64596728 4.62484099 Tnfrsf21 7.08978321 5.63889855 3.52361608 5.13475364 7.18706943 6.49011462 Tnfsf10 0 0 0 7.44776059 0 4.80467952 Tnfsf12 0 0 4.92147767 0 0 6.45276939 Tob1 0 0 4.87096526 0 0 0 vWF 0 0 0 0 0.92959921 0 Zbtb20 8.91468776 7.47378037 8.65801097 6.07085525 7.77205018 9.83080899 Zbtb38 7.61532556 8.16188767 7.21002151 9.37139278 9.52940602 7.19300308 Zfp532 0 4.20413936 0 0 0 2.33025492 Zfp612 6.36251023 0 0 5.89338537 5.72389563 0 Zfpm1 0 7.38814478 0 6.75057183 4.81492174 0 Zhx2 0 10.0153129 0 10.0672844 0 0

TABLE 6-6 Single cell expression data (reduced list)-Control Factor GMP1 GMP2 GMP3 GMP4 GMP5 GMP6 Actb 17.1489215 17.1987952 17.0261935 17.386841 16.8304269 16.7489209 Aebp2 7.38412472 7.37000886 7.67068492 8.3165713 5.4136843 7.57713129 Ahr 0 0 0 0 8.2586416 2.48178389 Akt1 11.235626 11.370018 11.2228314 11.4580108 9.35433585 11.3917982 Akt2 0 5.65369871 6.60168541 7.30834154 7.09194507 7.27954511 Akt3 9.2040554 6.42589774 7.76683642 10.3335 0 0 APC 0 0 10.3835517 0 8.371236 0 Bad 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bax 12.3982935 11.548933 11.7457261 12.5304908 9.63819013 9.58757022 Bcl11a 0 4.8496745 5.5277101 0 0 0 Bcl11b 2.47388586 0 0 3.3676317 4.51519907 0 Bcl2 8.67205883 4.74052395 7.4793676 9.81638057 0 0 Bcl211 11.2985207 10.9107736 8.31831953 10.0601684 7.45200039 0 Bcl2111 9.91590871 8.18472841 7.91574582 8.84722554 10.1748095 6.43500489 Bmi1 7.65085777 4.83187475 9.02271832 6.18509638 7.09454308 7.56761362 Brd3 12.2200241 8.5222524 12.5897181 12.3613327 12.0766338 11.4340477 Casp8 11.9935864 12.4728177 11.2081299 11.7931878 10.6330727 9.95275872 Casp9 9.85784236 9.2795417 10.4608042 9.30079864 8.68972348 8.67710004 Cbx2 8.13468181 6.26338723 4.15904155 2.80402938 0 4.90815454 Cbx8 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ccnc 6.54457096 7.80869339 10.2612515 10.5944974 9.89068237 8.39273481 Ccnd1 8.58525018 9.07320206 0.44602581 11.6985658 0 8.4714389 Ccne2 10.2847235 10.3613222 10.2263111 7.68162663 7.00126105 7.38398862 CD34 9.76737788 11.3493653 12.3762338 12.665751 0.7308249 0 CD41 0 0 9.92285908 10.1379171 0 0 CD48 11.1755703 12.3720324 11.2216769 13.1172131 8.98467946 11.1712268 CD52 12.214887 11.4843836 6.92750614 10.055469 9.88050006 9.66769309 CD53 13.734581 12.9470142 11.5566919 12.0795346 11.4796107 11.6332867 CD55 0 0 0 0 0 1.98400237 CD63 5.83669083 10.6791061 11.1660619 9.5002936 11.8417986 11.5674632 CD9 7.33502006 0 10.0478265 0 9.8535396 9.37192294 Cdc42 15.071603 14.9063997 14.4251672 15.2700451 14.1058059 14.2812027 Cdk1 11.1089539 12.565398 10.0640308 12.9451584 8.92252913 10.3979323 Cdk4 12.1492532 12.2049096 11.3481552 12.5805625 10.3340466 10.1996484 Cdkn2b 0 1.8448054 0 0 0 0 Cebpa 13.5582841 13.0751849 14.1307094 14.8662046 13.3279428 12.940603 Csf1r 13.2965977 9.82859309 9.7227165 12.1147466 7.15970464 7.14539069 Ctnnb1 9.16188305 7.52545352 8.60919966 9.20385918 8.67653144 9.17983079 Cycs 14.5117323 15.5509006 14.3926146 14.8500674 13.3320521 13.6650347 Dach1 10.9910945 8.44938041 12.3883714 8.79080043 10.4536266 10.6691965 Dnmt1 12.9020312 12.4369612 12.7558873 12.902768 11.6602754 11.0715158 Dnmt3a 10.7289813 6.56627584 10.702069 11.2807594 10.0406974 10.0659832 Dnmt3b 9.58857441 6.44688601 10.7118482 10.5910128 8.18039351 7.21703334 Dtx1 3.0913916 0 3.91641931 0 0 0 Dtx4 10.1882254 11.1715529 12.6766112 13.3330567 12.3246264 12.2398755 Ebf1 0 0 0 0 0 6.35563108 Ep300 11.0646985 5.51844512 10.4585713 10.8818586 10.7818993 10.2687707 Epor 4.1948605 5.82587694 4.04624715 4.16263046 4.31309197 5.7777581 Erg 10.0476497 10.8998172 8.31856172 10.7787749 8.41282235 8.00315491 Esr1 0 9.61295568 7.43332756 11.6298664 9.26139595 0 ETS1 0 8.49664543 0 0 11.774333 10.8678821 ETS2 0 7.04070704 8.18875575 0.30773145 9.76422043 0 Etv3 0 5.70625189 4.29581374 5.43089153 4.8703617 1.40350183 Etv6 12.0523052 11.0382089 9.74143581 13.0923382 0 9.61119192 Ezh2 11.652838 11.5860694 11.1993861 11.4872376 10.1109725 10.4391363 Fas 0 0 0 0 0 8.72358173 Fcgr2b 9.19136771 8.72106918 9.14865833 8.70635442 10.0101786 7.27372444 Fcgr3 10.5154928 11.1483415 9.97180324 10.3691572 10.0558965 10.006567 Fli1 12.1113098 10.2964886 11.1111683 13.0309888 12.5529343 13.2435265 Flt3 0 0 0 8.20154666 0 0 Fosl1 9.14818795 0 0 0 0 8.95584384 Foxo1 10.6678286 7.11027738 10.5639142 11.4065349 7.68627588 8.03189028 Foxo3 8.6581534 8.83051249 9.05928824 10.1872797 8.17891127 9.65874783 Gapdh 14.5697489 14.8364814 14.4841585 15.2948511 12.4951942 11.7288864 Gata1 2.68117413 5.3286228 2.40405255 0 6.20074437 0 Gata2 0 0 1.18893452 5.03280609 0 0 Gata3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gfi1 0 9.95120128 10.4607555 10.4250456 10.2403166 9.63774464 Gfi1b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hes5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hey1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hlf 0 0 0 8.36237805 0 0 Id2 0 0 0 0 8.92503527 6.47603665 Ifi203 12.4820599 10.2059101 9.66114357 10.9751352 0 8.43723516 Ifi205 0 4.02559453 0 0 0 0 Ifitm1 0 7.59695531 9.85532823 0 7.57013634 0 Ikzf1 12.0462915 11.0027006 10.1806326 12.6066347 10.1787075 9.1812643 Ikzf2 8.42131399 6.66467431 9.37167983 0 0 0 Il7R 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf6 0 2.58748455 0 0 3.59687181 0 Irf8 13.8990229 12.7012696 0.47691932 14.1636759 1.98646599 0 Kdr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kit 11.4828646 10.9088944 12.3859747 13.5844173 11.2619077 12.5333324 Klf1 0 0 1.53786674 0 1.35001333 0 Klf12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ldb1 11.6022208 12.5920203 10.6653308 12.5336097 11.495488 12.3066988 Lin28a 7.90392609 3.12320396 6.33237234 1.79305028 6.59839184 7.06652167 Lmo2 9.87792981 9.91993508 11.2848458 11.9924048 10.0290151 10.1483392 Ly6a 7.86019166 0 0 7.73891186 7.84163194 0 Lyl1 0 8.217674 9.1254904 9.44826214 8.82368626 8.22225726 Mbd2 12.0598914 12.2588426 11.112991 11.5901371 9.15035566 11.3382915 Meis1 0 0 4.25525076 7.0666261 0 0 Mllt3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mpl 0 0 0 0 0 0 Muc13 6.21902111 6.09924564 10.3554653 9.73058449 0 9.36857432 Myb 12.6635861 11.8365941 14.2028029 14.5090875 13.301967 14.4078534 Myc 9.1352006 14.8322048 14.0818035 15.1689656 10.5951842 12.5380787 Mycn 5.64989123 0 0 0 0 0 Ndn 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nfat5 10.8366496 3.68452734 8.92920727 10.0449498 9.57236112 7.70240307 Nfia 8.66284129 9.64290212 8.28353384 0 0 0 Nfkb1 4.1409895 1.10789555 6.0665323 2.33679964 4.16758728 3.4944722 Notch1 9.67689195 7.78055521 10.5333446 10.0774827 10.2196335 10.5378767 Pax4 0 2.69956228 4.5651786 0 0 0 Pax5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pax9 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pbx1 0 0 0 1.84774739 0 0 PIk3ca 11.6583177 9.35235227 10.3476041 11.0004673 9.86525632 11.9782697 PIk3R2 10.3431352 9.62249368 9.03318404 11.2354698 0 9.21073238 Plag1 2.1446229 0 0 0 0 0 Prf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pten 11.4197765 9.13702301 10.7392588 12.0713175 10.7961825 11.0569877 Rb1 12.3671936 9.29319202 10.4219806 10.1129328 11.381463 10.889451 Rora 0 0 0 0 0 7.95341913 Runx1 13.783041 11.1039612 11.2727924 14.2307475 10.5352512 12.0416809 Runx2 5.65817302 5.03497789 4.41480127 5.28240362 5.90471616 6.86059385 Satb1 9.63218514 0 9.35749111 10.3868222 10.9890151 9.27731882 Sdpr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sell 13.346662 14.2717617 11.4404307 12.6975062 10.7600258 10.916911 Sfpi1 12.9675055 11.9210703 12.4452889 13.2408628 11.6645721 12.6354578 Slamf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Smarca4 12.6576943 11.1882941 13.3524008 13.9464355 12.5556067 12.548269 Sos1 8.75240526 4.47302434 9.76938074 9.21626024 5.77526698 8.46060551 Stat1 7.83159291 5.19471875 1.94245366 3.19107626 3.69538692 4.99541136 Stat3 9.94864616 8.03134798 12.2126573 12.2361408 12.6530163 11.4027843 Stat4 7.30783486 6.44025276 8.04438756 6.41767238 7.74175516 9.24847993 Stat6 11.4183952 7.63189419 11.402629 11.427093 11.1296225 11.0864028 Suz12 12.0645852 9.97123248 12.3070014 12.586926 11.1205885 11.9182639 Tal1 0 0 3.6852286 7.53257554 7.0164346 6.40585349 Tcf3 8.17529451 8.44265648 0.46728578 7.69609118 0.32105529 7.98262856 Tcf4 10.7240061 10.8374419 11.2234939 12.5413021 9.18774076 9.58716005 Tcf7 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tek 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tfrc 11.0749821 12.561574 12.1280736 13.583871 11.1008997 11.8397881 Tgfb1 6.27914163 9.26600463 9.08857843 9.47356083 4.49109661 0 Tgfb2 3.56183374 0 0 0 0 0 Tgfb3 0 0 5.7011227 0.46458839 8.34339661 0 Tnfrsf1a 12.297425 11.7846035 11.7957289 13.0383546 11.8629069 12.0139251 Tnfrsf1b 12.4247113 8.90867624 12.1885403 11.8433223 10.5206013 10.2570003 Tnfrsf21 7.44931949 6.46752449 7.14549464 7.31352162 7.9695614 7.76578158 Tnfsf10 0 1.68498558 6.44830699 5.74757111 6.17892222 0 Tnfsf12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tob1 0 0 0 6.10049513 0 0 vWF 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zbtb20 0 0 0 8.30629918 0 0 Zbtb38 8.27537196 8.75347218 10.5074098 10.1488632 9.05482607 10.0593391 Zfp532 0 1.56494117 0 0 0 2.30677569 Zfp612 0 3.91554231 1.00265837 6.21466929 7.67481421 0.57219649 Zfpm1 0 0 0 5.38371259 0 0 Zhx2 0 6.85838682 0 3.16109771 8.51542476 0

TABLE 6-7 Single cell expression data (reduced list)-Control Factor GMP7 GMP8 GMP9 GMP10 HSC1 HSC2 Actb 16.9514796 17.399739 17.2637454 16.9850638 14.2167236 14.6194148 Aebp2 7.35505455 4.38592355 5.1807596 7.51562781 2.42975426 4.97605754 Ahr 0 8.88485487 10.3510122 0 0 0 Akt1 12.2492506 10.7788814 9.09878888 11.5407814 8.96092519 8.92881088 Akt2 7.07125847 6.57841965 5.05613909 8.09120983 0 5.44823903 Akt3 9.84112573 10.6234887 8.79800603 10.3335926 0 9.31021549 APC 0 0 8.16762557 8.43918267 0 0 Bad 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bax 11.0109809 11.0453066 9.34116544 11.9634436 7.34390449 8.34746535 Bcl11a 0 9.41212409 0 0 8.75277008 0 Bcl11b 0 0 0 1.88740222 0 0 Bcl2 0 0 0 8.52796043 5.87135064 0 Bcl211 9.44244435 10.1472452 0 11.1322976 8.66094346 9.94832245 Bcl2111 10.1673298 0 0 0 0 8.69198824 Bmi1 8.07353481 7.72482902 4.98516188 8.47434036 6.82657462 7.46085956 Brd3 12.6394847 11.2028078 7.11480939 11.8951694 9.33404025 8.63333449 Casp8 11.8613695 9.99564976 9.21248114 11.5898934 0 8.6154989 Casp9 8.59054116 8.91150088 8.46508701 8.65641125 8.2106278 0 Cbx2 4.51981855 0 0 0 0 0 Cbx8 7.59923933 0 0 5.95563266 4.01892229 0 Ccnc 5.81056153 1.75012419 6.70114967 7.82322872 0 7.8085882 Ccnd1 11.5505776 0 10.1157016 9.71290948 0 8.62150748 Ccne2 11.303028 9.04842269 0 9.50031357 0 4.39863781 CD34 12.2237971 0 8.89631259 13.6407341 9.50379181 9.06540049 CD41 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD48 11.4659003 9.71355517 10.4133748 11.4910927 0 0 CD52 9.60985547 9.93196311 12.5022437 10.7028269 0 0 CD53 12.1131339 12.7875274 11.5957042 12.2029543 0 0 CD55 0 0 0 0 6.89471557 7.36408685 CD63 8.93841954 12.146554 0 5.48306679 9.19375582 7.65368115 CD9 0 10.1324772 7.67704046 0 7.8387743 0 Cdc42 14.4664142 14.2907989 14.0122499 15.0649621 11.9634665 12.0459978 Cdk1 11.3777802 8.11959637 0 12.7269855 0 0 Cdk4 12.784903 10.8753402 6.80400834 12.6121689 9.62020787 8.49447754 Cdkn2b 0 0.00701553 0 0 0 0 Cebpa 13.8746339 13.8824666 0 14.641417 0 8.06551113 Csf1r 11.5330216 3.88795501 7.38801037 12.5028245 0.17278247 0 Ctnnb1 8.77284547 8.15585683 7.63240721 9.49085314 7.84991528 6.63261919 Cycs 14.9720652 13.8929845 11.7488184 14.6315404 9.69074953 9.01652869 Dach1 10.0139282 11.094158 0 0 0 9.34452255 Dnmt1 13.8203577 13.062377 8.93180003 12.6151647 8.13040287 8.73259462 Dnmt3a 11.5907989 10.5082482 8.16704073 12.2259286 0 9.03600947 Dnmt3b 10.3460639 8.40852444 0 11.6532099 8.08118305 9.0180945 Dtx1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dtx4 12.3828586 12.8400604 9.87791515 12.95339 0 0 Ebf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ep300 9.94498424 10.2010752 9.23583811 10.6282941 10.4403515 8.59444295 Epor 5.16793546 5.09166176 6.07340251 5.10546348 0 2.7151266 Erg 11.0543498 8.41211355 0 12.089156 10.1146713 11.7537883 Esr1 11.6199962 10.7508391 0 10.3804934 10.0633516 0 ETS1 0 11.8060427 0 2.87560829 10.507867 0 ETS2 0 8.07791161 2.28329408 0.76338635 0 8.47008891 Etv3 5.74740043 7.36604372 0 5.34860303 4.23394023 5.05619729 Etv6 12.9684077 11.0021541 9.73755797 13.9096409 3.98851235 10.7091763 Ezh2 11.2994093 9.96948763 8.77091516 11.243305 0 9.25661058 Fas 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fcgr2b 9.44038194 9.26444191 8.49671511 0 0 7.5507537 Fcgr3 8.9878976 11.2705376 0 7.10105394 0 2.57719687 Fli1 12.3237708 12.3248589 9.73909286 12.1105145 10.3593911 9.96450923 Flt3 12.2416095 0 12.2385762 12.4225757 0 7.96248373 Fosl1 0 0 0 8.07129215 0 0 Foxo1 11.0340434 9.06969139 10.1546488 12.3061817 9.40775249 10.5472402 Foxo3 9.90987077 7.70047424 0 11.2129013 10.4052826 9.57989143 Gapdh 14.3410656 13.3216214 6.17605235 13.0958987 9.71964182 8.2639086 Gata1 0 1.6059749 0 0 0 0 Gata2 4.56581362 0 0 3.24897579 5.55356347 6.52542185 Gata3 8.22656643 0 0 0 8.13700583 7.25082557 Gfi1 9.06056316 11.6538294 0 9.16221659 4.02040206 0 Gfi1b 0 0 0 0 0.25126544 0 Hes5 0 0 0 0 5.25748063 0 Hey1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hlf 8.11935658 7.41139148 0 0 11.998899 13.3665089 Id2 0 9.73284535 11.8927611 0 0 0 Ifi203 10.9125767 1.56076385 10.965723 10.6623233 11.8059937 12.2738519 Ifi205 0 7.49013979 11.8971931 0 0 0 Ifitm1 9.61917406 0 0 11.9413193 13.1252834 12.4718304 Ikzf1 11.9046539 11.2671835 10.14486 12.5650158 8.82268993 9.28321375 Ikzf2 8.46869314 0 0 8.47986869 8.78289078 10.6878177 Il7R 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf6 4.12909642 2.27592361 0 0 5.77682646 0 Irf8 12.9456699 0 13.624962 13.7405608 0 0 Kdr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kit 14.0868279 13.592776 11.2221993 14.0164883 12.0391773 12.8744425 Klf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Klf12 2.66660298 0 0 6.20104085 0 7.38482289 Ldb1 12.285869 11.2819471 10.3063821 12.5631382 10.866794 10.6556867 Lin28a 5.33704681 6.88472231 6.51112264 2.23418642 0.05736793 4.0435655 Lmo2 10.4881207 9.5635547 7.59010325 11.8118436 10.8803219 11.4475084 Ly6a 0 0 0 0 11.3195152 10.5870103 Lyl1 8.61035099 7.73468542 0 10.6447346 0 7.65003858 Mbd2 11.2505579 10.5919527 10.3145503 11.3020134 0 10.1428358 Meis1 4.34410862 0 0 7.55516029 8.67866413 9.02711955 Mllt3 0 0 0 0 7.12963107 2.87940553 Mpl 8.28694489 0 0 0 10.2778907 10.3627362 Muc13 8.74153092 9.29662392 0 11.121408 5.14911074 8.76580934 Myb 13.9147396 14.2812014 0 14.2295701 10.5024756 11.003359 Myc 13.6235281 13.0901273 9.58950863 15.1619084 10.3020722 9.29939524 Mycn 0 7.0328665 0 0 7.93226454 8.80500295 Ndn 0 0 0 0 9.24126109 0 Nfat5 9.56450436 10.5541109 5.24115849 7.8400374 7.82456966 9.32565577 Nfia 10.4800163 0 0 8.6877674 8.3554248 9.44711328 Nfkb1 4.11854617 4.55346432 4.3546122 6.00282408 5.32088492 4.27063216 Notch1 11.0427965 7.69294924 7.4684003 9.6813143 0 9.14014597 Pax4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pax5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pax9 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pbx1 0 2.41999393 0 4.60427348 0 0 PIk3ca 10.5133138 10.9351105 8.30194999 11.8682584 8.19933736 7.15189306 PIk3R2 10.800657 9.31109965 8.14508176 9.89144953 0 8.29464733 Plag1 0 0 0 0 8.62119125 8.41624245 Prf1 6.25999009 0 0 0 0 0 Pten 9.85373481 10.1046387 8.4375715 11.8662431 8.3775621 9.78100476 Rb1 11.4058642 10.524729 9.64537306 10.6398779 0 0 Rora 0 0 0 9.2194702 0 9.92254216 Runx1 12.5823583 11.612649 0 13.1810639 8.13980404 0 Runx2 6.07520491 4.62008078 3.85299235 8.15725883 5.48807374 4.3288158 Satb1 10.3473077 10.4586335 0 12.8507889 0 0 Sdpr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sell 13.1615763 11.0919349 8.27837081 12.9352801 0 0 Sfpi1 12.2685432 12.3834981 11.8275651 12.5999867 9.7600535 0 Slamf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Smarca4 13.9278719 12.4252093 11.4331679 14.0406109 10.7650413 10.4302513 Sos1 7.08440665 9.19453302 0 8.82410076 0 7.80818117 Stat1 7.33456058 8.62844753 3.26903654 4.37970726 2.44310501 2.24193334 Stat3 11.6046184 12.0058285 10.4937808 10.7199143 10.1332837 11.4837559 Stat4 9.89970671 8.7484529 0 10.0534291 7.14597799 8.52079622 Stat6 10.0340055 7.76884318 9.26899604 8.52011684 0 0 Suz12 12.1917303 10.6415578 0 11.4192066 0 10.1796014 Tal1 3.27202494 2.33635462 5.43421365 1.99510515 3.23551253 7.24054415 Tcf3 8.95886195 9.27584441 7.18949224 7.95247356 0 5.94183007 Tcf4 11.7535018 10.7218079 5.87396176 13.0570735 10.2194603 10.2598245 Tcf7 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tek 0 0 0 0 8.12191874 0 Tfrc 11.1276806 11.6773601 0 9.99135979 0 2.48510433 Tgfb1 8.59999451 7.86082222 0 7.41061996 0 0 Tgfb2 0 0 0 5.61040412 0 0 Tgfb3 0 1.64625868 0 0 8.66536386 0 Tnfrsf1a 12.1075835 11.7893286 10.2883436 12.9872996 9.70789834 10.0685048 Tnfrsf1b 11.1644655 10.6687255 0 10.8829595 0 8.01385336 Tnfrsf21 7.9588553 8.25912716 0 6.93837391 5.31291687 0 Tnfsf10 7.2217542 0 0 6.57504105 0 6.42935948 Tnfsf12 6.10886882 0 0 5.7030187 0 0 Tob1 4.89785115 0 4.30862997 1.32359285 1.07788382 0 vWF 0 0 0 0 0 6.1655458 Zbtb20 7.51328071 0 8.49995327 7.62054695 8.85871267 9.72768241 Zbtb38 9.44025595 10.3426011 7.11037442 10.7447144 8.87190914 8.84029249 Zfp532 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zfp612 0 5.18701551 7.05359804 3.11635926 0 5.7890343 Zfpm1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zhx2 0 5.27170259 0 0 0 0

TABLE 6-8 Single cell expression data (reduced list)—Control Factor HSC3 HSC4 HSC5 HSC6 HSC7 HSC8 Actb 13.577974 14.0296483 14.1103469 15.5819895 15.4017467 14.5186085 Aebp2 6.10559528 5.88912085 4.6132596 6.72522268 6.54183737 6.53821191 Ahr 0 8.48413666 0 8.64794663 0 0 Akt1 5.7101674 8.39335711 8.11021366 10.2087847 8.77360611 9.23696389 Akt2 0 0 0 5.73394549 4.95527812 5.5482851 Akt3 8.79551486 1.55468933 8.24574153 9.13533117 9.22444783 8.23443739 APC 0 0 0 9.1544444 8.26372086 0 Bad 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bax 10.4587872 7.84637341 8.21704944 10.5910972 9.05419378 8.1433208 Bcl11a 0 0 0 0 0 8.71685996 Bcl11b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bcl2 0 0 0 6.60286713 0 0 Bcl2l1 0 8.15463837 0 8.81750986 9.51798174 9.26348136 Bcl2l11 0 7.08014318 0 0 8.80771493 0 Bmi1 6.37303271 6.75760763 6.40723471 8.78539598 6.73467101 0 Brd3 8.10648223 9.12195615 0 10.313197 9.04032119 8.4172914 Casp8 8.60911844 8.67718647 8.08973581 8.8351678 8.29348209 10.4887846 Casp9 8.50198655 0 0 8.0906086 8.93408591 0 Cbx2 2.12580066 0 1.37858473 0 6.38626502 3.95391221 Cbx8 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ccnc 8.0612119 7.75585225 0 8.0425277 7.97210372 4.50082307 Ccnd1 0 9.44185728 0 10.806783 0 9.84865359 Ccne2 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD34 8.17751775 5.00363076 7.74656357 7.72536834 7.31850948 0 CD41 0 0 0 10.2838042 0 10.3942665 CD48 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD52 0 8.30090194 0 0 0 0 CD53 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD55 7.69179367 4.79347239 6.9936477 9.05205329 0 8.21658095 CD63 8.84869188 9.80818054 8.85251987 10.377284 8.91902336 8.99037439 CD9 7.96692234 7.15928214 7.1345801 8.5320473 3.5188154 8.2765401 Cdc42 11.8342425 11.274525 11.5477464 12.9667945 11.216272 12.9992851 Cdk1 0 0 1.70469042 9.19399937 0 8.58515514 Cdk4 6.80715808 7.17264944 2.02643408 11.1452163 9.41268282 6.45109978 Cdkn2b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cebpa 8.66392034 0 8.58072977 6.63194812 0 0 Csf1r 0 0 8.74066681 1.70542256 7.47370204 0 Ctnnb1 6.45093961 6.80576451 7.03105301 8.66585445 4.63621377 6.42492055 Cycs 7.76931122 8.17385953 9.1062029 11.5938916 10.2963567 10.5610571 Dach1 8.32689948 9.6993744 0 10.5160163 11.5555411 12.1784951 Dnmt1 0 0 0 11.5088913 0 10.870094 Dnmt3a 10.0217648 11.1560578 9.24043447 10.2575566 10.2648603 12.1222467 Dnmt3b 0 0 0 8.90491552 0 9.12251996 Dtx1 3.63908589 0.2314944 3.28281301 0 0 1.84006193 Dtx4 0 0 0 0 1.19632544 0 Ebfl 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ep300 11.0845039 8.98243523 10.7104073 9.62872537 9.96024059 9.41340549 Epor 4.04169265 5.05457514 6.15980606 4.89038806 5.63286624 5.89050554 Erg 11.8077154 11.2396194 11.3083977 11.0154674 10.8697562 10.0863194 Esr1 8.38535842 0 9.45876416 0 8.20146951 9.59278249 ETS1 7.78767496 8.3813926 8.32316912 0 0 0 ETS2 0 5.54640271 0 9.236687 0 10.2058893 Etv3 1.54998505 6.21266641 4.23572008 6.55515366 0 3.67608709 Etv6 10.2492298 11.658684 11.1884801 12.4484167 10.2573908 11.513336 Ezh2 0 6.45902485 8.45850492 9.86622345 6.62197678 0 Fas 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fcgr2b 0 0 0 3.00096067 0 0 Fcgr3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fli1 10.825293 10.3056342 10.1656639 12.7030871 9.81370266 10.7815026 Flt3 0 0 0 0 8.83959351 0 Fosl1 0 5.63779061 0 9.84241504 0 0 Foxo1 11.1098742 10.8687068 10.3544835 11.2304826 9.6589649 11.609313 Foxo3 8.96881644 9.34207286 0 10.574468 7.95875599 10.5612825 Gapdh 10.3938142 10.020788 9.78199569 11.7324163 11.2583198 10.2840324 Gata1 3.66598041 1.2604332 0 0 0 8.0389608 Gata2 4.10700961 5.22811433 6.14699434 5.75841883 6.0549266 5.76445634 Gata3 6.39172576 0 8.61417098 7.96956347 7.63953107 8.62787032 Gfi1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gfi1b 10.6982479 8.35858247 0 9.76814181 0 9.06455865 Hes5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hey1 2.14957956 0 0 5.41172737 3.30247516 0 Hlf 12.2869167 12.3244122 12.7023562 11.4515454 12.4604982 12.6666107 Id2 7.39149179 0 0 0 0 7.98972755 Ifi203 12.5769615 12.1345502 12.0725801 11.3590361 12.2927044 11.1325428 Ifi205 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ifitm1 13.1901123 12.7092713 11.5835195 13.4449774 11.4136686 13.2554104 Ikzf1 9.7363741 9.85625177 0 10.250229 9.90890256 8.72152915 Ikzf2 10.2835862 9.22641485 0 8.77854263 0 7.21339614 Il7R 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf6 3.19293607 0 3.18045922 3.89301413 3.20245453 4.43165432 Irf8 0 7.94066203 0 0 7.94125807 2.2099363 Kdr 0 0 0 0 0 10.4341118 Kit 11.6075917 11.3831769 13.0210319 12.1707632 12.6193513 11.9124539 Klf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 K1f12 0 8.1606124 0 8.75728664 2.77952504 8.68882167 Ldb1 10.7018656 10.5501009 10.3395739 11.8108028 11.1819378 11.9298611 Lin28a 0 0.65022055 8.32375974 0 0 8.92276223 Lmo2 11.1260842 11.2055555 11.2304278 11.1718854 10.0919978 9.95604882 Ly6a 11.6807743 13.0059956 0 11.8972718 9.8150555 8.15846371 Lyl1 7.71114163 0 9.39299973 5.87215945 0 7.14723677 Mbd2 4.92840001 0 9.40592756 8.95643535 8.35525208 10.4778257 Meis1 9.33744894 7.24719639 8.11655673 9.24808657 9.02869584 8.20607406 Mllt3 4.39596095 0 0 4.84582581 2.28189221 1.22539492 Mpl 8.37937771 11.6344232 10.240321 9.1484092 9.92137235 11.7759292 Muc13 5.85943592 8.69171484 5.79478348 8.86606586 8.08439421 5.87402461 Myb 11.4543645 11.6634674 11.813638 12.4301573 11.6054666 10.9746986 Myc 0 9.07187777 10.4973302 12.1156989 11.1821332 0 Mycn 10.0040447 1.76067461 8.7209187 11.9081484 9.172818 13.4121675 Ndn 11.413717 0 0 11.1011159 8.47770715 0 Nfat5 8.80140323 8.27575413 8.94488444 10.4915077 7.87669831 8.9488905 Nfia 9.26039859 8.37576634 8.54427003 9.80432597 10.4688522 9.95162743 Nfkb1 4.28180114 1.0386031 0 4.30632205 4.27397363 0 Notch1 0 0 7.85740045 0 0 0 Pax4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pax5 0 0 0 0.34067989 0 0 Pax9 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pbx1 0 0 0 0 0 0 PIk3ca 9.48126253 8.2821557 10.3094662 8.07275737 0 8.54082063 PIk3R2 0 0 9.46846214 8.95184962 0 0 Plag1 8.44717703 0 8.62974666 6.40451656 10.2884491 9.70437763 Prf1 0 0 0 0 3.42401778 0 Pten 9.35030834 5.62716649 8.59897884 8.41844617 9.21702967 8.85833533 Rb1 9.73808815 0 9.45856621 10.3613325 5.17427811 4.88975979 Rora 0 8.26236355 10.2950769 9.73645132 0 0 Runx1 9.69584379 8.40584267 10.6007548 0 10.9238866 8.69978638 Runx2 4.75896314 5.38267048 0 6.2671313 7.04999695 0 Satb1 9.80742018 0 0 8.57255153 0 0 Sdpr 0 0 0 0 0 3.04221011 Sell 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sfpi1 10.1339723 10.3780048 10.4866679 0 10.0355372 9.31766744 Slamf1 7.9591016 0 0 0 0 9.42150329 Smarca4 9.57780054 9.85977591 10.4104054 11.7238705 9.46298092 11.1339334 Sos1 0 8.2843901 0 7.22160003 7.53838311 7.29089291 Sta1 2.50659523 6.02858174 2.36927337 3.71643375 2.2740799 12.52689091 Stat3 8.29378181 10.7345608 9.55246631 10.8963074 10.3681668 8.97518786 Stat4 8.4227657 7.83127215 8.8192144 10.1874616 9.68055604 7.69477544 Stat6 0 10.5487746 9.40667371 9.72923693 9.87383314 9.84674959 Suz12 9.05894393 0 8.44467624 10.0115616 8.21144523 9.0031541 Tal1 0 3.75390852 0 7.11083842 5.49903472 3.85114596 Tcf3 0 0 0 0 3.17986266 4.49147102 Tcf4 10.6387202 9.81058079 10.1324014 10.7265873 9.19540096 11.280981 Tcf7 0 0 4.14707011 0 0 0 Tek 8.14772158 0 7.22964189 6.69314683 7.21296798 0 Tfrc 5.69240635 8.85266347 0 8.37463351 0 0 Tgfb1 0 0 0 0 7.01325075 0 Tgfb2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tgfb3 0 0 0 0 5.62887852 0 Tnfrsf1a 9.20893254 7.99674932 8.49210484 9.09094768 8.72598965 8.95788173 Tnfrsf1b 10.4438284 0 8.3857973 3.73738697 8.30125396 0 Tnfrsf2l 4.92370115 6.91456141 5.18164833 6.87061679 0 5.73392501 Tnfsf10 0 0 7.01737198 4.03273131 0 5.00807925 Tnfsf12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tob1 5.71122498 7.95080155 0 6.10121099 7.42164007 0 vWF 3.86680517 0 0 0 4.46829427 8.91506154 Zbtb20 8.16491305 7.28441527 7.64424277 3.60015575 8.29513002 8.35006537 Zbtb38 0 7.67871493 9.19649825 8.51227823 9.98861231 7.66701854 Zfp532 0 4.08592807 3.77146991 4.36860224 0 2.64992417 Zfp612 5.04540623 1.29781735 6.43562895 1.81941986 0 5.71057878 Zfpm1 0 0 0 0 7.43302501 0 Zhx2 0 3.17433055 0 0 0 10.2241584

TABLE 6-9 Single cell expression data (reduced list)—Control Factor HSC9 HSC10 MEP1 MEP2 MEP3 MEP4 Actb 14.9725561 15.5430056 16.6739018 17.1798405 16.7754755 16.9120965 Aebp2 5.34272666 2.46759537 7.60291615 5.68775766 8.40647947 8.15032471 Ahr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Akt1 8.71552396 9.04361278 10.8964237 10.6593665 10.5554637 10.4625715 Akt2 1.6860339 0 5.40370098 7.79517803 7.18806974 6.57237902 Akt3 9.27378957 9.16410517 0 7.90778801 7.25351311 8.6899408 APC 0 0 0 0 0 8.92917564 Bad 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bax 9.57334173 9.01870701 13.1654553 12.6147597 11.6763189 11.8499785 Bcl11a 0 6.38030957 8.61622865 0 0 6.50601386 Bcl11b 0 0 0 3.99048372 0 0 Bcl2 6.53694296 5.97214969 0 0 0 0 Bcl2l1 10.5706275 2.81256542 0 9.90189687 7.93964747 0 Bcl2l11 0 0 11.4930521 9.68858479 11.1719166 11.744598 Bmi1 8.0356025 5.71483882 8.52931514 8.55595556 10.0673986 8.43810889 Brd3 11.4628865 8.46832128 11.0280089 11.2582907 10.1577315 11.3931352 Casp8 9.80815784 10.7239994 8.89508957 6.21772996 7.84127145 10.4709266 Casp9 0 0 5.82312549 10.5005325 10.3674251 10.8167842 Cbx2 2.20378454 5.19558249 5.96803494 4.9871259 0 1.36472366 Cbx8 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ccnc 7.14555417 9.54460991 9.10840098 7.7775943 9.69822219 10.7463612 Ccnd1 10.3147623 8.43483043 12.5806504 10.1616065 0 9.50499479 Ccne2 2.11634283 0 12.3632828 11.5458361 7.65370744 11.8196672 CD34 8.7300738 7.56097552 0 0 0 0 CD41 9.90770066 10.2820486 0 0 0 0 CD48 0 0 8.8519551 0 0 10.2839816 CD52 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD53 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD55 0 0 9.35100587 9.53334636 6.17916642 8.52837797 CD63 9.95525539 9.13287496 0 0 0 0 CD9 8.19006868 8.93484354 0 0 0 0 Cdc42 12.8484097 12.3557558 14.0139592 14.5300457 13.7188884 14.3827631 Cdk1 8.40315409 0 10.2066902 12.0503625 11.856245 10.4737341 Cdk4 9.36174345 9.55697505 12.4311347 12.9555662 12.0600059 13.2462207 Cdkn2b 0 0 0 7.13192772 0 0 Cebpa 0 0 4.83137386 0 6.06861889 0 Csf1r 0.78905294 5.76347829 7.35935898 0 0 0.43693507 Ctnnb1 6.91786038 7.30835446 9.09223561 9.17717471 8.27674053 9.66975154 Cycs 9.20845458 9.97537598 14.4833117 14.8868575 14.3632329 14.6822205 Dach1 11.8391027 11.4620792 0 8.08586478 0 8.85421269 Dnmt1 0 0 13.0436858 12.9585708 12.173667 12.6846992 Dnmt3a 10.6627832 10.9853226 0 0 8.14594383 11.3793103 Dnmt3b 8.4439035 7.87008545 9.13349446 10.0430891 0 8.58078692 Dtx1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dtx4 0 8.77381733 0 3.59988975 0 0 Ebf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ep300 10.2826339 9.35773902 9.97912263 9.64315597 7.04223723 9.25408444 Epor 5.62014836 3.32438848 6.0772899 6.71011031 7.0106626 6.12830238 Erg 11.4258262 11.2053622 0 0 0 0 Esr1 9.13193309 9.35521874 0 0 0 0 ETS1 8.08986929 4.00036102 0 0 0 3.28475493 ETS2 8.93566794 8.12463187 8.26008629 7.11961974 8.01954074 9.00778633 Etv3 4.73179257 6.37769317 0 0 0 0 Etv6 10.868184 11.7795506 0 0 0 9.64836021 Ezh2 0 2.07633721 11.8577244 11.7699702 9.0854248 11.235091 Fas 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fcgr2b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fcgr3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fli1 12.2531926 10.9251156 0 0 0 1.16488259 Flt3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fosl1 0 0 0.29931482 9.04736396 0 0 Foxo1 9.01385813 10.4459955 5.73742257 0 0 9.36919814 Foxo3 8.79125674 8.68822067 9.68364766 10.649167 11.0869714 10.3601155 Gapdh 11.7285693 11.1757682 13.63523 13.4830598 13.1943802 11.9720384 Gata1 5.94283713 0 12.3245112 13.7649949 12.797531 13.2227802 Gata2 6.83304794 6.87340412 2.25249885 0 0 3.77741299 Gata3 9.24060916 9.14520142 0 0 0 0 Gfi1 3.34268315 0 0 0 0 4.24919213 Gfi1b 9.56101095 9.49767669 13.5283046 14.1818634 13.7733661 14.9174041 Hes5 0 0 0 2.29471695 0 0 Hey1 0 0 0 1.95932422 0 0 Hlf 12.1074683 11.9161928 0 0 0 0 Id2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ifi203 12.278004 11.192533 0 0 0 0 Ifi205 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ifitm1 13.0046432 12.4025715 0.31225789 0 0 0 Ikzf1 9.53642019 0 12.6360198 12.9519677 12.6541472 12.6965722 Ikzf2 0 8.56779353 5.40027468 0 0 0 Il7R 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf6 4.10562562 0 0 0 0 0 Irf8 0 0 6.12370867 8.41676829 0 0 Kdr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kit 12.3160333 9.89526777 12.0150326 9.98117872 11.4951247 12.8352736 Klf1 0 0 13.1692563 13.8873887 13.1692722 13.1308469 Klf12 9.72448024 0 0 0 0 7.34581981 Ldb1 12.4178652 11.01075 13.0390188 13.7874605 13.1564759 13.2168482 Lin28a 3.82329997 6.81496961 7.33729444 6.61281699 0 6.08888311 Lmo2 11.5637423 9.92019304 11.5030529 11.9384772 12.6434079 10.6947974 Ly6a 7.06884075 8.44508253 0 0 0 0 Lyl1 8.88014622 8.35784347 6.95117372 9.77435583 0 9.20859202 Mbd2 9.13439987 8.56907105 13.0509809 13.9543519 12.6665248 13.1243311 Meis1 9.80331618 8.1571184 0 0 0 0 Mllt3 4.15938546 0 4.12160509 7.79510244 0 4.48253793 Mpl 10.996255 9.44406546 0 0 0 0 Muc13 6.82422246 7.13195827 0 0 5.01336678 1.81337571 Myb 11.5244445 12.4461891 13.2111197 12.8071283 12.9764179 13.9759288 Myc 0 10.9160751 11.9866355 11.2429304 12.3999539 13.9029694 Mycn 14.4756491 11.6026038 0 0 0 0 Ndn 11.2837686 10.4369415 0 0 0 0 Nfat5 9.61855366 6.82014528 6.59682409 7.27479713 0 8.74499807 Nfia 9.41329393 10.6171397 13.5009826 14.0902354 12.9714138 13.0254549 Nfkb1 0 2.2519501 3.25804287 2.4908206 0 5.47964873 Notch1 8.12991025 0 0 0 0 0 Pax4 6.1516811 0 4.85665083 0 0 3.3619616 Pax5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pax9 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pbx1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Plk3ca 9.25738741 8.96174345 10.7256565 10.8683249 9.65150968 11.2464339 PIk3R2 9.30544358 0 12.2128948 12.2784314 11.0187609 12.287832 Plagl 8.64324095 0 9.06569451 0 0 0 Prf1 0 0 0 6.84326582 0 0 Pten 9.60478178 9.6731031 10.2929626 10.3569939 10.4823987 9.95159857 Rb1 10.2970029 8.60735432 12.6978008 13.4211639 10.6504251 12.7561166 Rora 0 0 0 0 0 0 Runx1 10.1584718 9.33038616 10.7805682 8.07026179 0 9.37272993 Runx2 4.28423467 4.26402635 0 0 0 0 Satb1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sdpr 4.32744503 1.7057899 0 0 0 0 Sell 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sfpi1 6.83682861 11.0545418 0 5.45218154 2.04252139 0 Slamf1 9.49023226 0 0 0 0 0 Smarca4 12.2973535 11.2507486 13.5426414 13.619892 12.1620756 12.8704926 Sos1 8.06475892 6.27720781 9.19936975 7.36566754 6.8048466 9.35683189 Stat1 4.52662558 0.99719233 2.64761229 4.45186216 3.7746722 7.81972053 Stat3 11.0439439 11.5366037 8.88331309 0 9.64846927 9.55859823 Stat4 9.34715798 6.79032745 6.31260327 0 0 0 Stat6 11.0298664 7.72102603 11.0611639 8.69939135 9.35073565 2.30375272 Suz12 9.21902863 9.76884858 13.4162816 13.3069763 12.1189393 12.8721225 Tal1 3.5749488 2.63840682 5.48831658 5.90135703 5.14302435 6.08051416 Tcf3 8.19970314 7.80579899 10.3443653 9.82695879 7.84599927 11.004031 Tcf4 11.8040378 9.82961636 10.260851 11.3188496 11.2508544 11.653967 Tcf7 0 4.73697982 1.43010499 0 0 0 Tek 9.36503436 0 0 0 0 0 Tfrc 0 8.8168966 13.9704118 14.578062 12.3681007 13.856442 Tgfb1 0 5.44659661 0 6.89639764 0 7.19033201 Tgfb2 0 0 5.36997264 0 0 0 Tgfb3 8.5895152 11.83410769 0 0 0 0 Tnfrsf1a 11.0327854 10.3930716 0 0 0 9.18248017 Tnfrsf1b 8.64142351 8.04393607 0 0 0 0 Tnfrsf21 6.97043206 6.09809349 0 5.3555269 0 4.45599329 Tnfsf10 6.74936749 5.83080275 6.33722942 0 0 6.31492348 Tnfsf12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tob1 5.23114212 0 7.58798007 0 8.41045357 8.34798458 vWF 8.26879091 5.5354592 3.98254277 0 0 0 Zbtb20 6.7194969 9.77047876 0 6.66889471 0 0 Zbtb38 9.66819933 8.29751972 10.3083101 9.74280335 8.68702379 10.8279681 Zfp532 0 0 3.7690821 2.38462111 0 4.07815427 Zfp612 6.99532728 0 0 0 0 6.43937583 Zfpm1 6.81923051 6.31482951 8.84469315 0 7.30319601 10.1270265 Zhx2 8.4994904 0 0 1.62381423 0 0

TABLE 6-10 Single cell expression data (reduced list)—Control Factor MEP5 MEP6 MEP7 MEP8 MEP9 MEP10 Actb 17.2576396 17.1978808 15.5072422 17.1016623 17.0883469 16.1373068 Aebp2 8.8914175 8.24109539 5.927731 8.12926334 6.58436041 7.2192823 Ahr 0 0 0 0 0 7.10578696 Akt1 11.6018488 11.5146864 4.42998334 11.601648 10.7522773 10.3129742 Akt2 7.900821 1.74602406 4.64739684 7.50740455 6.69059007 7.16770014 Akt3 0 7.96018226 0 7.35315614 2.17729258 7.80192128 APC 8.39335253 8.06797773 0 1.75142305 1.8927044 0 Bad 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bax 13.6760247 13.3176728 10.1228648 12.4537506 12.065459 11.730697 Bcl11a 0 0 0 0 2.71314006 0 Bcl11b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bc12 0 0 0 5.96566948 0 0 Bcl2l1 8.42050716 8.5397273 8.24768464 7.86215744 7.9016606 7.95497919 Bcl2l11 12.229686 10.1662961 8.73177655 9.85270326 8.51815048 10.7405021 Bmi1 10.2387084 9.31396694 6.36310467 6.09634272 7.60876135 5.56419831 Brd3 12.1884423 11.3821336 9.16931971 11.5847665 10.3403875 11.440292 Casp8 9.45558864 9.60183486 0 8.96045034 9.60483639 9.81855927 Casp9 10.983114 11.2997749 4.1377792 3.19674834 10.6397827 5.83890378 Cbx2 3.91898214 6.93850275 2.68444976 5.77648185 4.81078818 5.84443483 Cbx8 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ccnc 10.1627738 9.76965727 1.35355046 10.8327556 10.2251453 8.87207477 Ccnd1 9.06711014 9.78697864 3.39014804 7.92433606 3.63100877 1.61547934 Ccne2 10.0835116 11.319821 3.31015618 11.1288883 10.1332622 10.1575498 CD34 0 0 0 0 2.43527288 0 CD41 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD48 7.9867099 4.18399936 9.74423407 0 4.67729616 10.3311682 CD52 0 0 11.240447 0 0 0 CD53 0 0 10.718297 0 0 3.47755329 CD55 8.72944056 7.02423588 0.47752312 7.30323746 8.24842184 6.71445599 CD63 0 0 0 0 0 8.48127545 CD9 0 0 9.11541164 0 0 0 Cdc42 14.5293724 14.6486438 12.7027151 14.5111753 13.888067 13.4366617 Cdk1 13.1448472 11.9598095 4.7963663 12.1075135 9.74103341 9.76908148 Cdk4 13.7494226 13.5258502 5.39347158 13.2132059 11.559049 12.3004943 Cdkn2b 0 7.45318318 2.03311382 0 0 0 Cebpa 0 0 1.93783554 4.65819114 0 5.14048555 Csf1r 0 0 1.18696511 7.77368454 0 4.57700679 Ctnnb1 9.37096958 9.83654035 7.40506371 9.20900353 8.84284741 8.21343097 Cycs 15.3928254 15.4217364 9.00426594 14.9998511 14.3770315 13.6916743 Dach1 10.0101828 8.37636957 1.87676967 8.46157503 8.37438306 10.2033785 Dnmt1 13.5752055 13.5629832 0 13.1496695 12.9313015 12.2958028 Dnmt3a 10.9466601 8.51255715 2.35640024 11.4731999 8.29952651 10.4041202 Dnmt3b 8.48193549 10.1968081 0 0 8.25040799 9.82871253 Dtx1 2.92606728 0 0 0 0 0 Dtx4 0 7.82554643 4.92304422 0 0 0 Ebf1 0 0 0 0 0 4.67430018 Ep300 10.0634333 9.34942163 8.21967146 10.5762593 10.121413 8.87201287 Epor 7.16021518 6.62083976 4.26609394 6.51806867 5.52700029 6.09748073 Erg 0 0 0 0 0 5.68555987 Esr1 0 0 0 0 0 2.51533896 ETS1 3.76571695 0 13.1369479 0 0 6.54848086 ETS2 5.16493701 9.76053928 3.59712435 8.2969717 8.32663081 0 Etv3 5.60165087 4.73300606 0 3.87270615 3.64676519 5.18534646 Etv6 10.2693757 10.3333581 3.69074449 10.0372574 8.50609787 9.04344531 Ezh2 11.9461386 11.3539663 3.95203132 11.7590423 11.3908077 10.6007943 Fas 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fcgr2b 0 0 0 0 0 0.23425105 Fcgr3 0 0 8.07918835 1.52130196 0 0 Fli1 0 3.18894624 9.44502726 5.01815175 3.11865062 10.9846923 Flt3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fosl1 3.90147912 9.28797126 0 8.52770733 0 8.71529532 Foxo1 10.1059327 9.46825613 9.87277386 9.5068882 6.79088829 9.52716774 Foxo3 11.880669 10.5592031 7.72876079 11.0684154 9.43154757 9.25402338 Gapdh 13.9931627 13.3857099 10.5346589 14.1082473 12.92779 11.113379 Gata1 13.6190358 13.9835206 5.62359022 13.9713491 12.5041093 12.511952 Gata2 3.92449227 2.84914463 0 1.01456852 0 6.83641959 Gata3 0 2.25413244 7.84794279 0 0 0 Gfi1 0 0 3.85434754 6.19324658 0.26378938 0 Gfi1b 13.6114909 13.5975417 5.17245225 13.9889482 13.039689 12.8606179 Hes5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hey1 0 5.28516598 0 1.81677056 0 0 Hlf 0 0 0 0 0 9.91303577 Id2 0 0 11.4964505 0 0 0 Ifi203 0 0 11.6357055 0 7.02168865 6.48869747 Ifi205 0 0.48785466 0 0 0 0.04446014 Ifitm1 0 0 0 3.39877768 0 0 Ikzf1 14.3275555 14.0316022 9.42911846 13.1119643 12.6313804 12.3162902 Ikzf2 5.2858744 0 0 0 4.28650806 10.7927559 Il7R 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf4 0 0 0 0 0 3.75675557 Irf6 4.47123029 3.22821179 4.339607 1.36832553 0 0 Irf8 3.37099886 2.31508294 0 6.44379002 0 0 Kdr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kit 13.3537238 12.8580221 11.7556361 11.3366407 12.6638144 13.3561223 Klf1 14.2979136 13.6308232 5.96653235 13.5935874 12.7713044 12.127983 Klf12 3.98365645 0 0 0 0 0 Ldb1 14.5635445 14.0908295 8.35195984 14.3971418 13.093488 13.9731006 Lin28a 4.24471852 6.991793 0 6.53901741 3.59537839 7.3031128 Lmo2 12.9830675 12.5177653 4.67072022 12.0390668 11.5425664 10.1528281 Ly6a 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lyl1 8.76148245 9.87461972 0 8.97801904 1.61425898 0 Mbd2 14.3088686 14.1788793 10.6850909 13.7604538 13.6786771 12.4484023 Meis1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mllt3 6.75437066 4.87929073 0.36628079 7.04238465 1.04227285 0 Mpl 0 0 0 0 7.82872486 0 Muc13 6.50258482 9.17003155 2.94436572 6.93025842 0 8.96811757 Myb 14.5775089 14.3566219 6.22959734 13.1602938 13.678872 15.059386 Myc 14.0547532 13.3673906 5.6369054 14.4815067 12.1006266 13.6012191 Mycn 0 0 5.97826269 0 0 0 Ndn 0 0 0 3.30758821 0 4.50321309 Nfat5 6.8997464 8.60819523 8.05163374 9.06664427 5.40897018 6.6641746 Nfia 14.4761658 14.140814 5.89547833 14.0665307 13.4354033 12.1410189 Nfkb1 5.0181859 2.309416 3.98387116 4.10351957 4.95579258 0 Notch1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pax4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pax5 0 0 0 0 0 0.97924165 Pax9 0 0 0 5.83889268 0 0 Pbx1 0 0 0 0 0 0 PIk3ca 11.0496351 11.3740226 8.25771166 9.9484021 8.3447194 0 PIk3R2 13.0336384 11.9086806 4.45143877 12.6406896 12.5663171 10.6748968 Plag1 0 0 0 8.62527154 8.27129457 0 Prf1 0 0 7.95861297 0 5.64429588 0 Pten 10.8777303 10.2906901 8.05284894 10.7251068 10.0886075 10.5809166 Rb1 13.3531695 12.8920186 8.68520402 12.4552038 12.5020608 11.9804354 Rora 0 0 0 0 0 0 Runx1 10.3327309 10.1695965 2.15987744 8.22784853 8.33584994 8.47230462 Runx2 4.49773995 0 0 3.58458245 0 0 Satb1 0 0 8.06753085 0 0 2.71209422 Sdpr 0 0.18954202 0 0 0 0 Sell 0 7.67225672 9.98123205 0 0 0 Sfpi1 0 0 0 0.46212458 0 8.14790234 Slamf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Smarca4 14.0639422 13.68311 5.6018656 13.0990363 13.3134848 12.9739128 Sos1 9.61043591 9.24302377 0.84637826 9.30907613 8.92422084 9.07163316 Stat1 5.06501781 7.57488158 2.81371618 2.88085862 1.86966235 1.68793237 Stat3 6.91429151 7.407193 8.67732684 7.75419499 8.30889661 10.0828057 Stat4 0 0 8.79727168 0 1.92039891 0 Stat6 10.7036377 10.9195918 7.52472475 9.55035514 8.28177793 10.9191881 Suz12 13.538197 13.0876648 8.23876575 13.2750979 12.6890707 11.8669775 Tal1 5.4291009 6.69589556 0 7.56623027 4.77147026 4.69263937 Tcf3 10.9470082 10.4293296 0 10.598365 9.91291781 2.59346866 Tcf4 11.9008105 11.8187116 7.59295834 11.3626835 10.2619576 10.2854661 Tcf7 0 0.93440846 6.96284694 0 0 0 Tek 5.48770868 0 0 7.34302092 0.55382256 0 Tfrc 15.1003637 14.1185956 6.68189103 13.6781033 14.0561821 11.5817117 Tgfb1 0 5.9321715 3.29941964 6.77315808 8.10258704 0 Tgfb2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tgfb3 0 0 0 8.05286418 2.7676147 0 Tnfrsf1a 0 0 9.44208849 0 0 7.52151547 Tnfrsf1b 0 7.33777528 8.96218157 0 4.27782113 0 Tnfrsf21 0 5.97030087 1.15224807 4.81031941 3.82725759 5.22821771 Tnfsf10 0 0 7.50776293 6.28059236 0 0.19985742 Tnfsf12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tob1 7.49341793 9.775516 4.53888952 7.30658141 5.12736672 0 vWF 4.76480777 5.8950733 0 0 0 0 Zbtb20 7.31711148 6.7543605 6.09700763 0 0 3.99093784 Zbtb38 10.5208922 8.98561327 8.24763973 10.833188 9.72578991 9.49544458 Zfp532 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zfp612 2.66699095 0 5.65730748 3.15028498 0 0 Zfpm1 9.91367246 8.38424838 0 7.63005335 5.88946627 8.04762332 Zhx2 8.58545196 0 6.98674013 9.3468461 5.30923464 9.33665392

TABLE 6-11 Single cell expression data (reduced list)—Control Factor MPP1 MPP2 MPP3 MPP4 MPP5 MPP6 Actb 15.9338457 15.4232208 16.2711873 14.6823 14.2918152 15.8659118 Aebp2 7.21100476 5.2867401 6.93025793 5.90925673 5.25462477 9.18427092 Ahr 0 0 8.34801326 0 0 0 Akt1 10.720231 9.40876898 11.0220046 9.04411511 9.0996424 11.2217446 Akt2 2.21487307 5.4868309 0 0 5.35510644 0 Akt3 8.87303458 8.64995993 8.90809022 8.03436457 0 10.0275887 APC 9.11114608 0 8.0871966 1.98598274 8.73132197 4.78295182 Bad 0 0 0 0 0 8.89131665 Bax 8.98329445 10.498022 9.02157645 9.45119586 0 9.14566934 Bcl11a 0 0 0 8.89978638 0 8.82676654 Bcl11b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bcl2 5.4456877 6.76850037 8.56326925 0 0 6.41872246 Bcl2l1 8.77442328 9.4903021 8.32482213 8.37825811 0 9.68984903 Bcl2l11 8.65261883 0 8.55329576 0 0 0 Bmi1 7.92005647 8.96348283 7.6988806 5.99607904 8.09101102 10.2547476 Brd3 11.0992941 10.6513546 9.61291134 9.43861553 6.3757271 10.8237539 Casp8 11.3348993 11.0515753 10.9825524 9.29875931 8.5871616 10.8985747 Casp9 8.73428375 10.0497654 0 0 0 2.43946663 Cbx2 7.57992406 6.71714066 0 0 0 0.6708544 Cbx8 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ccnc 8.35164492 0 6.07511496 9.13555725 0 7.33770601 Ccnd1 8.60823223 0 9.93021361 0 9.80132789 8.95924036 Ccne2 7.6057764 10.4324496 10.1697513 7.75985448 0 10.6399418 CD34 11.1537947 12.1750274 11.4199898 10.0501247 10.5540352 11.3151543 CD41 0 5.28178356 0 0 0 0 CD48 9.48857003 11.0978106 11.3892976 8.80517983 0 9.56184962 CD52 9.67070973 9.66597181 10.8936843 7.05264794 7.44343937 10.2105126 CD53 11.1467937 11.241697 10.1035022 11.4194355 0 11.4433546 CD55 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD63 6.93667918 10.6830361 7.91059718 7.48471238 4.0814483 0 CD9 0 0 0 9.13917551 0 0 Cdc42 13.4222253 12.5348596 13.56969 12.3378718 11.7636509 12.8887671 Cdk1 10.9643801 11.4007291 9.70754751 0 0 10.4661432 Cdk4 11.8074379 10.3164272 12.5018024 9.48804452 6.81583478 11.7800185 Cdkn2b 0 0 2.77346992 0 0 0 Cebpa 9.22772932 10.0275028 11.2952199 11.0642013 9.09418965 10.4493234 Csf1r 0 8.45310432 8.99182682 7.91613811 10.0723015 0 Ctnnb1 8.32067527 5.00574303 8.39061689 8.19898063 4.79592084 8.46222031 Cycs 13.0347923 12.4656213 14.3162078 9.98439188 9.65986044 12.6497946 Dach1 0 13.3892767 0 7.3947807 9.10470453 0 Dnmt1 12.8259216 12.6055461 12.7124172 10.1043631 0 12.0574902 Dnmt3a 11.5381376 7.80820219 11.1160495 10.4359516 9.17576912 10.796858 Dnmt3b 10.7508563 11.1492963 9.71848489 10.1049899 8.03011401 10.8681675 Dtx1 0 0 0.31107154 0 0 0 Dtx4 11.1069971 7.43011153 12.4091038 0 0 0 Ebf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ep300 8.75076257 8.59075653 9.62468843 9.68032474 9.58816102 8.39625294 Epor 4.91252317 3.1681373 2.6614969 0 3.60216649 0 Erg 9.15107944 12.1140199 10.0602319 8.05974652 9.1838276 7.70552462 Esr1 11.9774405 8.93512079 9.30574164 10.8765411 0 10.0872926 ETS1 10.5968066 10.5087649 0 8.1786786 0 10.9157853 ETS2 8.80623923 5.91625835 6.07444663 8.44682963 1.07952469 8.81372256 Etv3 5.042175 0 6.17334389 5.48927278 0 4.47456273 Etv6 11.2690271 11.8468993 10.1410346 10.3082532 10.7932873 11.5654449 Ezh2 10.9805883 10.1182621 9.56833692 8.93691074 5.75295828 11.0075626 Fas 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fcgr2b 0 0 7.59523747 0 0 0 Fcgr3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fli1 10.0608425 11.8155209 11.4638535 11.1403327 11.1245373 11.1412932 Flt3 13.4713208 10.9848512 12.2344582 12.3865902 11.8521808 13.8892265 Fosl1 9.53355426 0 0 0 0 0 Foxo1 10.3135469 10.291036 8.38726315 8.71085607 9.18316568 10.070319 Foxo3 8.99316696 10.5108484 7.44733165 8.87606497 8.84685185 10.0201581 Gapdh 11.6345343 12.8310252 11.770259 9.91293629 9.88727626 10.8114969 Gata1 0 0 0 5.30872103 0 0 Gata2 0 6.25587723 0 0 0 5.46348074 Gata3 8.22743301 6.73112619 0 7.17096276 7.71368531 0 Gfi1 7.2915492 8.85268611 0 0 8.61482142 8.29984645 Gfi1b 0 10.9458698 7.94961583 0 0 9.2539235 Hes5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hey1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hlf 11.6107089 11.3506889 8.23973525 11.1220263 12.3616717 9.67605941 Id2 0 0 0 3.01634284 0 0 Ifi203 12.2933836 13.4311987 12.3810812 11.2387169 11.1057026 13.854702 Ifi205 1.46825299 0 0 0 0 0 Ifitm1 10.3158671 12.2548019 1.80612474 9.53491036 11.6097006 10.8254147 Ikzf1 12.2449774 10.9137692 11.8885062 9.44640906 10.0772827 11.7883861 Ikzf2 8.72612533 10.5247685 0 9.54996851 9.19777951 0 Il7R 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf4 8.88932449 0 0 0 0 0 Irf6 0 2.28451212 3.12345728 0 2.94453997 7.03646954 Irf8 10.1140031 9.69303494 12.6201361 0 0 7.96421851 Kdr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kit 10.3323157 13.290097 10.3759975 11.6752403 11.4546255 9.73802765 Klf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 K1f12 0 7.5771355 0 0 0 0 Ldb1 11.7920145 11.5152136 11.7984669 10.9682206 10.6778344 11.0742708 Lin28a 7.77696226 2.72948667 3.67493945 7.0652472 9.08749361 0 Lmo2 10.6837852 10.8046961 10.6266379 10.9303176 10.719542 11.3314271 Ly6a 11.5474621 10.2394989 7.73593565 8.32586298 10.6491694 9.60404877 Lyl1 8.11242278 0 10.1020158 0 0 8.83335686 Mbd2 10.0753161 10.3506985 11.4298385 9.11525309 10.5529714 10.6747769 Meis1 8.19052316 9.67159559 6.53658539 0 9.3704605 8.58771639 Mllt3 0 7.01032363 0 0 0 0 Mpl 0 11.6188289 0 0 0 0 Muc13 9.18176099 10.7974567 0 10.159424 0 0 Myb 13.8600806 13.3102917 13.8966992 11.8930023 12.3157054 12.0374473 Myc 12.4572692 12.7756443 13.0591357 10.6719002 0 11.658761 Mycn 4.48759571 12.0648986 7.88422472 10.1149438 10.4601304 12.3658929 Ndn 0 8.73723256 0 0 0 9.05565846 Nfat5 9.23389178 8.43831408 5.08317626 7.08881328 7.14783983 9.11031201 Nfia 8.22536613 10.3181464 0 0 0 0 Nfkb1 0 4.25773876 6.36053701 6.28335202 0 0 Notch1 10.5411213 0 10.0596251 9.15986762 7.79669562 10.5613034 Pax4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pax5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pax9 0 4.39855399 0 0 7.47812976 0 Pbx1 0 0 3.98886737 0 0 0 PIk3ca 9.98779925 8.66693277 8.36771159 8.07241137 8.11823529 10.7576739 PIk3R2 0 8.41914228 11.2909208 9.22643964 0 10.8038558 Plag1 8.91111651 0 0 0 0 0 Prf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pten 9.73746823 8.52844961 10.3610336 9.7554549 8.9576986 9.39466925 Rb1 10.56726 11.135636 10.6281849 9.77464462 9.64300093 8.52928352 Rora 0 0 0 0 8.95379549 0 Runx1 0 7.57506234 11.3878361 9.64485117 0 8.01381659 Runx2 8.01374944 6.92871391 8.2119077 5.88438904 6.41322446 7.86904824 Satb1 12.19321 9.07418197 12.4338909 11.4331637 8.41406481 11.7354143 Sdpr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sell 0 11.4107566 11.5576376 0 0 9.39436203 Sfpi1 10.4751592 10.2858722 10.7956608 10.7612319 8.28792429 9.65907002 Slamf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Smarca4 13.0055606 11.8353641 12.3437472 11.4881732 11.951662 11.9434175 Sos1 2.66805577 7.04399519 7.54270055 7.21891711 7.15270243 6.4810902 Stat1 3.79515281 3.7506045 2.42604397 7.25585273 2.19651358 5.20779754 Stat3 0 7.35454462 0 11.4070872 9.90639954 0 Stat4 8.61934296 8.48689909 0 7.19354193 6.92208828 8.11912795 Stat6 8.38514449 9.97948225 10.91246 10.0950254 10.3501987 11.7262422 Suz12 12.1314037 11.5904284 12.2840569 10.4055215 6.87697186 12.3236445 Tal1 0 5.08496506 2.73114378 0 7.48698209 0 Tcf3 6.67565349 8.31215232 2.15386392 0 0 8.29747218 Tcf4 11.1250971 9.46376933 11.7038871 11.1179238 9.78786393 11.7491444 Tcf7 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tek 0 9.20065767 0 0 0 0 Tfrc 11.1514151 9.64401783 12.0859674 9.26164167 0 10.1615771 Tgfb1 0 0 7.66944594 0 0 7.04752663 Tgfb2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tgfb3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tnfrsf1a 10.4658528 3.19243814 1.74940044 9.34788925 9.69155039 8.79792759 Tnfrsf1b 9.13020949 8.49093408 9.13944664 0 5.57625399 0 Tnfrsf2l 6.50412724 7.08061356 6.13813065 6.59804131 5.91417667 6.16646549 Tnfsf10 0.19476122 0 0 0 6.29693535 7.28794504 Tnfsf12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tob1 0 0 0 5.53534788 6.34080934 0 vWF 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zbtb20 7.26349348 7.01562217 0 0 7.96980448 9.33850376 Zbtb38 6.57611355 10.1472497 8.96566992 7.6851333 8.72294732 7.63005742 Zfp532 3.74373752 0 0 0 0 0 Zfp612 0 7.24390911 0 0 5.76142983 0 Zfpm1 4.4433929 4.77658905 4.37031599 6.57885334 4.4872645 5.50679362 Zhx2 0 0 0 0 0 0

TABLE 6-12 Single cell expression data (reduced list)-Control Factor MPP7 MPP8 MPP9 MPP10 Actb 15.5799561 16.4231342 14.9413529 16.4806567 Aebp2 4.74041619 5.79768478 4.60544211 5.70833163 Ahr 0 0 0 0 Akt1 8.28402993 10.5440223 8.94826142 10.0634546 Akt2 0 0 0 5.73559526 Akt3 9.55466835 7.76861222 7.22498152 9.10794373 APC 0 0 3.09166097 7.5684068 Bad 0 0 0 0 Bax 7.56956863 10.0339298 9.18437556 10.0584079 Bcl11a 0 8.73822897 0 0 Bcl11b 0 0 0 0 Bcl2 0 6.49304714 0 0 Bcl2l1 0 9.34594529 0 9.25723428 Bcl2l11 0 8.61453833 8.08425995 9.37832844 Bmi1 0 8.32976055 8.25021212 7.88080894 Brd3 9.25530682 11.2819662 8.12620738 10.4587875 Casp8 10.6378139 11.1806726 10.2895215 11.39495 Casp9 0 0 0 0.01340377 Cbx2 6.79558984 8.59803667 7.0009243 8.51339363 Cbx8 0 0 0 0 Ccnc 0 9.44435886 0 9.60093989 Ccnd1 0 9.91482334 8.70488465 9.74960081 Ccne2 8.92637293 10.6434763 0 11.3631899 CD34 10.913548 11.4119115 10.4402497 11.0324695 CD41 0 8.7488255 0 0 CD48 9.32813788 11.6576097 3.44806841 10.543773 CD52 9.61936432 8.73437329 8.14742149 10.7452684 CD53 11.2776098 11.1779516 9.29476445 11.5298596 CD55 0 0 0 0 CD63 0 7.40996888 7.37062015 0 CD9 0 0 0 0 Cdc42 13.2349309 13.2478421 11.8304766 13.479261 Cdk1 3.55141534 10.9443851 7.01908412 0 Cdk4 10.9902569 12.2074899 10.5113998 11.5285061 Cdkn2b 0 0 0 0 Cebpa 9.95273834 9.17238843 9.49773051 10.1225975 Csf1r 9.04324667 0.80192533 7.08749126 10.0144786 Ctnnb1 5.98292685 8.32930377 7.13625717 8.62467592 Cycs 11.4299521 13.7723272 10.3832219 13.3171266 Dach1 0 0 0 0 Dnmt1 11.4993032 13.0255564 11.8407164 12.2146515 Dnmt3a 10.7606522 10.2684942 8.39313135 11.1114075 Dnmt3b 7.92873762 10.0182754 10.504402 10.6600185 Dtx1 0 4.7728077 0 0 Dtx4 11.6922822 0 0 10.7071 Ebf1 0 0 0 0 Ep300 9.37108183 9.81215211 7.97358115 9.71578584 Epor 4.28849905 5.02706212 5.93378806 2.52024536 Erg 11.0872096 10.9417369 12.2901755 10.555884 Esr1 11.6554563 8.57331038 9.75278719 10.1047334 ETS1 11.9723848 3.46036603 3.47419373 11.9193271 ETS2 8.55484649 0 0 1.48502139 Etv3 6.2991095 3.863445 5.31929463 3.86067028 Etv6 9.37003784 11.6844245 12.2546514 11.8922382 Ezh2 8.86828602 10.9599669 8.96305659 10.2990075 Fas 0 0 0 0 Fcgr2b 0 6.76599483 0 5.22192452 Fcgr3 0 0 0 0 Fli1 11.8629795 11.3479034 10.9761779 11.4859541 Flt3 13.2221419 13.2364137 12.1561632 13.2561177 Fosl1 0 0 0 0 Foxo1 10.1123954 10.2137253 10.6020045 10.7842805 Foxo3 5.59015224 9.10555731 11.3588563 10.8953427 Gapdh 11.0477044 13.1655109 11.4008552 13.1404894 Gata1 0.94564173 0 0 0 Gata2 3.65013785 3.51256127 5.2315933 0 Gata3 1.39088214 6.3891916 0 0 Gfi1 8.84634557 6.27872603 6.48893372 0 Gfi1b 0 8.82811597 10.2832164 9.20982917 Hes5 4.64107681 0 6.957973 0 Hey1 0 0 0 0 Hlf 0 9.33667569 11.9867391 9.23572861 Id2 0 8.21997193 0 4.79088829 Ifi203 13.6649212 12.9454442 12.6378994 13.2045669 Ifi205 0 0 0 0 Ifitm1 0 11.8326933 9.99492608 8.92490776 Ikzf1 12.3564729 11.2597407 11.3032006 10.227332 Ikzf2 10.0349533 9.92808204 8.40270492 0 Il7R 8.47052626 0 0 4.98728556 Irf4 0 0 0 0 Irf6 0 0 0 0 Irf8 8.35824062 10.9054686 0 11.9512698 Kdr 0 0 0 0 Kit 10.6608131 11.4159407 11.8825308 10.6648273 Klf1 0 6.3799233 0 0 Klf12 0 0 0 0 Ldb1 11.0037537 10.768767 11.3221586 11.5395242 Lin28a 0 0 8.71671372 8.10538829 Lmo2 9.8811249 11.1975103 11.572644 10.6241439 Ly6a 10.5512136 8.03714344 10.4350633 10.3456629 Lyl1 9.23026917 7.59193214 0 9.49619226 Mbd2 11.6682738 11.3388742 10.0098962 10.6943395 Meis1 6.79368245 8.42564079 8.98994745 7.80483069 Mllt3 0 0 0 0 Mpl 0 0 9.17845367 0 Muc13 0 9.30164297 7.01923521 0 Myb 13.4971968 13.3599043 12.082765 13.8765431 Myc 11.6030817 12.0932166 8.10743215 11.4606205 Mycn 8.2487794 0 10.0709306 0 Ndn 0 0 10.0775359 0 Nfat5 7.09690528 8.60254985 7.31614621 7.43938448 Nfia 0 0 10.937255 0 Nfkb1 3.83053939 4.11240597 5.24127431 3.64341386 Notch1 11.1593775 8.27953256 7.48014451 9.14338513 Pax4 0 0 0 0 Pax5 0 0 0 0 Pax9 0 0 0 0 Pbx1 0 4.9309508 0 0 PIk3ca 8.96893649 10.6627449 8.54724566 9.22944916 PIk3R2 8.65643169 11.8510785 10.1724212 0 Plag1 0 0 0 0 Prf1 0 0 0 0 Pten 8.25469691 9.67626184 6.97446432 9.5307241 Rb1 9.59233164 11.5007352 9.77688089 11.1455471 Rora 0 0 8.65726707 0 Runx1 0 10.0522268 8.31416339 9.56394879 Runx2 7.48955293 5.94137868 5.7987657 7.28443718 Satb1 12.4017526 9.90535075 7.60722496 12.7657794 Sdpr 0 0 0 0 Sell 11.5341189 11.4001825 9.51107337 9.17958828 Sfpi1 9.55284835 10.8357053 8.89491205 10.3685731 Slamf1 0 0 0 0 Smarca4 12.3428509 13.5642625 10.6464189 11.9223443 Sos1 8.19189077 0 7.3490338 8.77541216 Stat1 4.94305767 3.60841055 0 6.83329035 Stat3 9.23352711 10.6650348 11.2676229 0 Stat4 9.73904725 9.11900076 8.47015672 7.05959532 Stat6 9.78343857 10.2042159 9.87121731 10.0443104 Suz12 10.3249963 12.0359278 10.0398783 11.7614625 Tal1 0 0 8.600419 7.76085711 Tcf3 8.03699653 5.45181491 9.06930734 0 Tcf4 11.8413493 11.1111843 9.69541167 12.2817037 Tcf7 0 0 0 6.54941349 Tek 0 0 0 0 Tfrc 10.6830 9029.59395121 0 10.8582641 Tgfb1 0 8.23296021 0 0 Tgfb2 0 0 0 0 Tgfb3 0 0 0 0 Tnfrsf1a 8.68589512 10.7994818 0 9.35978037 Tnfrsf1b 7.9316098 8.07814768 0 2.48402645 Tnfrsf21 5.70122301 7.82568809 6.38571982 6.05359643 Tnfsf10 4.37639922 6.48140769 0 0 Tnfsf12 0 0 0 0 Tob1 9.18275412 0 5.06745741 5.90038553 vWF 0 0 0 0 Zbtb20 10.0142217 8.86759709 9.14684532 6.41102139 Zbtb38 8.26590238 9.71780996 10.6136333 8.51332267 Zfp532 3.78349621 0 4.01404165 4.28805397 Zfp612 6.67634499 0 0 0 Zfpm1 0 6.52079531 0 0 Zhx2 0 8.45764455 7.05698459 0

TABLE 7-1 Single cell expression data (reduced list)—iHSC-8-TF iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- Factor TF1 TF2 TF3 TF4 TF5 TF6 Actb 15.3406135 15.3198955 12.6214841 13.9265913 14.907027 15.0828458 Aebp2 5.851253 6.91015329 6.18045816 6.13677942 6.31619136 6.55729075 Ahr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Akt1 10.3432926 10.2118447 8.44749976 8.43295768 11.0465135 11.5937761 Akt2 3.80481193 4.13073296 3.84759163 4.37730874 4.24877633 0 Akt3 6.26062374 5.80767709 0 6.66877618 0 7.28666292 APC 7.75143555 0 0 0 6.70926589 6.91997434 Bad 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bax 10.0841523 8.99852595 8.53670881 7.1491247 9.41403376 10.0713208 Bcl11a 0 3.57733258 0 0 0 0 Bcl11b 0 0 0 5.03025421 0 0 Bc12 3.78836066 7.35286615 6.11642851 5.60720562 0 4.75013415 Bcl2l1 6.11017227 0 0 8.25842512 8.41053397 10.5350727 Bcl2l11 7.53158421 0 0 5.97717038 6.54979563 7.23702656 Bmi1 8.99154721 8.57213633 1.00536134 7.1259908 7.77630502 9.13913696 Brd3 9.63555762 6.68960269 5.68713764 7.26905043 7.53751543 8.54151772 Casp8 8.69580853 7.82250438 7.27391311 7.12647247 8.13689545 8.33966066 Casp9 7.50634956 7.89665585 8.78122572 8.22640477 0 0 Cbx2 7.63597293 0 0 2.88451144 6.55755634 7.70632981 Cbx8 0 0 0 0 6.58332722 1.23705272 Ccnc 7.07744906 7.39096581 7.05379006 0 8.19654082 8.46919791 Ccnd1 7.17456113 0 3.67561661 9.15556129 0 0 Ccne2 8.84703835 6.74398849 0 0 0 0 CD34 7.76800322 10.2510414 2.42976374 6.94679739 7.33591375 0 CD41 0 7.75482846 0 0 8.70769069 0 CD48 0 7.17814996 8.01816633 0 0 9.55567614 CD52 10.0135314 0 11.8982735 8.81778186 7.57773901 11.0136116 CD53 10.0270236 10.1725729 10.2462871 7.3567463 0 10.7604721 CD55 4.54836488 6.25337777 0 6.26516647 4.55684724 5.44238382 CD63 5.17005936 7.47563153 3.07832198 6.44407765 5.26499364 5.17350267 CD9 0 9.46828366 8.37563384 6.77430086 9.39342697 0 Cdc42 11.4639526 11.5821246 9.83848584 11.2577485 10.7756615 12.9047404 Cdk1 10.9656852 10.4158817 0 2.26172673 7.6531999 12.2460627 Cdk4 8.77324798 9.12698531 5.45837872 7.85877388 6.28997376 9.83593049 Cdkn2b 0 0.21758523 0 0 0 0 Cebpa 0 4.87998831 0 0 0.53841585 0 Csf1r 8.20143195 0 0 3.50945636 0 0 Ctnnb1 8.29419721 8.94929575 5.66620169 7.85504317 8.48239691 9.80654905 Cycs 11.9286577 10.5773877 9.78151272 9.24318367 10.6036621 13.1484729 Dach1 0 11.8938366 0 7.85242012 0 0 Dnmt1 12.431398 10.6797953 5.10859902 8.60332571 8.90303261 11.5573084 Dnmt3a 9.31238906 0.66595298 9.50580001 9.36857301 8.96311662 9.41823059 Dnmt3b 0 0 6.81942467 4.98217548 7.49626958 7.95317289 Dtx1 0 0 5.32869997 0 1.98980211 0 Dtx4 0 0 8.14939517 0 2.92777138 8.31531242 Ebf1 10.1697266 0 0 0 0 10.6720985 Ep300 9.00180094 9.44219254 8.29306018 8.55233656 8.84559399 7.94463523 Epor 7.5372094 7.39704832 8.33400054 7.37800353 7.68712078 7.35168775 Erg 10.1327499 9.75516364 0 7.70627287 8.62033362 12.0140747 Esr1 8.88296212 9.04098261 0 6.92108807 0 8.4763699 ETS1 9.58515675 7.76396965 6.09305906 0 5.02126265 10.27795 ETS2 0 0 0 8.15364762 0 0 Etv3 0 5.70016295 0 4.23406152 2.35483367 0 Etv6 7.93361831 11.1215646 0 7.27988804 7.89445014 8.88475474 Ezh2 8.77165156 7.66705207 4.30929244 0 0 9.57003012 Fas 0 0 5.64848062 0 0 0 Fcgr2b 0.30420554 0.45440292 5.15394181 0 0 6.8494956 Fcgr3 0 0 4.41247907 0 1.24977442 4.25323357 Fli1 10.6596619 11.3769697 9.56699345 9.82489406 11.1881229 9.43156848 Flt3 0 8.59953308 0 0 0 0 Fosl1 0 7.74223892 0 0 0 0 Foxo1 10.5153363 9.99673903 9.6360569 8.19670491 6.62389626 11.7131359 Foxo3 6.94925231 8.89744564 8.17471245 8.28738773 8.1441656 7.11214992 Gapdh 8.94923539 7.63885103 6.1114181 6.39966913 8.06887865 9.83613157 Gata1 6.93311607 1.95105225 4.1024026 6.71747066 9.80051859 7.32322012 Gata2 0 6.84778411 0 6.48936067 7.0603346 3.31930144 Gata3 0 8.07886909 0 6.09390185 6.13467871 0 Gfi1 0 1.65773111 0 0 0 6.42475488 Gfi1b 0 0 0 8.76265343 10.5244821 0 Hes5 6.16742566 0 0 0 0 0 Hey1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hlf 0 10.1536689 0 8.17012499 8.27321734 0 Id2 0 0 0 0 4.45263385 4.84341023 Ifi203 11.7002151 11.6173765 10.7830968 11.2037766 8.89825585 10.7833025 Ifi205 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ifitm1 8.79797577 9.30388568 0 9.61640866 9.63355399 0 Ikzf1 9.06085707 9.97570248 9.51200603 8.72018894 8.01748442 10.3459707 Ikzf2 0 9.19579333 0 8.34323416 0 0 Il7R 0 0 0 0 0 2.82350147 Irf4 6.24028863 0 11.2249245 0 0 0 Irf6 3.86697265 4.68374949 0 0 2.8135202 0 Irf8 8.6858537 4.6101286 8.99498491 0 4.89636707 9.36420702 Kdr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kit 8.06121617 11.9083565 7.88520732 10.3475565 11.5383331 7.96739286 Klf1 1.36227074 7.02627962 0 0 0 0 Klf12 0 3.7799555 3.59391415 6.64529932 0 0 Ldb1 8.95380125 8.26779513 6.67202901 7.76543805 8.512649 10.3751947 Lin28a 5.97666173 0 0 7.2842936 4.1303577 4.23775192 Lmo2 0 9.90783707 4.1601552 8.76750141 9.49745795 6.40470448 Ly6a 6.49157656 9.20829801 11.7720222 8.78675489 6.61460984 8.7967369 Lyl1 3.47100366 8.3783465 0 0 0 0 Mbd2 10.1353897 9.91842346 7.76162024 8.01621694 8.98629969 11.7384075 Meis1 0 7.58467677 4.18043129 6.15361674 7.3922156 0 Mllt3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mpl 0 7.78365781 0 7.84750206 9.14807149 0 Muc13 1.28725247 10.3687609 0 8.47827528 8.95782857 6.65183597 Myb 11.2938204 11.7723867 0 10.7012638 10.0192772 12.3107218 Myc 6.57202892 9.18538633 0 8.83016864 9.14318076 10.0463899 Mycn 0 7.76977355 5.06288392 6.8514822 10.8400837 0 Ndn 8.3289328 7.37671042 0 5.16705845 7.20854243 7.11546949 Nfat5 9.5189948 10.536889 9.07919517 9.36357896 8.84740478 8.99109512 Nfia 7.94744233 7.71267144 0 8.18008257 5.13480173 8.01727058 Nfkb1 4.49309052 0 0 3.48186805 0.74786804 0 Notch1 0 7.53698774 7.22766077 0 0 0 Pax4 0 0 0 0.90906537 0 0 Pax5 10.5019087 0 0 0 0 10.127363 Pax9 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pbx1 0 0 0 0 0 0 PIk3ca 8.87496334 9.59446253 8.38080955 7.92496672 7.19725366 8.34649914 PIk3R2 0 9.01075671 7.65058108 0 0 8.8251932 Plag1 6.21437664 0 0 0 0 0 Prf1 5.13052494 0 0 5.10255205 1.86255408 0 Pten 10.4209011 9.40062124 8.96322075 9.10909358 9.71271677 11.3745533 Rb1 11.498329 7.96524059 9.94840657 8.51800071 8.72633492 10.2612969 Rora 4.6565537 4.45455454 4.29766187 0 6.78445169 0 Runx1 0 3.59548673 0 0 8.70903268 8.69444499 Runx2 0 4.8737639 0 2.43317885 2.69308191 0 Satb1 9.58445099 0 0 0 0 10.0568223 Sdpr 0 0 0 3.31280029 5.62934476 0 Sell 0 9.75709978 0 6.9298617 0 8.38589128 Sfpi1 7.63770596 10.0783626 7.41813664 9.49550468 7.19133526 0 Slamf1 0 0 0 6.06097964 6.25642952 0 Smarca4 13.0953186 10.9600388 9.46765173 9.90759459 9.19212961 12.8606875 Sos1 5.40387814 5.43895529 0 2.67690483 5.14978146 4.18611634 Stat1 0 2.91513401 0.07241094 0 2.60150676 0.29458547 Stat3 8.81593264 10.0143888 8.51673559 5.70612457 9.26273642 8.62967589 Stat4 7.59462882 7.57005869 4.91836386 6.5553935 7.72874787 8.74767888 Stat6 0 9.26322869 9.00041636 9.18130068 9.26639055 10.2390779 Suz12 10.8674987 9.11262594 8.17970692 0 7.7627513 10.4085025 Tal1 0 1.8367319 0 5.71521273 1.96056078 0 Tcf3 10.5687751 0 9.21497368 0 0 10.0481927 Tcf4 8.34840792 10.2104083 9.82698659 10.0410063 8.76568475 11.7542786 Tcf7 0 3.71590064 0 0 0 3.04107777 Tek 0 7.63031049 0 0 8.79573534 0 Tfrc 10.7744689 9.18072216 0 6.62621094 7.8677122 12.4601279 Tgfb1 0 5.93085307 0 5.17968196 6.39280849 0 Tgfb2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tgfb3 0 4.2326363 0 0 0 0 Tnfrsf1a 0 10.0793196 7.131272 8.00451161 8.93391961 6.97464589 Tnfrsf1b 0 7.84101337 0 6.33601316 7.87941437 0 Tnfrsf21 5.0514495 5.18842864 0 5.90203138 3.76922431 5.16498449 Tnfsf10 5.74118369 4.73595896 0 0 0 0 Tnfsf12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tob1 0 0 0 0 0 0 vWF 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zbtb20 0 8.54271536 10.2199855 6.6588198 6.37611928 0 Zbtb38 6.56462732 6.67014526 8.73007335 7.61868645 7.62865123 0 Zfp532 0 0 0 0 0 4.60375818 Zfp612 0 0 0 0 0 7.16346579 Zfpm1 5.66600566 0 0 0 0 0 Zhx2 0 7.63580107 9.72406195 1.95086519 0 7.13427169

TABLE 7-2 Single cell expression data (reduced list)—iHSC-8-TF iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- Factor TF7 TF8 TF9 TF10 TF11 TF12 Actb 14.1168122 14.2687572 15.8641756 14.4381106 14.3257382 14.6272225 Aebp2 6.58743305 5.66417136 5.22379812 5.95905614 7.01711608 6.02218741 Ahr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Akt1 10.4975255 8.19356615 10.0511812 9.94944796 10.0904307 9.78983507 Akt2 0 5.90204274 5.55935143 0 0 0 Akt3 4.44707058 0 5.01641454 5.89301145 6.31601984 2.88783769 APC 0 0 6.72226741 7.01362759 0 0 Bad 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bax 9.21290548 10.3301544 9.28539174 6.90668957 8.43007045 7.04487576 Bcl11a 0 0 7.05226632 6.95413316 0 0 Bcl11b 0 6.70827939 0 0 2.52118042 0 Bcl2 0 6.16765619 5.32242768 3.97203709 4.00080172 6.6941012 Bcl2l1 8.66402847 0 9.00530066 8.98651494 9.26985486 0 Bcl2l11 0 0 3.75189301 7.10582142 6.50890906 7.33360294 Bmi1 0 6.89348049 7.29668045 5.02457691 7.99433734 5.36245978 Brd3 7.71511488 6.04924659 9.23743083 7.95074744 8.60723746 6.91699201 Casp8 7.12754238 0 8.13700313 7.47959123 7.47348015 7.66051539 Casp9 9.29896423 7.90126543 0 8.30432388 5.33319179 6.17992512 Cbx2 0 6.43063067 0 6.62363681 7.67267315 3.20105562 Cbx8 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ccnc 0 6.40890962 7.63555762 6.20647804 0 6.24921005 Ccnd1 0 0 0 8.82298676 3.76604926 7.56671747 Ccne2 0 0 1.01221314 6.17859245 9.00851145 0 CD34 9.13922982 0 0 10.584104 0 0 CD41 7.61145278 0 0 7.90679374 0 0 CD48 7.21190179 8.92159518 8.98615136 10.0247552 6.7930497 8.02173906 CD52 9.13495653 13.2787307 10.360447 10.8185364 10.295746 10.2005651 CD53 0 10.4873969 10.0471444 10.0930693 10.8734016 10.6865731 CD55 5.57901574 4.03055026 4.3185467 0 2.08180138 6.99084057 CD63 5.12554231 0 4.77761362 7.17726095 5.43373369 4.70694381 CD9 0 5.59346873 0 6.80671919 0 6.82472844 Cdc42 10.5111244 11.2158271 11.7756836 11.2231375 11.759242 11.3052155 Cdk1 0 6.83989229 11.7557885 8.64473028 11.1023897 7.79953619 Cdk4 6.35473944 6.496508 8.83507662 8.83931041 9.36294383 5.64163688 Cdkn2b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cebpa 9.04823476 0 2.69352882 9.40045224 0 0 Csf1r 0 1.30677937 6.92694177 0 0 5.59152648 Ctnnb1 6.57811297 7.88039783 9.34406389 9.25901152 7.83045263 7.02810979 Cycs 9.94917515 11.6037181 10.8649283 11.5428262 10.6576893 10.8861042 Dach1 9.69728721 0 0 8.33375194 0 0 Dnmt1 8.82661641 8.89078551 11.301271 10.5172729 11.1892253 8.83847491 Dnmt3a 7.83006841 7.52705094 9.67344982 11.0465423 6.51186067 9.32316712 Dnmt3b 0 0 0 8.62689966 4.86534252 6.40167463 Dtx1 0 0 0 0.59861137 0 0 Dtx4 0 8.83830171 8.41636566 0 0 0 Ebfl 0 0 9.22197094 0 6.9679956 0 Ep300 8.5523291 8.04374842 8.98301466 10.1771185 10.3582779 9.66613489 Epor 6.61213076 6.94262834 7.09878512 8.50640442 7.91438576 6.14148414 Erg 8.01216895 0 10.904728 10.0129949 10.7400648 9.32820082 Esr1 0 7.15035885 7.57306955 8.35236198 9.77947514 0 ETS1 0 3.60473663 11.2257118 7.54149304 10.6508588 8.51473144 ETS2 0 0 0 2.44626873 0 0 Etv3 0 3.45927904 4.8894594 4.37811575 0 0 Etv6 9.45530062 5.9105115 7.89766842 9.28460759 9.35002095 0 Ezh2 4.35380876 0 9.27707588 6.82488745 9.39229357 7.36394339 Fas 0 6.29945666 0 0 0 0 Fcgr2b 0 6.38732146 0 0 2.46788098 0 Fcgr3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fli1 10.1576383 10.8206693 11.9187865 11.2788817 10.703534 7.93882312 Flt3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fosl1 0 0 0 7.6654807 0 0 Foxo1 8.18173307 7.60923615 11.1745002 8.28381064 10.4449586 7.15153855 Foxo3 8.0408479 5.81741644 6.93021419 8.73445684 6.05213918 7.63571997 Gapdh 6.89740048 4.87578711 8.93535347 8.19662939 8.71071609 6.0484422 Gata1 9.61468987 0 5.9071982 2.11048309 5.4250803 6.89996511 Gata2 6.95268834 1.92704567 0 0 0 4.03544209 Gata3 6.51624104 0 5.81915409 7.20652789 0 6.15745412 Gfi1 0 0 8.24022584 8.33162082 8.54743017 0 Gfi1b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hes5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hey1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hlf 0 0 0 9.32403067 0 0 Id2 0 8.47672002 0 0 0 0 Ifi203 8.71443714 9.91898509 11.2916134 12.2525286 11.6968592 10.2006689 Ifi205 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ifitm1 8.45511146 0 3.69283421 12.5234623 0 7.9891841 Ikzf1 9.34781477 8.16468581 10.0890344 8.27576881 5.59828783 9.92149712 Ikzf2 6.24292039 0 0 8.36452991 0 6.57569221 I17R 0 0 4.10352619 0 3.7996169 4.54349931 Irf4 0 0 6.02386675 0 0 0 Irf6 2.86463898 0 0 2.12737397 0 1.02930007 Irf8 6.58557808 8.00355731 7.93428618 7.19297404 3.05664681 7.37397995 Kdr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kit 10.2589067 7.85501741 7.73411021 11.0726033 6.84977833 3.48477947 Klf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Klf12 0 0 0 0 0 5.38786195 Ldb1 8.48024052 7.15652923 8.13838568 9.97532882 8.59067702 7.61339925 Lin28a 4.37557978 7.54315374 6.6611673 8.6930828 5.55717398 6.52150568 Lmo2 8.85722605 0 3.81100563 9.91085057 2.29006541 0 Ly6a 7.16972478 12.3655436 0 10.1051955 0 0 Lyl1 6.96600063 0 7.38272032 0 7.10726678 0 Mbd2 7.44236082 8.00969676 10.7184582 7.17557655 10.2817993 6.91322033 Meis1 6.6721765 0 0 7.89126204 0 0 Mllt3 2.76806472 3.87482965 3.75675909 0 0 0 Mpl 0 3.70133444 0 7.96516188 0 0 Muc13 9.22434143 2.95206595 0 9.00435575 4.86915097 6.41388415 Myb 11.2843335 0 11.8407814 11.6847567 10.6838134 9.98616175 Myc 7.93764864 0 0 6.9817147 0 0 Mycn 8.50979223 0 0 8.87104756 0 0 Ndn 0 2.31950644 6.46122501 0 8.52326206 0 Nfat5 9.67674286 9.22514461 9.53936508 10.725362 10.3961199 9.48647076 Nfia 0 0 0 7.88567867 0 0 Nfkb1 0 4.11255372 3.3186588 4.06803019 3.53872344 0 Notch1 0 0 0 7.4117428 0 0 Pax4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pax5 0 0 10.6232231 0 10.2526594 9.85425333 Pax9 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pbx1 4.77796595 0 0 5.89394817 0 0 PIk3ca 7.06910008 7.7317113 9.10120998 7.88352097 7.35188556 7.24036714 PIk3R2 0 7.20794908 0 7.60310033 0 0 Plag1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prf1 0 6.93683892 0 0 0 7.53304996 Pten 9.40099595 7.481518 10.9944646 10.6633747 9.16883013 10.6424771 Rb1 7.82300867 10.1428432 10.6672492 8.80739047 10.7566543 7.64031183 Rora 5.26511699 4.55919881 3.56025341 0 0 0 Runx1 9.23271499 0 3.36917166 8.86537555 9.39215951 7.72407872 Runx2 0.81275604 0 0 5.00576119 0 0 Satb1 0 0 8.24704373 0 8.23134552 9.39921429 Sdpr 0 0 0 3.18733123 0 0 Sell 8.88207346 0 9.44019649 0 7.16166271 0 Sfpi1 7.84155525 7.29077483 8.68860268 7.60080318 0 7.23304962 Slamf1 6.22492877 0 0 0 0 0 Smarca4 8.02041815 8.75617101 13.1046438 11.1511994 13.0182874 12.8133987 Sos1 0 0 5.69285508 5.55998031 2.30626703 3.42009457 Stat1 1.97314588 1.73607307 0 3.86647267 2.39385509 0 Stat3 9.12583565 8.80346971 8.32489816 9.58777265 7.04362269 8.57493998 Stat4 0 0 7.10054367 6.547509 9.30748517 9.01247436 Stat6 7.61361468 7.70780272 9.10788213 10.06886 8.46082693 7.60385028 Suz12 8.66924158 7.78426963 9.89026714 9.23254249 10.4123574 0 Tal1 2.37117102 0 6.30535461 6.58054019 0 7.16548188 Tcf3 0 9.80006797 10.7038707 0 10.1748615 9.50402931 Tcf4 10.6046337 10.677077 11.3483408 2.06873405 10.6701323 10.3793339 Tcf7 0 2.81355742 0 0 0 0 Tek 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tfrc 7.64318103 0 8.74634259 10.161451 9.22544138 9.23442125 Tgfb1 0 0 5.68279082 0 0 5.63076967 Tgfb2 0 6.35582439 0 0 3.41038781 0 Tgfb3 0 0 6.50340017 6.4796621 0 3.14159544 Tnfrsf1a 9.13753474 8.30559171 6.21261252 8.77734771 0 0 Tnfrsf1b 6.8202573 0 0 8.45197156 7.39481301 2.16712637 Tnfrsf21 4.9636023 0 3.88334514 7.04685483 5.86000083 1.87974929 Tnfsf10 5.83655197 0 5.38524996 5.6592177 0 6.87832602 Tnfsf12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tob1 0 5.42079899 0 0 5.55304429 0 vWF 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zbtb20 0 11.116707 0 7.47693235 7.16188955 0 Zbtb38 6.05752543 7.56440082 7.45865121 7.69697887 7.27478686 2.68202784 Zfp532 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zfp612 0 0 0 7.66883285 0.41563857 6.98993492 Zfpm1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zhx2 0 7.97860435 7.16760698 0 0 2.5744204

TABLE 7-3 Single cell expression data (reduced list)---iHSC-8-TF iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- Factor TF13 TF14 TF15 TF16 TF17 TF18 Actb 15.4534796 15.0457213 14.7547847 15.7050081 14.3181958 15.2330791 Aebp2 6.93704471 4.91542799 7.05506882 6.86348616 6.24968398 5.62877356 Ahr 0 6.43180668 0 0 0 0 Akt1 9.16365108 9.30008467 10.763603 10.9936127 9.4294317 0 Akt2 6.73569225 0 6.4766602 0 4.80553304 0 Akt3 6.11863003 6.64875353 5.17305023 0 0 0 APC 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bad 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bax 10.2213052 9.11498692 0 9.44119327 7.49341326 8.82070706 Bcl11a 0 0 6.11771712 0 0 0 Bcl11b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bcl2 7.93705313 5.59605449 6.02070196 4.81608191 6.50918987 6.69771435 Bcl2l1 9.7231417 8.58128508 10.0362848 10.2067064 0 11.066282 Bcl2l11 7.37172881 7.69830505 7.17734172 9.34606481 0 6.72034529 Bmi1 7.34695691 7.21167775 6.05530861 8.46478884 8.08106641 7.75522788 Brd3 8.02785515 5.00010534 8.51144277 9.52747453 6.80545653 0 Casp8 8.37321188 7.75230575 8.13985014 8.57969582 8.23333205 8.00637905 Casp9 7.68090941 2.32375499 0 6.320208 8.96183861 0 Cbx2 6.504426 1.54049084 7.04621731 7.72437829 2.30499009 0.11481278 Cbx8 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ccnc 0 0 7.36621375 6.70170152 6.00327617 6.24461652 Ccnd1 6.62265505 7.4467213 7.52700713 6.9456186 9.35651788 0 Ccne2 8.90201474 0 9.03686227 8.45653951 4.11742928 0 CD34 8.79163706 9.8829815 0 0 7.5325444 0.57823047 CD41 10.2235313 0 10.1703794 0 0 0 CD48 7.97202788 8.9224792 8.76089598 9.39765892 0 8.03809749 CD52 0 9.99964113 10.2992003 9.8539851 8.86491007 12.4913694 CD53 0 10.8351065 0 10.056315 9.14134727 10.1859346 CD55 5.74807313 0 6.03533722 4.24146883 0 0 CD63 7.74519483 7.00827947 6.94140733 5.72566979 7.10413036 4.56443151 CD9 8.90957851 7.49731749 8.92034488 0 8.64862026 5.6361667 Cdc42 10.9823548 11.4094614 11.4173435 12.0104029 10.8763938 12.158319 Cdk1 10.1932253 0 10.4913805 0 0 0 Cdk4 8.9755164 8.35943257 8.53085097 8.9627628 8.36068234 5.6036139 Cdkn2b 0 0 1.36381366 0 0 0 Cebpa 5.893276 9.70964699 8.88909053 0 8.03529285 0 Csf1r 0 0 0 1.44879467 3.67785521 0 Ctnnb1 7.48981199 8.1336946 9.20156778 8.61320717 7.43105241 7.17682577 Cycs 10.8157891 10.720996 11.7664034 12.1637591 8.54219495 10.5592201 Dach1 8.37404548 11.5809914 10.0147913 0 0 0 Dnmt1 12.1405773 8.76320326 11.4721676 10.43018 8.16086858 8.31332046 Dnmt3a 8.03355106 10.3047393 10.4905211 7.34945749 9.69684484 8.09559308 Dnmt3b 7.76598102 7.12399038 7.7635638 5.62611906 0 0 Dtx1 0 0 0 3.00328203 3.57731956 0 Dtx4 0 0 3.31637812 0 2.0047145 0 Ebf1 0 0 0 7.91519142 0 0 Ep300 8.3902995 8.72299654 7.98001879 8.27110318 8.43022421 8.55383003 Epor 3.5885028 6.89489217 8.24303376 7.15203704 8.10722751 8.67458521 Erg 8.06240346 8.91508586 8.37991482 10.1830057 9.48944314 0 Esr1 7.72434085 8.96175574 0 0 8.66618842 0 ETS1 0 3.98233032 6.85509411 10.3680088 3.46823602 10.4743299 ETS2 0 0 0 0 7.34802596 0 Etv3 4.37702979 3.36062871 4.09342768 4.95938064 5.16369302 0 Etv6 10.5013427 9.98804513 10.0093729 8.59292994 10.687523 2.49925909 Ezh2 7.69398439 5.90756213 7.75922202 8.50519978 5.14578313 0 Fas 0 0 0 0 0 5.59986323 Fcgr2b 5.67144377 6.33265476 0 3.2724894 6.59136946 0 Fcgr3 1.78683374 0 0 0 0 0 Fli1 12.6094269 10.2126474 11.3348213 5.58078903 10.5075133 10.1080811 Flt3 0 8.58695173 6.08980954 0 8.01264279 0 Fosl1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Foxo1 9.24339118 9.00386695 9.38862847 11.2318159 9.69497736 8.21951707 Foxo3 8.23726385 8.41088091 8.38255114 5.96599129 7.30821346 7.64232189 Gapdh 8.1689278 7.39978258 9.08120856 9.85054865 7.02681009 7.07904214 Gata1 9.82252363 2.06392862 8.7659977 0 0 1.37647648 Gata2 7.82083798 0 5.11254203 0 6.83205962 3.78221217 Gata3 7.8976454 7.41211086 6.99172072 0 6.53375566 7.34314284 Gfi1 0 8.55495398 0 0 9.00701704 7.3926737 Gfi1b 9.48743661 8.40675043 8.43006036 0 0 0 Hes5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hey1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hlf 7.97486047 5.83601979 7.98213905 0 10.5637188 0 Id2 0 0 7.30919327 0 0 11.4618755 Ifi203 8.94723689 10.879845 10.187699 11.3297255 11.4247052 11.6820609 Ifi205 0 0 4.25940374 0 0 0 Ifitm1 9.9243259 12.4987853 9.54492255 0 12.3039462 0 Ikzf1 8.1181871 9.10399583 8.67459587 10.7026464 8.28318113 8.02649557 Ikzf2 7.07471442 9.59931945 8.68627507 0 6.74038185 7.10072297 Il7R 0 0 0 3.30157767 0 0 Irf4 0 0 0 6.54858531 0 0 Irf6 4.17514012 0 1.48026891 0 0.90882603 0 Irf8 0 7.73738742 0 7.77087801 0 8.75705818 Kdr 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kit 10.468969 10.2388187 11.4153206 10.0405697 10.0963359 10.0173351 Klf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Klf12 2.45882665 0 0 0 0.45168356 0 Ldb1 9.26322757 8.316956 9.33639067 9.61680777 9.26471492 8.37672695 Lin28a 3.6669966 6.33329084 6.0896607 6.57376149 0 7.17664498 Lmo2 8.01911171 9.39935871 8.30261571 4.75634564 10.0755277 4.24162405 Ly6a 9.3661827 9.11566635 0 5.99007554 10.942034 11.0081547 Lyl1 8.42712124 0 0 7.18926092 5.77433467 1.48922057 Mbd2 9.41810563 8.88421488 9.50400444 9.47109869 6.09034145 8.48104688 Meis1 7.83156174 6.93022589 8.37207046 0 5.60921016 0 Mllt3 2.67198941 0 2.16275894 0 0 0 Mpl 9.75089216 7.35694857 9.44891837 0 8.66269181 0 Muc13 9.13568741 8.32054225 7.72893994 0 7.20741875 0 Myb 10.2082629 11.5128574 11.7486723 12.2596713 11.0720251 0 Myc 7.83057978 9.42868399 9.41309135 0 9.98070807 4.55264807 Mycn 8.6004619 6.86525583 9.28449734 0 7.96551367 0 Ndn 7.1716298 2.63847367 0 0 0 2.27428691 Nfat5 10.104519 9.08807257 8.54046796 8.4835257 9.84582546 9.01999895 Nfia 9.95835509 7.45899512 7.64708656 0 9.2845695 7.85053506 Nfkb1 0 4.7667181 1.41310845 0 4.77499935 0 Notch1 8.1980529 0 0 6.53133175 0 5.39606879 Pax4 0 0 0 0 0 6.14490349 Pax5 0 0 0 10.708211 0 0 Pax9 0 0 2.19025952 0 0 0 Pbx1 5.99597205 0 0 0 0 0 PIk3ca 7.88230828 7.47696985 7.5500399 9.55020565 6.23869048 0 PIk3R2 0 8.24510008 5.82312994 8.02116203 8.93406942 0 Plag1 0 0 4.73744613 0 0 0 Prf1 0 0 0 0 0 8.73382677 Pten 9.55201959 9.3026472 9.49894524 11.3146776 9.82256436 9.31971728 Rb1 9.83548418 7.73051188 10.3125708 10.4278048 7.92474575 8.22490833 Rora 4.4155683 6.32539597 0 0 7.55184114 7.19241896 Runx1 0 5.18013526 0 9.10402185 7.60847018 0 Runx2 0 5.23198449 4.54870316 0 4.71944112 3.96352253 Satb1 0 8.30286654 5.48340999 9.87087431 8.3878369 8.22536909 Sdpr 3.37708308 0 2.17164004 0 0 0 Sell 0 9.64179428 7.32622835 8.59354275 8.72934132 0 Sfpi1 9.45330676 9.91279299 8.0266668 8.88627935 8.00223079 0 Slamf1 6.39337217 0 0 0 0 0 Smarca4 8.7128158 8.97012069 10.9947025 12.3094648 9.47484623 10.0915303 Sos1 4.95670739 0 4.42734538 4.56448493 4.86048311 0 Stat1 2.59737419 0.92027174 2.88493807 0.05319102 3.02184606 6.8812924 Stat3 8.06315119 9.21638478 9.06430179 0 8.13669425 8.30721918 Stat4 7.76112821 8.49004979 8.31123322 8.314415 9.29957534 9.64865985 Stat6 9.09210898 9.16948618 9.52175835 7.90699543 8.80158849 6.97978077 Suz12 10.3161732 7.41216521 10.0021849 9.25973518 7.31107544 7.00993321 Tal1 6.27023033 4.03587018 1.91607573 4.92820293 0 6.45443658 Tcf3 0 9.72331909 0 9.28003491 0 0 Tcf4 9.95842877 8.92609345 10.0138544 9.69802767 9.51627828 0 Tcf7 0 0 3.75075381 0 0 6.71655185 Tek 0 0 8.51364933 0 6.50570444 0 Tfrc 9.36631796 7.95001878 9.55542439 10.7476449 8.42531067 6.36552267 Tgfb1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tgfb2 0 0 0 0 0 6.33693857 Tgfb3 0 0 0 0 0 4.26158858 Tnfrsf1a 8.85163318 8.0786507 8.1845794 7.00521923 8.5460922 8.06973511 Tnfrsf1b 7.55637493 0 7.74358799 0 5.00485983 10.174932 Tnfrs21 6.24363175 5.64683619 5.81156194 2.03622926 5.64009919 0 Tnfsf10 0 0 4.63222478 2.26191299 6.65398125 6.60294222 Tnfsf12 0 0 0 0 0 3.81293855 Tob1 5.67117711 5.63664714 0 0 0 0 vWF 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zbtb20 5.79959989 8.65423374 6.14739537 0 8.35748709 4.4844404 Zbtb38 8.10033265 8.58157099 6.34336723 7.98028306 7.8341961 0.56648659 Zfp532 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zfp612 5.9361768 6.93547371 7.20224287 6.60794851 1.35609575 2.25216372 Zfpm1 0 0 6.47136166 0 7.35425474 6.44185159 Zhx2 0 0 7.18849248 6.69019455 8.13323938 8.15233325

TABLE 7-4 Single cell expression data (reduced list)-iHSC-8-TF iHSC-8- iHSC-8- Factor iHSC-8-TF19 iHSC-8-TF20 TF21 iHSC-8-TF22 TF23 Actb 15.5949722 14.7271674 14.9192297 14.8524722 13.742072 Aebp2 6.02657711 6.46555858 0 6.77047 5.81780576 Ahr 0 0 0 0 0 Akt1 11.1358482 10.4380466 1.18490888 10.7142832 7.65650276 Akt2 3.53699864 6.27657983 0 0 4.99455434 Akt3 4.67734217 6.17450015 4.49098184 7.31178082 1.69186959 APC 0 6.39404584 0 8.12096298 0 Bad 0 7.94551754 0 0 0 Bax 9.7269672 9.53189139 9.22347188 8.98116411 8.92650111 Bcl11a 2.68677282 0 7.45791631 4.52048937 0 Bcl11b 0 0 0 5.10896278 0 Bcl2 6.32982374 5.73745116 6.26778953 4.96019175 4.06183255 Bcl2l1 8.58581684 8.25950033 0 8.61267991 8.15193143 Bcl2l11 4.23328455 0 0 8.33934299 6.38428587 Bmi1 8.09215612 6.82056434 7.88053812 9.25859235 7.3067493 Brd3 6.26049404 8.40584215 7.39130082 8.74987977 6.56313183 Casp8 8.55881676 9.01946362 8.89797827 7.89925135 7.36966954 Casp9 5.69785323 6.80005229 0 0 0 Cbx2 4.25975897 4.50344312 0 7.05085087 7.3652097 Cbx8 0 3.10519482 0 0 0 Ccnc 5.68144375 7.04800476 0 7.33402583 6.47052476 Ccnd1 7.32501662 0 9.14379317 7.80790367 8.06188774 Ccne2 6.81736138 6.12179616 4.01589047 9.60114654 7.32828462 CD34 9.10085124 10.8245974 8.030799 0 9.90933084 CD41 9.18976923 8.06311742 6.29822743 0 8.58124579 CD48 9.66357797 8.92273252 0 8.22498968 9.97655942 CD52 9.55607491 9.32703404 0 11.1238367 10.7706642 CD53 7.4753101 10.9421001 5.62923652 10.1462312 9.7742959 CD55 6.60757077 5.77529023 3.89364423 0 0 CD63 7.54605205 8.20511072 7.4468906 4.45819758 6.43605916 CD9 7.39378017 8.69852575 0 0 6.48705589 Cdc42 11.6616377 11.8297355 11.3272877 12.0401101 11.7498088 Cdk1 8.93880406 11.8672804 0 10.8047988 6.7710175 Cdk4 9.02876243 9.33369417 7.80946054 9.48909263 8.12248444 Cdkn2b 0 0 0 0 0 Cebpa 9.51613005 7.67127586 0 0 7.89753488 Csf1r 2.62576601 8.12277306 0 8.02931482 6.8366434 Ctnnb1 8.87487327 8.44525294 5.35747893 8.09503157 8.19325132 Cycs 12.2270781 12.1725171 10.077783 12.1894717 10.1903946 Dach1 8.9706084 9.54223727 7.78677331 0 11.0376368 Dnmt1 11.4798219 11.2665469 7.84049793 11.501541 9.05733118 Dnmt3a 10.0508273 9.21718083 8.22085764 10.709976 7.9890194 Dnmt3b 8.3035469 8.51151681 0 7.95017678 7.02438034 Dtx1 0 0 0 5.24802196 0 Dtx4 8.40755097 0 0 0 0 Ebf1 0 0 0 10.4583774 0 Ep300 8.46322899 8.98779971 7.79215349 9.02871727 8.54713076 Epor 7.74276166 7.5739171 7.09149108 7.66734299 7.34316306 Erg 9.42302499 10.0003759 9.88764997 11.1477312 10.1170711 Esr1 6.07339556 7.67273366 7.53899738 8.109266 7.19142983 ETS1 0 5.65065592 4.26833184 11.1615476 5.0938395 ETS2 7.99052669 9.33508118 7.04822799 5.98729189 7.4612499 Etv3 2.614744 3.42408061 0 2.0997937 3.65980713 Etv6 8.97419088 10.9666148 8.76350897 0 8.62985794 Ezh2 6.16548689 8.22342442 4.15641592 9.95784542 0 Fas 0 0 0 0 0 Fcgr2b 0 6.31986343 0 2.15906025 5.75272607 Fcgr3 0 6.13773377 0 0 0 Fli1 10.3284821 11.6513954 11.2427712 11.0210733 9.6653856 Flt3 7.14138117 9.90006307 8.60740057 0 9.49158073 Fosl1 0 2.54124545 0 0 0 Foxo1 8.68988455 10.7307691 8.78369362 10.3774981 7.14678055 Foxo3 8.43953086 9.53817626 7.34342736 7.20503849 9.38714958 Gapdh 9.35145628 8.81107493 7.38188726 9.49765691 6.77752673 Gata1 6.60958193 6.00088041 0 6.68660622 0 Gata2 5.15938223 6.18940099 6.94627744 1.11995453 0 Gata3 3.13442163 5.1062862 0 0 6.86901394 Gfi1 7.080742 9.20777369 10.2560592 0 8.52865693 Gfi1b 0 0 6.30300041 0 0 Hes5 3.28111377 0 0 0 5.84689612 Hey1 0 0 0 0 0 Hlf 8.16750889 9.01107414 9.44716816 0 6.3367949 Id2 0 1.59283696 0 0 6.89130613 Ifi203 10.5868051 11.9050857 11.7792822 11.263719 10.6719015 Ifi205 0 0 0.57526313 0 0 Ifitm1 12.8767036 12.1154443 12.6189753 0 12.8492636 Ikzf1 8.97220393 10.0637995 5.78319283 10.2519422 9.26900298 Ikzf2 9.22178598 8.10492715 8.78007149 0 7.86617002 Il7R 0 0 0 4.64255927 0 Irf4 0 0 0 6.71439284 0 Irf6 4.29929913 4.17383383 4.16212746 5.11342417 2.29092324 Irf8 0 0 0 9.04754663 0 Kdr 0 0 0 0 0 Kit 10.8452909 11.46819 10.6310949 8.0844973 10.702966 Klf1 0 0 0 0 0 Klf12 0 6.98159901 0 6.91529257 0 Ldb1 9.6599478 9.52797416 8.80192696 9.71715245 9.66305984 Lin28a 7.69345152 5.72024396 7.45549962 3.50792444 6.18530259 Lmo2 9.1278825 10.7135692 9.55065494 0 9.24867161 Ly6a 8.52775889 9.24169784 10.4450327 10.1506563 9.23981383 Lyl1 0 9.23687977 6.01993559 1.85529048 0.14133291 Mbd2 9.00365197 9.32705014 7.01222795 10.2980675 0 Meis1 7.35816194 7.96386677 7.8940322 0 5.75544333 Mllt3 0 0 1.20748749 3.26279787 0 Mpl 7.07285751 8.83332562 9.28099881 0 9.71165465 Muc13 8.910028 10.4501608 9.66072897 5.93439112 9.95951444 Myb 12.1660716 12.3866801 10.9652485 11.4963858 11.9435595 Myc 10.5226652 8.50048408 6.80094773 0 8.29035189 Mycn 10.2559863 7.33715811 8.69237062 0 10.7681053 Ndn 0 6.24114931 0 0 0 Nfat5 0 9.94482313 9.4521204 9.25617131 9.31963903 Nfia 0 7.75199021 8.40775952 0 7.32732142 Nfkb1 5.05715116 3.70671963 5.59515553 0 3.68175399 Notch1 0 0 0 7.42247038 7.51617552 Pax4 1.35750393 0 0 0 0 Pax5 0 0 0 10.7836978 0 Pax9 0 4.82495586 0 0 0 Pbx1 0 0 0 2.22267062 0 PIk3ca 7.79947633 9.12079212 5.33285433 8.74513804 6.2959762 PIk3R2 9.94903409 0 7.55937679 4.93743794 8.18553433 Plag1 6.97544118 0 6.53760217 0 0 Prf1 0 0 0 0 0 Pten 10.0437172 11.1348822 9.70193974 10.5813312 10.666182 Rb1 7.83303543 9.28805228 8.58914181 11.1046418 9.02986546 Rora 5.99045132 4.57639061 4.8566497 0 6.30205008 Runx1 0 0 7.72374854 9.29351398 9.35240374 Runx2 3.63268457 5.76424475 6.13835151 0 3.93338711 Satb1 7.27713223 8.13179502 0 9.00538844 9.07324987 Sdpr 0 0 0 0 0 Sell 7.51974568 0 0 7.51639506 8.23065964 Sfpi1 10.3537335 10.3438079 9.35308484 7.34210532 10.1166949 Slamf1 0 0 0 0 0 Smarca4 10.6216587 11.4880312 7.91879599 12.7228124 10.1231921 Sos1 4.77662362 5.70044036 6.6446615 5.15475115 4.08108678 Stat1 3.68097567 3.18143788 2.33007484 0 1.70796503 Stat3 9.6835973 10.9736276 9.82324679 8.88395426 10.1030436 Stat4 8.89602699 8.66526465 8.61546176 9.97092626 9.15162945 Stat6 8.03975516 9.68534085 7.65197427 8.88963802 8.72505432 Suz12 9.2920734 9.9317102 5.55351096 11.0088039 6.92957444 Tal1 0 0.5321352 0 0 0 Tcf3 0 0 0 10.0357268 0 Tcf4 8.55403838 11.1342293 9.5053365 11.1326587 9.23590743 Tcf7 0 0 0 2.09395859 0 Tek 0 0 0 0 0 Tfrc 8.92977574 10.3347741 0 11.2959377 0 Tgfb1 4.99360374 0 0 0 0 Tgfb2 6.02165975 0 0 0 0 Tgfb3 0 3.95433485 6.38152066 7.26386529 0 Tnfrsf1a 8.32699141 9.38371569 8.98684403 0 9.01007344 Tnfrsf1b 7.71407597 7.24025508 0 7.84690402 7.6973118 Tnfrsf21 5.10082829 5.74389161 5.35986658 0 5.6231703 Tnfsf10 0 5.61139944 3.95505967 0 0 Tnfsf12 0 0 0 0 0 Tob1 0 0 6.45804508 0 5.48264167 vWF 0 0 3.92489179 0 0 Zbtb20 6.89389913 7.17608138 0 6.53831854 6.98907536 Zbtb38 6.02485068 8.58071957 7.5954863 5.38002324 7.47434598 Zfp532 5.25185019 0 0 0 0 Zfp612 6.35234454 2.37453437 6.42837344 3.48387397 6.69808578 Zfpm1 0 0 0 0 0 Zhx2 0 0 0 5.58795878 5.46898073

TABLE 8-1 Single cell expression data (reduced list)---iHSC-8-TF-Poly iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- Factor TF-Poly1 TF-Poly2 TF-Poly3 TF-Poly4 TF-Poly5 TF-Poly6 Actb 14.4017745 14.2732193 15.1526286 13.8643652 13.9815065 14.3047991 Aebp2 5.95955683 6.89726869 6.24332431 6.30280532 6.9095424 7.47978946 Ahr 9.54980521 8.51756005 7.1706196 0 0 0 Akt1 9.2199823 10.5771332 10.3125839 10.115699 8.64780047 8.65031952 Akt2 5.38910968 4.02386518 4.9461932 0 5.38465875 0 Akt3 7.03433438 6.15943216 7.67195681 7.81890549 9.32598867 7.96268327 APC 0 6.92782146 6.85867754 0 0 7.94220629 Bad 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bax 9.05413463 10.0987868 10.8354331 9.74710118 7.76338529 8.52100861 Bcl11a 7.41102372 0 7.15076275 8.58322415 8.20030062 0 Bcl11b 7.64367926 0 3.66716509 0 1.93636742 0 Bcl2 3.57531389 5.85403867 0 3.16043824 5.61646233 5.76077245 Bcl2l1 9.07993883 8.03643261 9.87966794 0.83585263 8.58326585 8.40210943 Bcl2l11 0 0 7.06374493 8.39612427 0 8.4773465 Bmi1 9.07560792 8.22518209 8.42569938 0 9.40851644 7.96975432 Brd3 6.95890888 6.24785555 7.56579491 6.62403459 6.88629365 7.85394619 Casp8 7.8559411 8.60926927 8.8582654 6.01680512 9.44420835 8.42884993 Casp9 0 8.33784339 7.33820605 8.25717213 8.44629053 8.27100862 Cbx2 5.65213624 0 0 2.18365236 7.0766812 3.66755176 Cbx8 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ccnc 7.23528126 7.86231075 0 7.38487279 8.84791023 0 Ccnd1 0 9.72602652 7.48420059 8.30654599 11.8053072 11.1237592 Ccne2 0 4.88759578 7.32135738 6.93922401 0 6.77972753 CD34 0 8.05101797 3.40774581 8.23829804 0 0 CD41 5.41030089 9.39327537 7.15100623 8.76650086 7.87007098 8.71774229 CD48 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD52 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD53 9.89133699 0 0 8.96185069 0 0 CD55 8.79899388 7.63015791 5.88277643 7.59780097 7.37088799 7.76280542 CD63 8.65376387 8.79228248 9.15870494 6.99196008 7.38940631 9.44747605 CD9 8.16707472 7.77311627 9.13626418 7.43428177 6.47201397 6.79388862 Cdc42 10.6693066 12.1804797 11.8620482 10.497805 11.8021081 11.9762404 Cdk1 0 8.11620358 7.60561917 0 0 2.42017354 Cdk4 8.95820807 9.15744736 11.0338829 8.57125161 9.69513549 10.0356562 Cdkn2b 0.46087622 0 0 0 0 0 Cebpa 0 0 0 0 0 0 Csf1r 0 0 0 6.04286637 0 0 Ctnnb1 8.44935695 10.0514987 0 9.05018407 7.94648144 9.18714944 Cycs 6.68979802 10.8213383 10.6404742 9.78073283 10.3505161 9.81337298 Dach1 9.47386037 8.81206403 7.5999307 6.57582267 6.70986766 7.32706794 Dnmt1 10.1960231 7.65655217 8.31004681 8.92673119 9.2261255 9.71151883 Dnmt3a 4.24750121 7.63469215 9.34742168 10.0524941 10.4262419 9.47291437 Dnmt3b 9.14843642 7.69961419 7.21411913 0 8.70429266 0 Dtx1 0 0 0 5.01837469 4.02137797 0 Dtx4 2.30088686 7.91425669 4.17934489 7.92978791 0 7.80407419 Ebf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ep300 8.42978448 8.16009533 8.11371035 8.59805316 7.6395129 8.21791669 Epor 6.2878854 6.64044771 6.75920564 8.02055392 7.93934358 6.20584516 Erg 8.62942227 10.521998 10.168764 9.83912345 9.13177011 8.6111314 Esr1 9.06471078 9.18829675 6.19515636 11.4378777 9.44975997 10.8199014 ETS1 0 8.87124698 0 8.10142716 7.23106564 6.79930712 ETS2 5.11680482 8.0568843 8.65044922 9.01833153 8.46467898 7.94602145 Etv3 0 0 0 0 4.82743292 0 Etv6 9.79251329 9.35978258 0 10.0075324 11.5885534 10.1921514 Ezh2 5.41817556 7.64667858 6.75543645 0 6.4159182 6.97011891 Fas 0 0 0 6.6771592 0 0 Fcgr2b 0 0 0 0 0 1.9110038 Fcgr3 0 0 2.86176005 0 0 2.44845107 Fli1 10.5336811 12.3667862 11.7858238 12.4608812 10.493611 12.4773028 Flt3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fosl1 1.44076501 0 0 0 3.94928081 0 Foxo1 8.43424564 8.28876873 8.26229198 9.69686347 10.3959606 9.55451527 Foxo3 7.99528032 8.67713907 8.99464508 8.9062438 9.10399053 8.60034284 Gapdh 9.3099242 9.15763066 10.6029147 9.65043692 9.00857274 9.93076521 Gata1 0.63672388 0 10.3113521 7.1250339 4.80520903 8.55590577 Gata2 6.28005196 7.16819061 7.23533947 7.77620156 8.04600994 5.86169735 Gata3 10.2558503 8.50826002 6.98895568 9.32797131 8.9982892 8.78943303 Gfi1 8.68722923 0 3.61351347 8.08251783 9.37851925 7.53665623 Gfi1b 0 7.82299121 10.8795811 9.55418491 0 10.141432 Hes5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hey1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hlf 10.7996121 7.80302654 8.07339235 10.3328103 10.1642256 10.9369893 Id2 0 7.19510114 0 0 7.34117982 6.73327638 Ifi203 11.2049311 11.7941593 10.6750846 11.8592034 11.3822198 11.0667002 Ifi205 0 0 0 0 5.12094266 0 Ifitm1 13.6239128 12.8211493 12.5380217 13.5860342 12.7310037 12.7572775 Ikzf1 8.02126587 9.04043972 7.72357321 9.05398182 9.50868305 7.99342233 Ikzf2 0 7.54783051 6.77079194 7.44755496 8.52813905 8.80116026 Il7R 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf4 0 0 5.95460689 0 0 0 Irf6 5.93922618 6.29386942 6.10533594 5.63670862 6.21974252 6.69067944 Irf8 6.34567669 6.763163 0 0 0 0 Kdr 0 7.90283794 6.7399962 6.04306679 7.693852 0 Kit 11.5010613 10.5293391 7.24957866 12.1134045 11.2585393 10.0523104 Klf1 0 0 0 0 5.80555786 5.1540702 Klf12 7.55975795 7.04089627 7.935156 0 8.409808 3.6068298 Ldb1 10.8094981 10.8874078 10.0963676 10.4803974 10.0508605 10.1714957 Lin28a 0 2.05211875 7.65136108 8.44983026 4.23628819 0 Lmo2 11.5045036 11.4654604 12.7062374 11.6099483 11.790659 11.6996282 Ly6a 11.0781952 10.7918825 0 9.61026549 10.6187689 9.77041941 Lyl1 6.9228556 7.88957298 7.41124593 7.57483786 0 0.11188596 Mbd2 8.86366453 9.83898085 11.2188215 9.25784881 10.0178474 10.0634688 Meis1 8.59070238 10.0819024 8.56901622 8.96918024 9.55460124 8.92762134 Mllt3 0 5.19972913 6.98132487 4.33487907 3.43331896 4.72749687 Mpl 10.6098091 10.2976387 9.44740225 9.50399788 10.1164058 10.0146934 Muc13 8.22110323 10.3149031 10.5075791 10.121513 6.38829389 9.90926088 Myb 11.3740645 11.6070815 0 11.252238 11.1854878 11.6427141 Myc 7.58773767 6.92502957 11.0745262 0 10.1593651 7.81411074 Mycn 12.3961119 13.821477 11.2941091 13.4141112 13.2655937 13.4922153 Ndn 7.95802745 10.8486792 9.89395444 9.10341388 9.93546083 10.1963811 Nfat5 10.2193279 10.6492324 8.61806674 10.6812757 9.9915593 9.75117783 Nfia 8.65330763 7.06341868 7.38701122 9.59475644 9.95424844 8.85076252 Nfkb1 4.446709 0 6.6481504 0 2.89270377 3.94764604 Notch1 0 0 8.69218776 9.10479408 0 6.95197356 Pax4 0 0 0 1.44235065 0 0 Pax5 0 0 0 0 6.66633311 0 Pax9 0 5.03638998 3.19142852 0 0 0 Pbx1 5.79433853 2.40166484 0 6.25602965 0 0 PIk3ca 0 8.94646056 8.24915927 9.68680408 8.07553724 9.42366483 PIk3R2 7.86660372 7.73972411 7.38377942 8.09713775 8.00818253 8.75992262 Plag1 0 7.49123813 5.82502843 7.76160342 1.23953556 9.47539828 Prf1 2.80996555 0 0 1.55094842 0 0 Pten 10.4165886 9.60432119 10.2437146 9.90287857 10.8245223 9.89550714 Rb1 9.09620227 10.2509564 7.03917768 10.0166256 9.88895181 10.011227 Rora 5.67210945 8.16786484 8.22163059 8.40806013 8.20332033 4.82153142 Runx1 10.0392064 9.36216612 0 10.0169963 7.55675639 1.95995368 Runx2 3.02975474 0 0 4.00168042 4.49363883 3.39036905 Satb1 0 0 6.72850441 0 0 0 Sdpr 6.47855527 7.37567768 5.18752317 5.78827462 4.5789996 7.14989941 Sell 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sfpi1 7.93492701 1.16071284 8.97426329 9.01058427 8.8542142 8.64133779 Slamf1 7.5910261 8.53583734 7.18007615 8.00938404 7.5562505 8.6742552 Smarca4 9.2280708 10.369666 8.2235885 10.7058201 10.261829 10.5475105 Sos1 2.79113487 5.88655824 7.60011468 6.41704302 6.34226658 5.65496301 Stat1 2.30720619 2.35055788 6.29759725 3.85091293 5.28729455 2.53753709 Stat3 10.5102227 11.654284 7.98961351 9.69221977 10.9831963 9.46455273 Stat4 9.73148085 9.19610287 8.40332968 9.9249724 8.15997772 9.14000192 Stat6 8.08137592 8.26948638 7.50391096 0 10.2215169 8.55245944 Suz12 9.3961376 9.96724283 7.37908318 9.47883474 9.42011558 8.32573094 Tal1 1.72237282 0 6.69073047 3.11164048 1.32936699 0.00662202 Tcf3 8.96333241 9.31481932 0 0 9.07224108 10.1220054 Tcf4 8.80005664 9.41908139 10.3132992 8.69843764 8.97235944 9.3667886 Tcf7 0 0 2.25026637 0 3.89585347 4.39562419 Tek 4.43072212 0 0 0 0 8.57224426 Tfrc 0 8.54731767 6.89401888 9.74317989 5.81615029 0 Tgfb1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tgfb2 0 0 6.42618862 0 0 8.02240011 Tgfb3 7.17263032 0 6.69764691 8.16263704 7.62575941 3.60618469 Tnfrsf1a 9.12239254 9.94871547 10.5626763 8.3415255 8.80960043 8.44697988 Tnfrsf1b 7.57265388 2.1044987 5.61187541 9.91624698 7.9098197 8.62491508 Tnfrsf21 4.87454812 3.46004955 0 4.70959999 4.73578778 4.96266939 Tnfsf10 0 6.11608237 7.18551286 8.23570855 7.29990668 6.85883769 Tnfsf12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tob1 0 0 0 7.63203105 5.15771067 0 vWF 7.28131553 7.6135713 8.13113957 7.42453844 8.00520062 8.84927559 Zbtb20 9.1393088 8.47880681 7.90821765 8.9457529 8.12571437 10.22509 Zbtb38 7.37904176 9.35075276 7.06713579 8.59650634 6.5271098 7.65089916 Zfp532 0 0 7.67157289 0 0 0 Zfp612 3.43885333 8.66672996 0 6.73462534 0 5.03501087 Zfpm1 0 0 7.24131733 0 0 0 Zhx2 1.94879631 0 7.81335591 8.46235816 8.2166298 0

TABLE 8-2 Single cell expression data (reduced list)---iHSC-8-TF-Poly iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- Factor TF-Poly7 TF-Poly8 TF-Poly9 TF-Poly10 TF-Poly11 TF-Poly12 Actb 14.5566982 13.615687 13.2557353 13.9045548 13.625207 13.6632976 Aebp2 7.46754461 6.09082663 7.88599221 3.70216827 6.20483355 6.71566468 Ahr 7.777933 8.74434412 8.10667368 7.49909044 7.20337973 0 Akt1 10.2515898 10.0377805 10.6829232 9.27077113 10.266825 10.5734114 Akt2 5.61051736 0 5.3893609 5.11237848 5.46400025 5.08512838 Akt3 6.93473018 6.61452163 7.44026837 7.77588506 7.14760449 5.28506516 APC 8.24864591 7.30804883 6.70709773 0 0 2.08510464 Bad 0 7.83220622 0 0 0 0 Bax 9.48202132 8.9969831 10.9826718 9.37331185 9.48416241 8.8896616 Bcl11a 5.55206094 0 9.30842622 0 0 8.16251064 Bcl11b 0 0 4.04933387 0 6.56686767 0 Bcl2 5.48513078 5.01756113 7.17323639 4.60865583 6.53959776 6.15098683 Bcl2l1 8.40580553 2.85422793 8.83253241 9.37360231 8.97631666 7.51350228 Bcl2l11 7.06672118 0 0 7.28322794 6.13979045 2.83394681 Bmi1 10.1062229 8.64380505 8.99015684 7.21992126 8.87436353 0 Brd3 7.25721075 0 7.0965374 0 7.48140966 7.08332896 Casp8 7.10606382 7.11213334 9.13994663 8.261719 7.95659871 4.65164926 Casp9 0 8.75571495 0 1.70805493 0 2.58327705 Cbx2 2.75579197 0 4.17954883 2.44741358 4.393594 5.87793163 Cbx8 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ccnc 7.23061803 9.11473694 7.78622312 2.54536069 6.92719273 6.83659195 Ccnd1 10.6653784 8.89949686 9.37926846 9.10837155 10.9590543 9.95508055 Ccne2 0 0 6.67129745 0 6.26507974 7.44075399 CD34 7.84002032 6.14401226 2.96413812 0 0 7.08263627 CD41 0 0 0 6.79226229 1.8891056 7.90833057 CD48 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD52 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD53 10.2116886 10.7187208 7.08173192 0 7.86597872 9.01398982 CD55 6.98771698 2.38132592 7.08507818 7.89992021 7.15246355 6.12899081 CD63 9.35889467 8.34609702 7.4525258 8.40948734 8.52745636 9.28338595 CD9 0 0 0 0 0 7.73063553 Cdc42 11.5785879 10.5894656 10.8671101 11.1168037 11.7063764 11.8716066 Cdk1 0 7.59230634 4.57373649 8.26530963 0 2.79902594 Cdk4 10.4501041 9.38183794 9.45444547 9.17523295 8.69628583 10.0283801 Cdkn2b 0 0 0 0 0 2.20414523 Cebpa 7.67068515 0 0 3.00431304 0 0 Csf1r 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ctnnb1 8.98595118 8.61438975 8.0072686 8.55085327 8.3102969 8.76868574 Cycs 10.5867211 9.35280265 9.4126619 8.77371577 8.18994032 9.55716753 Dach1 7.9702221 8.18463035 10.0236829 9.42554937 8.13824416 10.359611 Dnmt1 7.80846616 7.40084034 8.85990662 4.70802589 7.27623299 9.44760185 Dnmt3a 8.89119048 9.27747566 10.2871952 9.54112251 9.5508204 10.4670722 Dnmt3b 7.3240984 7.49715046 0 7.22284209 8.54691735 5.83497538 Dtx1 0 0 4.9945392 0 0 0 Dtx4 4.11683447 0 0 4.01331301 0 2.68856134 Ebf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ep300 8.75880732 8.22004845 7.22949951 6.94738149 8.43564543 7.87430334 Epor 0 7.59352322 7.74083769 7.95447845 6.07198618 8.08667718 Erg 10.8478089 10.1398615 9.1558768 9.52550271 9.47527555 9.24391502 Esr1 9.72073813 7.43499017 3.58070546 9.16795158 11.0351211 7.34656788 ETS1 8.67731549 0 0 8.84936082 5.14149904 6.25528985 ETS2 0 8.91107552 7.23512522 7.43400303 2.1535625 8.78478124 Etv3 3.30675555 5.24405155 3.81620636 6.12231898 4.75328706 5.44221188 Etv6 10.8163092 9.32897355 10.6859753 11.9313243 10.2425034 11.6285131 Ezh2 0 0 2.21554199 0 5.32363089 0 Fas 0 0 0 0 2.16604599 0 Fcgr2b 3.47793 0 1.71970146 2.23921869 0 5.04737267 Fcgr3 0 0 0 0 0 2.18806711 Fli1 10.8345473 11.5409772 10.5318652 10.662109 11.4388002 10.1671415 Flt3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fosl1 0 0 5.8347835 0 7.70592608 7.84850811 Foxo1 9.4405956 8.63244642 9.95832224 11.215797 9.9252048 10.7941741 Foxo3 9.38655913 8.08321966 8.07438022 8.8867453 7.74085669 8.93178924 Gapdh 8.63027458 8.73797671 8.14527812 9.4866405 7.33039136 9.67482926 Gata1 0 0 1.55162308 0 0 0 Gata2 5.47644994 6.97088567 8.20284665 8.01626434 5.91147422 6.88724501 Gata3 9.08511237 9.31182071 0 9.62706291 9.32930381 6.65922323 Gfi1 0 7.22139719 6.85380432 8.35817389 7.00712317 0 Gfi1b 0 0 7.2469058 7.45722502 6.87129889 6.92216504 Hes5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hey1 0 0.67601338 0 0 1.09702737 0 Hlf 10.4853838 10.1092492 9.53028437 9.80884657 9.89274135 11.105232 Id2 7.46080895 0 0 0 7.18836307 4.4396478 Ifi203 11.1510789 10.5179013 12.3149838 11.1576976 10.6080303 11.3037035 Ifi205 0 0 0 5.11004436 0 0 Ifitm1 13.4850079 14.3779702 11.310825 12.3177214 13.3652001 12.6945896 Ikzf1 8.54385455 6.97196539 8.4861291 6.77958196 8.19579315 6.83946026 Ikzf2 8.26817651 1.0114979 0 8.04160023 8.17715371 7.37397864 Il7R 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf6 6.51071164 5.62197926 1.33986609 3.6512894 5.74729803 6.27874544 Irf8 7.35064711 0 5.67817332 0 0 0 Kdr 0 7.43990645 0 0 7.74287744 0 Kit 9.44396168 9.99654642 9.05604605 10.7370375 11.1484528 9.48452903 Klf1 0 0 0 0 0 2.66895857 Klf12 7.83284751 1.79551807 8.02838739 8.41667992 7.31689315 8.22947494 Ldb1 10.8649416 11.0311014 10.2531103 9.96867512 9.44479733 10.237399 Lin28a 0.07648021 5.44206338 2.28808923 0 4.26911442 7.49478468 Lmo2 10.3300198 11.4044966 10.8122837 12.0024401 10.8122958 11.5354295 Ly6a 11.0261252 9.19365169 0 11.2822375 10.9680129 10.2245897 Lyl1 0 0 0 0 8.1627394 6.9405754 Mbd2 9.778048 7.88381457 9.85411747 8.93004612 9.84729194 9.50047741 Meis1 9.79079972 9.26553519 9.47724048 9.11875429 7.83230069 9.28003396 Mllt3 4.95820732 6.82834374 3.31729194 4.78671361 5.72656509 5.03058026 Mpl 10.5885966 10.2036925 10.3769602 9.29493118 10.1733655 10.194539 Muc13 6.47555273 4.0744404 0.74602045 9.11384586 9.74461615 9.05918759 Myb 10.7442288 9.96147288 10.993789 10.1482872 11.1603183 11.6769893 Myc 7.89827193 9.71889144 8.37756333 6.2345676 8.71491271 9.57514794 Mycn 13.0888737 11.9671485 14.0143762 12.1914809 11.9099683 12.4213923 Ndn 8.94858448 10.4219509 7.73679165 7.97014772 9.18715689 9.75918486 Nfat5 10.3527976 9.84044429 9.78500077 9.69671217 9.49142498 10.0570506 Nfia 8.77963768 9.1388192 9.92274441 7.88222414 8.46281343 10.5459452 Nfkb1 4.42634987 0 4.92034792 4.79418239 5.49712885 5.77034407 Notch1 7.75076794 0 0 0 9.00866938 7.22412965 Pax4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pax5 0 5.51060272 0 0 0 0 Pax9 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pbx1 0 0 5.27140189 0 5.62172032 6.67462266 PIk3ca 9.62050132 9.28712078 9.2982715 8.72600436 8.2306778 6.59758348 PIk3R2 6.02135145 0 0 0 0 7.90960372 Plag1 0 6.72260382 7.03486336 7.18387794 4.17261924 6.64273979 Prf1 0 3.90415649 0 0 0.63556078 0 Pten 9.26090346 10.2405116 10.3794127 9.50933483 10.4712953 8.8938414 Rb1 9.66749617 7.6292368 8.71116734 8.9432676 4.68235943 9.80937685 Rora 0 4.97514677 7.9587669 7.68976191 4.34907105 5.02881742 Runx1 10.1268518 0 7.85747808 5.75506403 9.96928817 8.24404878 Runx2 5.5286143 0 3.79093014 4.65939933 4.88754632 0 Satb1 0 8.4748954 0 0 0 0 Sdpr 5.27902633 6.32635852 6.5332166 0 7.17059601 4.59848613 Sell 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sfpi1 9.46010411 7.75399359 7.72602312 9.76515629 9.72539923 7.02277564 Slamf1 8.20190825 8.19833438 0 5.55930467 0 0 Smarca4 9.4413014 10.1563545 8.79018319 8.8549291 10.3361654 11.228265 Sos1 4.54939546 6.56343031 5.6282784 3.49839747 6.033343 7.34548491 Stat1 1.6954329 2.46606654 4.59411276 3.22835285 3.56380291 2.65186982 Stat3 9.7980754 9.90644603 10.0618227 10.0057991 9.46974309 11.2477057 Stat4 10.1144294 8.47352328 8.70582293 8.52494598 8.72233963 8.2171884 Stat6 7.86406378 0 0 8.26236445 9.0629236 7.69535411 Suz12 8.39719356 7.93784732 8.38043045 8.85608556 9.42803983 9.28167431 Tal1 0 0.681281 0 2.08441416 0 1.70076747 Tcf3 0 0 9.9455106 9.29810349 9.8282128 9.54784562 Tcf4 0 8.51908255 9.24863486 10.5880166 7.28528289 7.66941102 Tcf7 4.32833396 0 0 0 6.36792384 2.47636179 Tek 7.42071469 0 7.43721036 0 0 7.67578104 Tfrc 8.06611575 7.71886079 8.5698818 0 0 8.80876058 Tgfb1 0 5.94187127 4.16958245 1.7066482 0 7.44368223 Tgfb2 0 3.64491004 0 8.61953374 0 4.82967208 Tgfb3 7.96037916 2.36951015 3.0455015 0 8.1575853 0 Tnfrsf1a 9.58272277 8.66151272 9.23558302 8.67592568 9.37894037 9.03022699 Tnfrsf1b 8.90229636 7.93923169 5.29156723 7.81247487 8.26692579 8.39371317 Tnfrs21 0 0 0 5.44213484 4.19136877 5.44890931 Tnfsf10 0 0 0 5.44208502 6.0556815 5.34683032 Tnfsf12 0 0 4.3913846 0 0 0 Tob1 0 0 6.16399931 0 0 6.29096864 vWF 6.35040864 6.82666845 7.07089703 5.30969082 6.82119478 7.28636659 Zbtb20 8.54677311 8.62567076 8.34955811 8.95833222 8.46048893 10.0348575 Zbtb38 8.6859832 6.69172463 7.38375805 6.45223583 8.91459553 8.06672637 Zfp532 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zfp612 8.55308069 8.49590308 7.30051048 0 8.54459297 8.15113011 Zfpm1 0 0 7.83370461 0 7.67338465 0 Zhx2 0 0 4.36096658 9.52701148 7.8156659 7.69538745

TABLE 8-3 Single cell expression data (reduced list)---iHSC-8-TF-Poly iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- Factor TF-Poly13 TF-Poly14 TF-Poly15 TF-Poly16 TF-Poly17 TF-Poly18 Actb 14.2727767 12.7280483 14.0956291 13.7082256 13.0574175 13.8899065 Aebp2 6.11070016 7.67413704 5.4199737 5.67517041 6.12979862 6.39309702 Ahr 0 7.60162142 8.68953508 7.22521443 0 7.80170326 Akt1 10.5537808 10.2359843 10.1876416 10.2045296 9.32528266 11.2037137 Akt2 6.04771205 5.46968411 4.61114177 0.36361906 5.15470193 6.76905664 Akt3 7.46685201 8.87527885 6.41367312 6.57064203 7.42714251 8.82945036 APC 5.47404929 0 0 3.30240815 0 0 Bad 0 0 0 8.25308495 0 0 Bax 9.58600628 7.72059484 8.90118521 9.0595556 8.89711711 10.2420317 Bcl11a 0 7.2152692 0 9.99754542 8.21413322 8.37765853 Bcl11b 0 0 0 0 0 5.9803208 Bcl2 6.3930411 6.07276828 6.16216896 7.49388797 5.68656739 0 Bcl2l1 8.95652025 7.10261013 9.81018845 5.27192178 8.28376117 7.94107304 Bcl2l11 6.33813274 0 0 5.92621331 0 0 Bmi1 8.66147977 8.96414419 8.75077682 8.37533133 8.69114053 9.23230416 Brd3 8.28803382 6.3971659 6.25298854 7.15381467 7.6478676 8.17779551 Casp8 8.45968253 8.1712985 7.71775573 7.76600997 8.57602393 7.87394894 Casp9 4.45260333 0 0 0 4.29714485 0 Cbx2 2.07247445 4.80091864 2.61905814 0 1.54064757 4.53169391 Cbx8 0 0 0 0 0 0.67434266 Ccnc 0 8.28176951 8.20203458 0.20286217 7.36331044 7.27287576 Ccnd1 11.3129135 10.4797236 8.88976756 7.2170424 8.33377627 9.15479719 Ccne2 0 0 1.50040192 0 0 0 CD34 8.22979468 0 0 6.91091458 8.44625303 7.87973307 CD41 0 7.16278626 0 7.18437958 0 0 CD48 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD52 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD53 0 8.91427674 8.44378297 9.13656802 0 9.74428678 CD55 6.01147624 5.07787524 7.69978384 2.8938614 7.50395162 8.09488889 CD63 9.97144686 8.71949217 8.16499862 8.98186831 6.4416781 9.43079454 CD9 9.65832099 5.7460499 8.59279056 7.41372418 8.48726798 7.98386084 Cdc42 12.0879567 10.9317607 11.4005236 11.0823193 10.9521574 11.5405133 Cdk1 0 2.72753967 0 2.05216916 0 0 Cdk4 8.5419578 8.78105981 9.25298713 7.52696871 8.30059711 9.43641662 Cdkn2b 0 0 0 0 0 5.12306489 Cebpa 0 0 0 0 8.64186061 0 Csf1r 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ctnnb1 8.20473117 8.50969794 8.69357555 9.73103801 5.608402 9.62623328 Cycs 10.355627 8.70346871 9.62459322 8.44123772 8.67759939 9.25455509 Dach1 9.82088619 7.86150494 9.96350332 8.99831455 0 10.570503 Dnmt1 8.77747907 7.53562918 0 7.44505386 8.60952809 10.0209151 Dnmt3a 10.9895968 8.80508017 9.0263749 9.03931586 9.52116455 9.94330249 Dnmt3b 9.0938017 1.17472267 3.10327969 0 2.84001275 8.34532121 Dtx1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dtx4 4.43088049 3.87028229 4.43041562 7.35767066 0 5.6117422 Ebf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ep300 9.017599 6.78903265 7.43151301 7.60373336 8.45575033 7.95781099 Epor 5.61905305 6.57651712 6.697122 7.72336468 7.6721107 7.16092395 Erg 11.2267843 11.2338502 8.98943025 8.67311388 10.5300473 10.3920801 Esr1 9.88779417 9.5988785 10.7077127 9.32817858 9.04585226 0 ETS1 7.00604522 8.10866426 8.03570905 7.99879785 4.90118407 7.96807866 ETS2 9.43655065 7.58250039 8.78658622 7.59607589 7.77738844 8.52035769 Etv3 6.23826064 3.83649683 5.71839126 3.62372678 5.97641387 4.51702701 Etv6 11.5745983 9.67915008 11.1480528 9.02130654 10.2698644 11.1857554 Ezh2 5.31268746 0 4.20179525 6.18588773 0 6.62582331 Fas 0 0 0 0 1.51519502 0 Fcgr2b 6.48856047 4.94876599 0 0 0 0 Fcgr3 3.61683637 0.44366131 0 0 0 0 Fli1 11.8751419 11.3361252 12.1903114 11.2030884 11.240247 11.2863366 Flt3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fosl1 9.57090972 0 7.58226569 0 0 7.82360513 Foxo1 10.3871499 9.3667248 10.4078656 9.09496896 10.2176456 10.0456512 Foxo3 8.47876623 9.50744661 9.2592793 7.51365588 7.19553746 9.10509162 Gapdh 9.38324817 7.33400257 8.80742103 7.06433381 7.70747783 9.59697776 Gata1 5.31073843 0 0 0 1.26264701 7.26109145 Gata2 6.68669869 6.50786707 7.6104304 3.89707824 6.63102054 8.2588868 Gata3 7.04848734 8.94414597 8.45487627 9.75563278 9.27170655 10.8195073 Gfi1 9.73235707 9.86036822 8.40070436 4.05484467 5.30647504 8.60826828 Gfi1b 0 0 0 0 0 7.65342243 Hes5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hey1 0 0 0 7.33170389 0 0 Hlf 9.04765144 10.6533675 10.5269011 9.04230199 9.56488914 9.70383891 Id2 7.62991754 0 4.23111706 0 0 0 Ifi203 11.2501676 11.914907 11.8653931 11.1350751 12.3322589 11.9786983 Ifi205 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ifitm1 13.6024841 13.2671579 13.1559778 14.6147998 12.3940005 13.0506359 Ikzf1 8.99227257 0 6.59952389 4.22155675 8.51392841 8.28888823 Ikzf2 7.97202071 9.3328216 8.73462182 7.32657718 7.08686654 9.84110991 Il7R 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf4 4.70292121 0 0 0 0 0 Irf6 5.54666139 6.23688513 0 5.97785483 5.02049373 4.96109854 Irf8 7.86823205 8.15367383 2.63621427 6.83354507 0 0 Kdr 5.53840288 0 8.15341571 7.01205599 7.4642774 7.1326176 Kit 11.2607047 10.3606009 8.79628445 11.5915902 10.481916 11.5872617 Klf1 0 3.25860663 7.84616118 0 0 0 Klf12 8.51276514 0 7.11967734 0 6.76070903 7.21735901 Ldb1 10.1909279 10.4320215 9.54439153 10.2617076 9.04575239 10.805799 Lin28a 5.62179949 3.31473014 1.92780466 0 6.68984894 3.16561904 Lmo2 11.3839154 11.4034046 11.3907002 10.8211784 10.7792744 11.5849622 Ly6a 10.4770569 8.56680086 10.4469799 10.6032693 9.78976088 10.5262032 Lyl1 7.72600868 7.4205871 7.75834476 0 2.04943398 5.36599153 Mbd2 7.18160941 0 8.37079723 8.40944262 7.72922325 9.44956043 Meis1 8.38029564 9.48751454 8.92807614 9.17214844 9.24061666 9.66150816 Mllt3 5.70832826 4.43853888 6.41671792 3.9945214 3.62889877 5.44463465 Mpl 9.80451345 10.0432958 9.24266526 8.79519105 8.10182066 11.1002171 Muc13 8.98196707 5.59560036 5.88707405 8.6485199 9.85981222 8.758467 Myb 12.229057 11.105609 10.5930915 11.6502743 11.2030698 12.0392037 Myc 5.94054515 8.26431355 0 0 9.23698786 0 Mycn 12.9133833 12.0386919 12.9135442 11.3734877 12.9094945 13.2019114 Ndn 10.1539124 10.0168565 10.2371109 10.6363452 9.55015746 10.2823756 Nfat5 10.0281421 9.33420441 9.33337438 9.24446933 9.36691113 10.2854003 Nfia 9.50780688 9.55882506 9.20366745 10.0443654 8.63527972 8.37856563 Nfkb1 4.40547181 0 6.72539404 5.68195326 3.69104625 2.61534874 Notch1 7.92730103 0 0 0 1.91842901 7.254093 Pax4 0 0 2.75717363 0 0 0 Pax5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pax9 0 0 0 0 7.51446706 0 Pbx1 0 0 0 0 7.35355438 0 PIk3ca 9.36193609 10.1573699 8.69135241 7.22797069 9.350244 9.7945183 PIk3R2 9.08458317 7.31464789 0 7.23501761 0 8.77459895 Plag1 9.35742205 9.87687278 6.76687433 9.21256194 7.60654426 9.96667624 Prf1 0 0 8.2323039 0 0 0 Pten 10.0306742 10.2227214 9.46793062 8.97227711 10.0315494 10.1169538 Rb1 9.14716883 8.05715458 9.38141621 7.77964535 8.78223278 9.78773033 Rora 7.18374293 8.46056013 5.83820968 8.93757151 4.90427489 0 Runx1 10.9790323 6.4366202 7.3434187 9.02591347 7.456308 8.6424525 Runx2 5.06108884 4.73894347 3.57947524 0 4.71767067 4.01213338 Satb1 0 0 6.988754 0 0 0 Sdpr 7.25321831 1.49255939 5.03703907 7.36858199 5.63016034 4.99059297 Sell 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sfpi1 8.23548593 9.30951305 8.23896762 9.70211776 9.06710973 9.02501417 Slamf1 8.97871652 7.69050245 8.12971792 8.19661263 6.49955824 9.49238402 Smarca4 9.16368267 8.86000678 7.42507799 10.3635361 8.42813404 9.89775871 Sos1 6.95641434 6.76871668 5.24577661 4.77916419 5.28495752 5.60242229 Stat1 2.55560167 1.57984978 2.47684151 3.53475743 5.10154814 2.60129708 Stat3 10.050798 10.319077 10.6594607 10.4305246 8.82047476 11.132745 Stat4 9.33292587 6.1179188 9.39461735 8.20558579 8.85019502 10.5591988 Stat6 9.12089244 9.48439599 8.23719382 8.55868133 9.07236102 8.98821013 Suz12 9.38104801 6.98601382 9.13046142 8.52416999 7.65310844 8.32511917 Tal1 0 0 3.47169406 0 2.67263762 7.4198786 Tcf3 10.5584 9.01499115 9.3657276 0 9.47219667 9.8412718 Tcf4 9.215939 9.39183959 7.54261135 9.26545368 9.99166629 10.0227825 Tcf7 0 0 0 3.59122317 0 0 Tek 0 0 9.1484583 3.17123575 7.42337143 5.89012912 Tfrc 8.51963706 8.20530652 8.13700044 0 8.25042927 0 Tgfb1 2.78186927 6.42869806 5.89270974 0 1.05785152 6.22071528 Tgfb2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tgfb3 3.34813 0 7.79588299 7.42980658 7.51930126 8.10294994 Tnfrsf1a 8.97610513 9.40934119 9.51740906 8.73586007 7.77034164 8.68220529 Tnfrsf1b 7.7581593 7.64845624 8.38084662 0 9.10235665 9.03749186 Tnfrsf21 2.71798644 0 1.74571738 2.68827623 3.04822159 5.61552431 Tnfsf10 6.81258092 7.05606832 4.88500889 6.08129458 4.45443159 7.17866012 Tnfsf12 0 0 0 0 3.42201447 3.17042749 Tob1 6.08956479 0 1.0254279 0 4.07499239 0 vWF 8.69641471 7.83148927 5.7541953 7.51750945 6.84122876 8.68209545 Zbtb20 10.7465428 8.11584272 10.0666657 8.72759216 8.97604308 9.84825138 Zbtb38 7.4776121 7.71700408 8.82991017 6.57384818 2.72358522 8.69891554 Zfp532 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zfp612 5.94153564 6.7720852 7.52351011 7.44920631 6.39354799 7.81847435 Zfpm1 7.42741579 6.64520623 8.37192116 0 0 6.62040347 Zhx2 0 0 2.08517851 8.18192171 8.6593969 7.86530332

TABLE 8-4 Single cell expression data (reduced list)---iHSC-8-TF-Poly iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- Factor TF-Poly19 TF-Poly20 TF-Poly21 TF-Poly22 TF-Poly23 TF-Poly24 Actb 14.0222957 14.9852165 14.7231936 13.0780412 13.1822769 14.7520851 Aebp2 6.09276785 5.91339645 7.15748106 7.15006465 6.44734708 7.56825651 Ahr 0 7.35656431 0 0 7.39042048 0 Akt1 10.1537514 9.0396397 10.8518586 10.0130998 9.0677075 10.2965742 Akt2 5.37628872 5.62239369 4.54633859 4.9627968 0 6.55702093 Akt3 6.43567703 0 8.32809947 7.77517295 7.00340875 6.69568826 APC 0 6.02993274 7.1076109 0 0 7.41151949 Bad 0 7.95577502 0 0 0 0 Bax 9.62042258 10.1007541 9.93762446 10.5704358 8.58778402 9.82062487 Bcl11a 8.25024263 0 6.13142565 8.06182977 0 0 Bcl11b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bcl2 5.80097299 6.96327952 5.50955358 6.14344881 6.33146119 8.64834323 Bcl2l1 7.19137797 9.09460414 8.68585536 8.37559007 7.91961022 9.1222599 Bcl2l11 7.10099787 0 0 8.66530941 7.92945207 7.29055975 Bmi1 0 8.89333432 8.82500517 8.04845917 7.27905634 7.66241462 Brd3 7.81963512 6.53346079 8.46718639 6.63970649 3.58678146 8.79527153 Casp8 8.16002179 7.41674663 9.68556501 8.98596978 7.82524756 8.16507587 Casp9 8.12191839 0 0 8.20184923 6.86433721 0 Cbx2 5.83990951 7.17824899 1.13974563 0 1.69623499 5.47697139 Cbx8 0 0.94186577 4.35885212 0.62378639 0 0 Ccnc 6.44758404 7.56469246 7.28657546 0 3.55530815 7.0627638 Ccnd1 10.2579337 10.3894912 10.1044493 9.85934264 7.70190072 10.2600958 Ccne2 4.05061191 7.82199556 0 0 0 0 CD34 5.35839334 1.30106581 7.35425184 6.61374857 6.44471518 1.61234414 CD41 5.77643219 0 10.4393533 0 0 10.3495091 CD48 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD52 0 0 0 3.01619125 0 0 CD53 8.03999469 0 0 7.50341317 10.1028594 0 CD55 7.33579923 5.27016862 7.79008222 7.56180434 6.90429703 7.62824401 CD63 8.37023042 8.80391232 9.66493806 8.10475976 6.51700946 8.24520437 CD9 7.12446184 0 7.78614293 0 8.48314556 7.50038252 Cdc42 11.193945 11.5997344 12.2211899 11.14451 9.02347781 11.8346973 Cdk1 3.82114993 0 0 0 0 8.8707332 Cdk4 8.72490443 9.2366055 9.21810563 8.92536239 7.92269766 9.0715251 Cdkn2b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cebpa 0 0.92340397 0 0 1.00115542 3.07355052 Csf1r 0 0 0 0 0 4.67306388 Ctnnb1 9.02013289 8.1995723 8.88842654 7.35118018 7.79633098 9.06433317 Cycs 4.40114607 10.7395371 9.31670975 9.50564127 8.73967132 10.179991 Dach1 9.36485262 8.82201919 0 8.05339981 0 10.8270759 Dnmt1 0 9.58140407 10.0497632 8.2793687 6.63806785 8.17811462 Dnmt3a 10.9905048 9.19877847 7.56408268 9.58520501 8.76598997 11.0073815 Dnmt3b 6.12321822 5.91369116 6.74621053 8.79572673 0 8.46193889 Dtx1 0 0 4.45860491 0 4.40787301 2.92452083 Dtx4 0 0 0 0 0 4.65526374 Ebf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ep300 8.31116148 9.22743592 7.7293946 8.80009368 7.48345043 9.03015668 Epor 6.59886102 8.36411013 6.46843364 7.45226452 6.61055385 8.51394952 Erg 9.78578531 7.35912985 11.1497111 10.1003655 10.2588034 10.1895405 Esr1 10.7256327 11.2332794 8.62974835 10.714868 9.12800318 7.71830109 ETS1 9.50337181 9.15865955 8.17116294 8.01408055 7.45017515 0 ETS2 7.42626021 9.43167027 7.78315302 9.20343927 9.3179479 8.01612975 Etv3 1.3458142 5.98695328 4.79867027 2.51010934 4.92346803 3.7511546 Etv6 10.6179622 10.4118422 10.2187025 9.96156985 10.038584 9.91374759 Ezh2 0 7.4963002 5.11451697 0 4.27019431 5.00451192 Fas 0 0 6.38955508 0 0 6.53357255 Fcgr2b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fcgr3 0 0 0 0 0 4.03293964 Fli1 11.3359409 10.6665214 12.2098328 11.3839786 12.0700831 12.5969288 Flt3 0 0 5.17872234 0 0 0 Fosl1 0 0 0 7.88407638 0 0 Foxo1 10.6157657 10.0233787 10.3312339 8.69958676 10.0863135 8.75473743 Foxo3 8.75455393 8.2202859 9.4323668 8.96146302 8.37704731 9.54868349 Gapdh 9.39063578 9.6332912 9.01611712 8.48869618 7.45420386 9.51346889 Gata1 2.29550385 0 2.19508312 0 0 7.81928617 Gata2 7.90701459 6.57337507 7.74249758 7.39810444 5.78754669 7.21810544 Gata3 9.25625641 9.59194441 7.96562707 9.02739686 9.24201171 5.54111636 Gfi1 8.16247965 9.05106935 1.53883386 9.20704112 8.86848623 1.74671367 Gfi1b 7.48261818 0 9.01407569 7.92225525 0 10.4544307 Hes5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hey1 0 0 0.23980869 0 3.99694016 0 Hlf 10.0172951 8.57271376 9.52837203 9.19521494 10.1704945 8.00758435 Id2 3.69016431 6.66309649 0 8.09079275 0 0 Ifi203 10.7615272 11.4665288 9.34620527 12.029167 12.0276813 12.3753844 Ifi205 0 0 6.21186981 0 0 0 Ifitm1 12.52963 14.056977 12.1062642 14.4446358 13.0043214 11.5613877 Ikzf1 9.49333946 8.39564132 6.74977708 7.60909535 7.65040476 9.02382942 Ikzf2 8.34635213 6.9536272 8.61475235 6.86277574 6.23476562 7.53972582 Il7R 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf4 0 0 0 5.32286189 0 0 Irf6 4.23055125 6.62986325 5.38490108 4.90732154 1.6439306 3.52949201 Irf8 0 7.03460532 0 2.07699694 0 6.38053878 Kdr 0 0 0 8.31606549 0 1.78210879 Kit 10.3885328 6.36619186 9.89600505 10.6754558 10.6599878 12.0390472 Klf1 0 5.96327424 0 0 3.13498357 0 Klf12 0 5.07853345 0 0 5.94120823 7.42134808 Ldb1 10.1606712 9.4851491 10.5743575 10.1071175 9.70318406 9.85749521 Lin28a 7.17967747 5.7551298 0 6.67444585 0 7.1800316 Lmo2 11.3790886 10.9990795 11.1248884 10.5434856 10.8867459 11.3916155 Ly6a 9.90063146 10.425202 9.30350233 10.6994618 9.83374053 7.67564131 Lyl1 7.14647222 8.82469566 7.29100041 7.01495401 8.09680593 0 Mbd2 10.0576916 9.28619721 9.17962218 9.39666712 0 8.99242891 Meis1 9.19612035 7.20888322 9.3457055 8.41585689 8.18293381 9.0030273 Mllt3 6.32843166 0.74266874 4.39498203 3.39205835 6.23365027 3.44437544 Mpl 8.94809398 10.5780332 10.4781264 10.277185 8.87490577 9.39242946 Muc13 8.27790617 0 10.4076758 6.76806625 5.00295934 10.3973791 Myb 11.7453163 11.8586016 11.7506552 11.1696323 10.9979778 11.7377404 Myc 9.36837161 7.05635853 8.52793183 9.28427723 0 11.6017931 Mycn 13.2729086 13.0027169 11.5828444 12.1822321 11.3420486 10.4739711 Ndn 10.1608893 0 9.76813472 10.8699711 6.85887785 7.86045035 Nfat5 9.33700148 9.37171439 9.61477453 10.0347254 9.16012698 11.0068399 Nfia 9.19929579 8.60111942 9.05469309 8.45114924 7.63071837 10.4493102 Nfkb1 5.80357529 3.19392376 5.18644292 2.62506816 4.67722842 4.73163984 Notch1 0 0 7.11863629 0 0 0 Pax4 5.85834965 0 0 0 0 0 Pax5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pax9 1.49067007 1.89512232 6.48812116 0 4.05075553 0 Pbx1 0 6.44666705 1.43020832 5.65796056 0 5.75884417 PIk3ca 8.51982982 7.20799174 6.37633123 0 0 6.46020226 PIk3R2 8.38136327 8.97464344 9.98572262 0 7.61404741 8.48818785 Plag1 0 0 6.4230689 7.11287226 0 0 Prf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pten 10.540168 9.73816633 10.8896648 9.24580983 9.87665899 10.9693546 Rb1 7.31833258 9.22662137 9.69069735 10.0839906 8.40316967 8.99999716 Rora 6.73484556 0 0 0 9.2605019 9.02226435 Runx1 0 10.6851969 8.05120975 9.13766939 0 7.96523554 Runx2 4.65669851 4.87793717 0 4.53994772 5.95340157 5.22261949 Satb1 0 0 0 7.42656655 7.19081992 0 Sdpr 4.8919743 5.24630781 5.31896107 5.91836204 4.45600583 6.97989467 Sell 1.98131911 0 0 0 0 0 Sfpi1 7.85387748 7.69052148 0 0 6.83763769 0 Slamf1 0 8.49168885 0 8.17041428 8.03774087 8.97604844 Smarca4 10.9295084 10.7537022 10.631709 7.01755625 0 11.2935237 Sos1 6.74790018 4.84633913 6.25614779 5.08932828 5.99132703 7.55749624 Stat1 4.09438953 3.12874153 0.0136088 7.49778073 3.08878778 4.41941405 Stat3 10.6461698 10.1970393 11.6374187 10.6737607 10.7089761 10.407426 Stat4 7.94643022 7.77936924 7.15328942 9.69556223 8.59968281 10.8890815 Stat6 10.6283289 9.39699663 7.46878642 10.3247299 8.10965668 9.61146029 Suz12 8.47536799 7.00434943 7.22403444 9.07440769 6.61891321 9.26075033 Tal1 0 0.78562075 0.32304358 0 1.05194194 3.12802446 Tcf3 8.71121837 8.47702552 9.5832776 9.51241599 0 0 Tcf4 8.74989108 10.019422 9.67827255 9.15887745 9.0850838 11.1528985 Tcf7 0 1.52995296 0 0 0 5.98283478 Tek 8.29344896 0 0 0 7.0599381 6.9286127 Tfrc 8.98222729 0 8.46857397 0 0 9.30593475 Tgfb1 5.18251178 0 1.45806631 6.10276766 6.19575758 4.43408052 Tgfb2 0 0 0 0 0 6.69513523 Tgfb3 4.31080402 7.71403034 0 0 8.43808726 7.6392649 Tnfrsf1a 8.37097875 9.75633627 9.2929424 8.88457116 9.33603379 9.21302132 Tnfrsf1b 8.69059649 8.23787663 9.40938599 8.83717215 8.39065647 10.0362648 Tnfrsf21 3.20614275 6.19102698 5.06049798 3.05259086 3.46771395 6.05459577 Tnfsf10 0 0 5.97171916 0 7.59819331 7.31664485 Tnfsf12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tob1 6.69079448 6.00223918 0 3.73540562 0 5.02457741 vWF 7.03390478 7.00183766 6.76991781 7.90167655 7.3503261 8.19082768 Zbtb20 8.75751032 8.56608423 7.87546645 9.54728999 9.08834794 8.98417896 Zbtb38 8.42709931 6.65368752 8.31325825 7.64612461 5.85086359 7.6993122 Zfp532 0 2.57549982 0 0 0 0 Zfp612 7.39496006 9.86263779 8.6174037 6.07547603 7.44714339 7.42549287 Zfpm1 0 0 7.32419209 0 0 7.09081266 Zhx2 5.14338261 7.9453336 7.54993366 7.52150615 0 0

TABLE 8-5 Single cell expression data (reduced list)---iHSC-8-TF-Poly iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8- Factor TF-Poly25 TF-Poly26 TF-Poly27 TF-Poly28 TF-Poly29 TF-Poly30 Actb 15.1467264 15.0603057 14.7898411 13.7224541 13.1728469 12.9889544 Aebp2 7.22454633 8.054577 6.2934136 5.40380392 6.94511987 6.23324236 Ahr 0 0 0 8.0387708 6.82981017 0 Akt1 10.4393078 11.2053361 10.3315581 9.52591131 8.93069445 9.8447304 Akt2 5.46798025 4.36096146 0 0 6.22509388 5.58121685 Akt3 8.54577868 9.10928289 6.11061488 5.23070804 7.20403999 7.48254296 APC 7.54219167 8.23602617 0 3.26916842 7.12783167 7.33873364 Bad 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bax 9.50825239 10.7263374 10.1709333 8.9480305 7.02132481 9.08482722 Bcl11a 0 0 0 0 5.41177469 5.64855342 Bcl11b 0 0 4.08334085 0 0 0 Bcl2 3.68995409 7.32318474 7.06144794 6.58939055 3.18869428 4.94548147 Bcl2l1 6.81430281 9.83800287 9.83067128 9.33405878 1.18529944 0 Bcl2l11 9.18689234 4.87995875 2.32073334 7.05754987 7.15679605 0 Bmi1 9.41703263 10.590967 8.13517912 8.21207019 7.89416001 8.36530966 Brd3 7.40062986 8.45229557 7.37805192 6.73549941 6.38937753 0 Casp8 9.06859401 9.89552232 7.64299925 9.08071818 6.57464487 8.31311348 Casp9 3.44991217 6.93448309 0 9.05103431 7.48305696 8.79567172 Cbx2 5.65665485 4.81978051 5.01321494 7.38009168 6.31186522 7.25681223 Cbx8 7.51395854 5.26741788 0 0 0 0 Ccnc 3.40126563 7.17806544 7.78283799 8.63152446 8.813967 6.58765669 Ccnd1 10.8599552 11.4320536 11.3331975 7.53991341 0 9.29046471 Ccne2 7.83759047 8.65858417 0 0 3.32687121 0 CD34 6.63187034 9.7565564 7.40591115 8.39371742 6.77659879 5.99841538 CD41 2.14023125 8.47542727 6.69580828 4.98782898 0 0 CD48 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD52 7.91998753 8.98451985 0 4.94138545 0 5.93717087 CD53 6.94204489 10.5301752 0 7.40829181 6.96255155 9.16158967 CD55 2.67695364 7.24868997 0 6.8723678 6.65669014 0 CD63 7.9251335 9.70346434 8.76574443 8.18049221 7.4946542 8.16601991 CD9 5.82915993 0 7.99497783 0 0 7.22604682 Cdc42 12.2364611 12.3344896 12.0159112 11.7559163 10.3539974 9.97336176 Cdk1 0 0 0 6.53350976 4.26316228 0 Cdk4 9.99908798 10.1349512 9.51946578 8.41035443 8.08864468 8.77958527 Cdkn2b 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cebpa 0 0 0 0 2.49157455 0 Csf1r 0 0 0 7.64542858 0 0 Ctnnb1 8.99986283 10.3367688 8.5457773 7.874021 8.83840174 7.30650645 Cycs 10.4684479 10.2719616 11.6179928 8.6873144 8.85811424 9.08493865 Dach1 10.2351588 10.5375086 5.28114978 7.94289632 9.06367016 8.61751831 Dnmt1 10.4609244 10.9431578 9.49692678 8.00548457 4.47880176 8.89034639 Dnmt3a 10.1900028 10.2175853 10.5489199 10.1873262 8.0649379 8.61671847 Dnmt3b 10.4287559 7.64484667 7.66846002 7.47190296 7.46314199 0 Dtx1 2.87373766 0 4.45487641 0 3.39237286 0 Dtx4 8.30188881 0 3.76809623 8.90387752 7.33254088 0 Ebf1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ep300 9.27663432 10.1042304 9.68113841 8.5374249 8.21206612 9.24606331 Epor 7.85270065 8.04294538 9.16962943 8.54759033 7.35632339 6.14561167 Erg 8.55265099 10.2669084 10.2169225 7.63186499 8.95845922 10.2164651 Esr1 9.38768526 9.97524679 0 10.8874494 7.8990261 7.59868432 ETS1 6.6308345 8.37613488 6.37681253 7.42772803 0 0 ETS2 8.17680732 10.0653554 3.38470303 8.81529422 0 7.77351284 Etv3 6.11040493 0 3.98584882 3.26053429 4.70577394 4.48214929 Etv6 9.8608361 11.5277743 11.4810765 8.43992379 9.20838366 11.0463499 Ezh2 7.709826 6.54832 0 4.52144944 0 0 Fas 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fcgr2b 1.90741417 0 0 0 4.85415356 1.74014502 Fcgr3 0 0 1.08750014 0 3.68471648 0 Fli1 11.0534143 13.0298511 11.2583348 10.8538562 11.3158563 10.8772294 Flt3 0 4.16157253 0 0 8.03117137 0 Fosl1 0 0 0 8.2455383 0 0 Foxo1 9.70714029 10.6720909 10.3788241 9.80708641 8.26507304 10.6496396 Foxo3 9.48634989 9.86647621 7.51118011 8.70034889 7.37972878 8.55743355 Gapdh 8.86227153 8.45555869 8.72625477 8.41917922 8.02370137 6.10600952 Gata1 0 3.80535399 0 0 6.75158933 0 Gata2 5.91383797 8.18298805 7.06534352 6.42930963 4.69341126 5.21404746 Gata3 9.11573842 10.3308833 8.31030094 9.17077025 8.17912775 9.3094042 Gfi1 0 0 1.23659601 6.90153413 8.4360923 6.0672508 Gfi1b 0 7.73951118 0 8.27925976 2.60027956 0 Hes5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hey1 0 4.03507957 0 0 0 0 Hlf 11.6008005 10.3681868 8.12581134 9.33949169 9.74960861 9.90445603 Id2 0 0 0 0 7.98559854 0 Ifi203 13.7479568 12.7438712 11.8807423 11.6897407 8.68436391 11.1266634 Ifi205 0 4.09293031 0 6.42758045 0 0 Ifitml 13.859925 14.1799111 12.4645038 13.3616994 12.6048996 13.2905626 Ikzf1 9.27873989 10.4587279 5.91103149 7.22522005 7.63638395 7.21841248 Ikzf2 8.55691698 9.00296885 0 10.0127515 7.05646755 7.55750237 Il7R 0 0 0 0 0 0 Irf4 0 0 0 0 0 3.13466963 Irf6 0 4.45135084 2.0970079 4.45935177 2.34298554 3.11901816 Irf8 8.36267886 0 8.28087448 0 0 0 Kdr 0 0 0 7.11467704 0 0 Kit 7.33440621 11.676319 12.0482852 10.3613984 10.8447689 9.71837065 Klf1 4.6113579 0 0 7.07231232 0 0 Klf12 7.16079482 7.39809865 7.38280606 7.94577018 8.65600956 7.11655703 Ldb1 11.0650833 10.7394902 9.391079 9.69631695 9.34063818 8.23556142 Lin28a 8.59487815 7.9674739 8.97421223 4.11702404 8.12470644 8.71804793 Lmo2 10.8175242 11.0371363 9.96662941 10.9024038 10.303006 9.67048273 Ly6a 11.3320064 10.8896747 11.6269362 10.7750255 8.734268 8.94138397 Lyl1 0 8.45036073 8.31542245 7.1453941 6.78867557 0 Mbd2 9.82815303 7.77519918 9.72316715 8.71004644 0 8.71389867 Meis1 8.72386921 9.27416327 7.7021466 8.50453784 8.4108095 7.11187223 Mllt3 1.20911588 2.90532993 3.24157892 6.04227027 3.56250704 3.41569762 Mpl 8.16713987 11.1382076 8.84138738 9.51523532 6.45757591 9.14051092 Muc13 3.84864206 10.6660629 10.1548311 7.8264378 7.56339286 8.44043237 Myb 11.9506659 12.679687 12.354001 11.6763394 11.1472311 10.8315677 Myc 0 10.0093188 8.34807296 9.25839322 7.84577514 7.52780084 Mycn 10.870635 12.9395207 12.3151591 12.053502 12.6255533 9.68590773 Ndn 6.69958267 11.2092172 8.79795885 10.1009021 4.07328976 8.99463446 Nfat5 10.4275502 11.0533765 9.97984923 10.6782945 9.95523149 10.2518547 Nfia 8.76693228 11.1506945 10.3677089 9.02919232 7.97805043 7.23689606 Nfkb1 4.92161927 7.85783734 0 5.31107579 0 5.41888462 Notch1 0 6.97371909 6.50677693 8.20930046 7.14314591 8.77749162 Pax4 0 0.41579145 0 0 1.78594162 0 Pax5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pax9 0 1.29709712 5.34825344 0 0 0 Pbx1 0 0 4.99498393 0 4.3948675 0 PIk3ca 7.29512319 5.10151123 9.26701666 8.77108696 7.8137764 8.06874559 PIk3R2 0 9.54668408 0 4.03560663 7.63724867 8.09289398 Plag1 4.05714178 7.17110365 7.47615183 6.78269553 6.68706596 8.11285307 Prf1 0 0 0 0 1.76277593 0 Pten 9.67233193 10.8750291 11.2752335 9.07906849 9.619202 9.54758043 Rb1 2.4815274 9.83858258 9.93875591 8.12503051 0 9.56415776 Rora 6.2784063 7.96217943 8.97191919 5.69747967 6.69619858 0 Runx1 7.72158429 11.5617806 8.0209297 0 7.34188594 9.3066077 Runx2 6.44168173 6.47921853 4.05939813 0 4.52343132 0 Satb1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sdpr 3.14060766 4.67747404 0 5.13849374 4.35123979 0 Sell 0 7.82142452 0 0 0 0 Sfpi1 9.44004137 10.6112564 9.57177198 9.73952896 7.67485892 9.1636508 Slamf1 0 9.8509578 0 7.94976735 0 0 Smarca4 9.67242674 11.3679625 10.9120144 8.33633778 9.38747622 8.96597469 Sos1 6.73189286 7.18014773 6.17729215 2.57292994 0 5.02443057 Stat1 5.68555984 3.02264624 7.3271143 5.35339745 0.83073004 3.29153215 Stat3 11.3131951 9.57939384 9.0893893 9.5064832 8.66288619 9.76664759 Stat4 8.57556847 8.81788595 7.9582273 8.78864361 9.09957433 8.97134532 Stat6 10.8376145 10.2010288 8.49312223 9.35277641 7.40643256 8.90732864 Suz12 9.41780703 9.04550097 8.43918141 6.8443864 8.23939832 7.20948647 Tal1 0.36745858 3.76022412 1.90443062 1.20031735 0 1.80499304 Tcf3 0 11.0694031 10.6447268 0 0 0 Tcf4 10.6969499 10.046866 9.90816861 9.69613559 10.4609901 8.34637629 Tcf7 0 0 4.47895555 0 0 0.42028063 Tek 0 0 6.45746287 7.3858809 0 0 Tfrc 10.1334859 10.3260932 9.35672673 8.44227518 4.80666561 0 Tgfb1 0 6.89665934 5.8186116 6.7222637 0.76900814 0 Tgfb2 4.82881658 0 0 0 0 0 Tgfb3 7.47747614 8.54176509 0 0 8.79652611 0 Tnfrsf1a 9.39147825 10.7935619 9.25501158 9.89472761 8.6880689 8.31560598 Tnfrsf1b 9.23838068 9.80031527 8.22142743 0 7.28814434 7.90865273 Tnfrsf21 6.28949914 5.97728009 5.19350171 5.57452029 4.50016048 0 Tnfsf10 7.22789618 7.36848679 6.75517567 7.16478253 0 7.06007861 Tnfsf12 0 4.3060738 0 4.85239643 0 2.04680563 Tob1 1.76727829 0 0 1.31719975 0 5.22971098 vWF 4.32082285 6.06693197 0 5.71670619 6.04694734 5.12273794 Zbtb20 8.1961861 9.72922487 8.03051751 9.40713548 7.57941477 7.38691184 Zbtb38 7.5702152 9.54076295 6.6697548 7.46445387 6.53307434 7.23318321 Zfp532 0 0 0 0 5.04108384 5.18050424 Zfp612 5.72138328 8.03852538 5.85275553 5.51442076 5.97875939 8.22421158 Zfpm1 0 6.44875688 6.30023725 0 1.71015037 0 Zhx2 9.12067496 8.78641727 0 8.48763196 0 0

TABLE 8-6 Single cell expression data (reduced list)-iHSC-8-TF-Poly iHSC-8- iHSC-8- iHSC-8-TF- iHSC-8-TF- iHSC-8-TF- Factor TF-Poly31 TF-Poly32 Poly33 Poly34 Poly35 Actb 14.2069371 13.8470594 13.8401959 13.917789 15.1280325 Aebp2 5.98889731 6.37700771 7.03385188 7.32807418 5.967507558 Ahr 0 7.35587653 7.14024783 0 7.726173885 Ala1 9.63022936 9.79043235 8.92541514 10.255464 10.06829133 Akt2 4.7739806 6.20050837 0 6.6173956 6.266455938 Akt3 7.83294768 7.93223254 7.33454157 7.96075903 7.609211364 APC 7.03824303 2.01225823 7.3738631 6.86740225 0 Bad 0 0 0 0 0 Bax 7.92377163 9.35241369 8.79541456 10.1556033 9.298454044 Bcl11a 6.79087658 9.42268001 0 5.94056 9.650354382 Bcl11b 0 7.91342229 0 0 0 Bcl2 7.71843033 4.37394315 3.67661636 6.48782736 6.12384282 Bcl2l1 7.32275084 8.01987482 8.88727066 10.3391458 5.482050078 Bcl2l11 5.79196834 7.61927617 0 0 7.954405054 Bmi1 8.81392639 9.20924156 9.08236893 0 8.889304656 Brd3 7.23409493 7.45401462 5.51991989 8.04268652 7.389789509 Casp8 7.67563079 8.20820007 6.55654411 7.54337459 8.32215887 Casp9 0 0 8.99779312 4.59384186 5.848587768 Cbx2 1.44235903 5.10087886 3.11514136 4.33721335 7.198562206 Cbx8 0 0 0 0 0 Ccnc 6.39235909 2.98958517 6.90788079 8.33600559 0 Ccnd1 9.85365523 9.35220323 10.3423931 10.596546 10.3258133 Ccne2 0 0 0 0 0 CD34 8.18588751 7.74906415 7.26970785 0 7.499624637 CD41 9.13809414 0 2.48229859 9.03163232 2.624405589 CD48 0 0 0 0 0 CD52 0 0 0 0 0 CD53 9.41977885 9.65013579 7.29556871 0 7.157577428 CD55 8.06965354 6.20993378 0 0 8.314622092 CD63 8.2891293 8.70844929 8.28276973 7.95614666 7.974507291 CD9 5.61055111 8.76259165 7.38090105 9.05799841 7.984779418 Cdc42 11.6414373 11.5413516 11.8105407 12.0218361 12.15037822 Cdk1 0 0 5.92738978 6.4822881 0 Cdk4 9.11192333 8.53731642 7.38211559 9.25948872 8.7744804 Cdkn2b 0 2.02544167 0 0 0 Cebpa 0 0 0 1.76275336 0 Csf1r 0 0 0 0 0 Ctnnb1 8.53778061 8.99449917 8.50354705 8.54550946 8.150621469 Cycs 8.74992664 9.3211739 7.56416714 11.6306877 9.73444361 Dach1 10.2255054 8.13381132 9.01635767 9.67564058 9.403674066 Dnmt1 7.06488647 8.20709121 5.48806315 10.7511069 9.291062883 Dnmt3a 9.34089662 10.5431275 9.68146699 9.67721509 9.574078858 Dnmt3b 7.10396864 7.14264453 0 8.67608269 8.398086808 Dtx1 0 3.92664652 0 0 1.079050232 Dtx4 0 0 6.49224019 0 7.288080256 Ebf1 0 0 0 0 0 Ep300 8.96510963 9.64835081 9.30091348 8.39112866 8.866505918 Epor 7.23361451 8.89683938 8.61954912 7.62063998 8.194140038 Erg 9.8355606 10.6000491 9.47258834 9.6821144 10.01801557 Esr1 6.30347997 5.64608692 9.59441989 0 7.287947864 ETS1 6.09111489 6.98717296 7.45969571 6.50362082 5.966052941 ETS2 8.21354447 9.19096881 1.88892339 8.82189923 7.475011402 Etv3 2.96178532 5.48992927 4.14441284 0 2.046570736 Etv6 10.858902 10.7925323 9.17798475 10.4215528 8.441479121 Ezh2 0 0 0 5.45401289 5.720754812 Fas 0 0 0 0 0 Fcgr2b 6.88075674 5.54617113 7.14891342 0 5.207646663 Fcgr3 0 7.00826514 2.35530291 0 0 Fli1 10.4691328 10.6639924 10.8692473 10.8916346 11.73795664 Flt3 7.70280609 0 0 0 0 Fosl1 0 0 0 7.93834953 0 Foxo1 9.88312231 9.91869001 9.41788508 9.980959 9.032259159 Foxo3 8.9575813 9.11938907 5.14307614 6.31778497 8.269683905 Gapdh 7.77415605 8.26157075 7.66942984 7.99106849 8.407711578 Gata1 0 0 0 9.41402438 0 Gata2 7.15464892 7.34496127 8.49543986 7.32606855 6.666698464 Gata3 8.87820207 6.20110618 8.30533556 6.87821567 10.13942411 Gfi1 3.66002454 10.3420315 3.3332712 0 9.13521169 Gfi1b 9.7202357 0 7.68331245 7.60509615 0 Hes5 0 0 0 0 0 Hey1 0 0 0 0.16937746 0 Hlf 9.6974979 11.3333543 10.0480033 5.45401024 10.71087925 Id2 0 1.73028986 2.9821102 0 0 Ifi203 11.0839141 12.322849 11.1353627 0 11.36781538 Ifi205 0 0.60415365 0 0 0 Ifitm1 11.7471245 14.7096222 13.8201159 10.3244566 12.69088657 Ikzf1 4.65390199 9.36172059 8.32379103 9.23805477 9.117655761 Ikzf2 8.1800366 9.34772631 8.67384155 7.5997184 7.633862356 Il7R 0 0 0 0 0 Irf4 0 0 0 0 0 Irf6 4.55947022 0 6.20746303 1.90705149 0 Irf8 4.17972502 5.19690275 0 0 1.168908887 Kdr 0 6.4546143 0 0 0 Kit 10.568118 10.7326629 9.66035824 10.235182 10.49875083 Klf1 0 0 0 0 0 Klf12 7.90580132 8.82046599 6.9604333 0 4.799978797 Ldb1 10.1435572 10.8500431 9.02813399 10.0262901 10.57537202 Lin28a 2.01835712 0 7.60463245 7.26719796 7.0567702 Lmo2 10.2921708 10.7989969 10.2263373 10.2137336 10.88135035 Ly6a 9.83101715 10.8834217 10.9471589 7.0165923 8.632926147 Lyl1 5.64299125 8.39061157 8.05543657 0 6.93753767 Mbd2 7.43457425 9.26608484 9.03952586 9.2082395 8.436864241 Meis1 7.17124275 8.43708101 8.22260057 9.10089289 9.11887556 Mllt3 4.68195721 7.14795197 0 0 0 Mpl 8.08112178 11.2655793 8.31206648 8.38505498 10.42540532 Muc13 7.69684641 8.740324 7.23849573 9.18630096 9.032771705 Myb 10.8533459 12.0368698 11.2785518 11.5385888 11.07370836 Myc 10.6275942 0 7.98150016 10.2477795 0 Mycn 11.5919441 13.7950767 13.0318118 11.572173 9.884323219 Ndn 7.40457998 10.7183908 8.75991643 0 9.66450548 Nfat5 9.91314435 11.3027566 10.3793203 9.5179896 9.779535652 Nfia 7.79221189 10.051871 9.80645605 8.5847577 9.825414289 Nfkb1 5.30418245 4.7738356 0 2.24245044 0 Notch1 0 0 8.15000269 0 7.573067604 Pax4 0 0 0 0 0 Pax5 6.27471676 0 0 0 0 Pax9 0 0 0 0 0 Pbx1 2.98370939 0 5.09401103 0 4.388365504 PIk3ca 8.75259112 8.2331466 9.04017873 8.40060398 8.480971265 PIk3R2 5.26485409 8.45942473 7.82585643 7.39316382 9.393048953 Plag1 0 7.30362382 0 7.34771911 9.10689314 Prf1 0 1.7040015 1.56236886 0 0 Pten 8.31345133 10.2695925 9.97217513 9.13715083 10.61329076 Rb1 9.95763649 9.79666893 7.99445736 9.2214006 9.482724273 Rora 0 6.56427305 5.64107699 4.56057422 6.331115465 Runx1 0 8.14608613 8.71941715 8.19287364 7.870521822 Runx2 5.34834113 4.59771607 3.47214128 0 5.551463025 Satb1 0 0 0 0 0 Sdpr 3.37648888 5.96772223 4.92952477 6.2586625 0.440922771 Sell 0 0 0 0 0 Sfpi1 8.60729629 8.1629534 8.63327996 0 9.702906322 Slamf1 8.18217953 8.5258681 9.31528985 0 0 Smarca4 9.34699951 9.96472508 9.88851572 10.4282604 9.608738237 Sos1 5.09407549 6.03558245 5.61700797 6.34922122 5.074256436 Stat1 1.59542643 3.04779271 4.03139248 2.14901292 1.713356031 Stat3 9.68231911 10.8000054 9.77728389 8.12814266 9.356540529 Stat4 9.03078852 8.81875947 9.7628284 9.23753873 9.345223627 Stat6 8.80712329 10.4891182 8.86298599 9.36542993 9.506915587 Suz12 9.14292326 7.20766953 7.75046294 8.75372748 8.5960251 Tal1 2.01130091 0.68276644 6.73023432 2.3305105 3.375132509 Tcf3 10.2607205 0 10.2753363 0 9.495266453 Tcf4 9.35302065 9.01808097 10.5037967 9.43819789 10.19593089 Tcf7 0 0 0 0 2.167615009 Tek 0 7.96828571 0 0 0 Tfrc 10.289075 9.33491809 0 8.98476872 8.421750863 Tgfb1 0 0 1.58449749 3.70605263 0 Tgfb2 0 6.77707617 0 3.27306737 0 Tgfb3 7.58607476 0 0 0 0 Tnfrsf1a 10.1591524 9.83805082 9.98992194 8.08094003 9.174520259 Tnfrsf1b 9.13727 7.96181671 7.64996091 8.33642919 8.933678342 Tnfrsf21 5.11707811 5.6723159 2.99946137 5.63253583 4.286614066 Tnfsf10 4.56651794 7.36235451 6.96023501 0 0 Tnfsf12 0 0 0 0 0 Tob1 0 7.90731485 0 5.34587986 6.280356776 vWF 5.50820839 7.20387901 7.86788155 7.34146511 6.367927725 Zbtb20 9.56374662 9.76898114 9.31718552 6.40168708 9.092322576 Zbtb38 7.131271 8.33887914 7.67573354 5.98684877 7.925976084 Zfp532 0 0 0 0 0 Zfp612 7.37417759 7.21875833 8.50575865 7.70407891 7.488313843 Zfpm1 0 0 0 0 0 Zhx2 8.5972312 0 8.15875098 0 7.312382961

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Example 3

Radioprotection transplantation assays performed using donor-derived MEPs (Na Nakorn, J Clin Invest. 2002, 109(12), 1579-85) confirmed a robust ability to give rise to platelets and red blood cells in vivo (FIGS. 72B-C).

In addition to sustained self-renewal potential, a hallmark property of HSCs is their ability to give rise to multi-lineage differentiation at the clonal level. Although we had observed clonal multi-lineage differentiation potential in vitro after induction of our factors (FIGS. 60B-C), our in vivo transplantation experiments, which were done at the population level, precluded us from concluding clonal differentiation potential in vivo. We reasoned that Ig heavy chain rearrangements arising in Pro/Pre B-cells could be used as a lineage-tracing tool, and that the presence of common V(D)J rearrangements in different donor-derived lineages in our transplantation experiments could provide evidence of clonal multi-lineage differentiation potential. We therefore isolated DNA from sorted donor-derived B- and T-cells, granulocytes, and macrophage/monocytes from primary recipients exhibiting long-term multi-lineage reconstitution derived from Pro/Pre B-cells transduced with the 8-TF^(Poly) viral cocktail. Ig heavy chain-specific PCR spanning the V(D)J junction was then performed and selected products common in size to all lineages were gel purified, cloned and sequenced. This analysis revealed the presence of V(D)J rearrangements common to all of the donor-derived lineages we analyzed from two independent experiments, indicating multi-lineage differentiation potential from clonal reprogrammed Pro/Pre B-cells (FIG. 71A). That single reprogrammed cells possessed multi-lineage differentiation potential in vivo was further confirmed using a LAM-PCR-based approach, which revealed common viral integration sites in sorted donor-derived B-, T-, and myeloid cells (not shown). To test if reprogrammed cells sustained multi-lineage differentiation capacity during serial transplantation, we analyzed V(D)J junctions and viral integration via LAM-PCR on sorted donor-derived B-, T- and myeloid cells from secondary recipients transplanted with reprogrammed cells from mice that had been analyzed by these approaches during primary transplantation. These experiments revealed that both shared V(D)J rearrangements and common viral integration sites could be identified in multiple lineages in both primary and secondary recipients (FIGS. 71B-71C), indicating that single reprogrammed cells possessed both multi-lineage differentiation, and long-term self-renewal potential.

To determine which lineage(s) in the peripheral blood had the potential to give rise to these colonies upon re-expression of the transcription factors, we purified B-cells, T-cells, myeloid cells and granulocytes from the 8-TF^(Poly) reconstituted mice, and tested their colony forming potential following culturing and plating in the absence or presence of doxycycline. These experiments revealed that cells from each of these lineages were imbued with progenitor activity upon factor re-induction. Of these, granulocytes gave rise to the fewest colonies whereas Mac1+ macrophages/monocytes yielded the largest number of colonies and the greatest number of primitive GEMM colonies (FIGS. 70C-D).

We focused on differentiated myeloid cells because unlike differentiated lymphoid cells that have rearranged TCR (T-cells) or IG (B-cells) loci, multi-lineage reconstituting cells derived via reprogramming of myeloid cells would be expected to have the potential to give rise to full repertoires of lymphoid effector cells upon differentiation. 

1. A hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) inducing composition comprising one or more expression vector encoding four or more HSC inducing factors selected from: CDKN1C, DNMT3B, EGR1, ETV6, EVI1, GATA2, GFI1B, GLIS2, HLF, HMGA2, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXB3, HOXB4, HOXB5, IGF2BP2, IKZF2, KLF12, KLF4, KLF9, LMO2, MEIS1, MSI2, MYCN, NAP1L3, NDN, NFIX, NKX2-3, NR3C2, PBX1, PRDM16, PRDM5, RARB, RBBP6, RBPMS, RUNX1, RUNX1T1, SMAD6, TAL1, TCF15, VDR, ZFP37, ZFP467, ZFP521, ZFP532, ZFP612, and ZPF467. 2-47. (canceled)
 48. The HSC inducing composition of claim 1, wherein the four or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, PBX1, LMO2, PRDM5, ZFP37, MYCN, MSI2, NKX2-3, MEIS1, and RBPMS.
 49. The HSC inducing composition of claim 1, wherein the four or more HSC inducing factors are HLF, RUNX1T1, ZFP37, PBX1, LMO2, and PRDM5.
 50. The HSC inducing compositions of claim 1, wherein the expression vector is a retroviral vector.
 51. The HSC inducing compositions of claim 1, wherein the expression vector is a lentiviral vector.
 52. The HSC inducing composition of claim 51, wherein the lentiviral vector is an inducible lentiviral vector.
 53. A method for preparing an induced hematopoietic stem cell (iHSC) from a somatic cell comprising: a. transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid sequence encoding RUNX1T1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM5, wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and b. culturing the transduced somatic cell in a cell media that supports growth of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby preparing an iHSC.
 54. The method of claim 53, wherein the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16 a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding VDR wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter.
 55. The method of claim 53 further comprising transducing the somatic cell with one or more vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MYCN; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding NKX2-3; a nucleic acid sequence encoding MEIS1; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding RBPMS; wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter.
 56. The method of claim 53, wherein the expression vector is a retroviral vector.
 57. The method of claim 53, wherein the expression vector is a lentiviral vector.
 58. The method of claim 57, wherein the lentiviral vector is an inducible lentiviral vector.
 59. The method of claim 53, wherein the somatic cell is a fibroblast cell.
 60. The method of claim 53, wherein the somatic cell is a hematopoietic lineage cell.
 61. The method of claim 60, wherein the hematopoietic lineage cell is selected from promyelocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, reticulocytes, erythrocytes, mast cells, osteoclasts, megakaryoblasts, platelet producing megakaryocytes, platelets, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, innate lymphocytes, multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells, oligopotent hematopoietic progenitor cells, and lineage restricted hematopoietic progenitors.
 62. The method of claim 60, wherein the hematopoietic lineage cell is selected from a multi-potent progenitor cell (MPP), common myeloid progenitor cell (CMP), granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells (GMP), common lymphoid progenitor cell (CLP), and pre-megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor cell.
 63. The method of claim 60, wherein the hematopoietic lineage cell is selected from a megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor cell (MEP), a ProB cell, a PreB cell, a PreProB cell, a ProT cell, a double-negative T cell, a pro-NK cell, a pro-dendritic cell (pro-DC), pre-granulocyte/macrophage cell, a granulocyte/macrophage progenitor (GMP) cell, and a pro-mast cell (ProMC).
 64. A method of promoting transdifferentiation of a ProPreB cell to the myeloid lineage comprising: a. transducing a ProPreB cell with one or more vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP467, a nucleic acid sequence encoding PBX1; a nucleic acid sequence encoding HOXB4; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding MSI2; wherein each said nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter; and b. culturing the transduced ProPreB cell in a cell media that supports growth of myeloid lineage cells, thereby transdifferentiating the ProPreB cell to the myeloid lineage.
 65. The method of claim 64, wherein the transducing of step (a) further comprises one or more vectors comprising one or more of: a nucleic acid sequence encoding HLF, a nucleic acid sequence encoding LMO2; a nucleic acid sequence encoding PRDM16; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding ZFP37.
 66. The method of claim 63, wherein the expression vector is a retroviral vector.
 67. The method of claim 63, wherein the expression vector is a lentiviral vector.
 68. A kit for making induced hematopoietic stem cells (iHSCs) comprising the HSC inducing compositions of claim
 1. 